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Knowledge of the craniofacial anatomic structures is fundamental for successful autogenous bone grafting surgeries in implant dentistry. In view of the limitations of panoramic radiography, as a bidimensional image, Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) has become necessary, as it makes possible to observe potential segments of autogenous bone grafting for implant placement in edentulous regions. The aim of this paper was quantify the bone thickness using CBCT to measure the thickness of the vestibular cortical-medullary bone in the mandibular retromolar and molar regions, as donor segments for the patients. The scans were obtained from a Newtom QVT 9000 3G Aperio ® Tomograph. They were taken from mandibles of 50 patients. We obtained statistically significant differences between measurements of molar areas of men and retromolar area of women (p<0.05). The results of this research broaden the dentist's knowledge about evaluating potential donor areas in the posterior region of the mandible, as regards the requirement of predictability. In conclusion, greater thickness of donor area was observed in both the male and female gender bilaterally, in the mandibular retromolar and third molar regions. Furthermore, upper segment region presented greater cortical thickness in all the studied regions.

O conhecimento das estruturas anatômicas craniofaciais é fundamental para o sucesso de cirurgias de enxerto ósseo autógeno em implantodontia. Tendo em vista as limitações da radiografia panorâmica, como uma imagem bidimensional, a tomografia computadorizada Cone Beam (TCCB) tornou-se necessária, uma vez que torna possível observar segmentos ósseos com potencial para serem utilizados como enxertos autógenos para a colocação de implante em regiões desdentados. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a espessura de osso usando TCCB para medir a espessura óssea cortical-medular vestibular nas regiões retromolar e molar inferior, como segmentos de doadores para os pacientes. Os exames foram obtidos a partir de um Newtom QVT 9000 3G Aperio ® Tomograph. Estes foram retirados de mandíbulas de 50 pacientes. Observamos diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as medidas de áreas molares de homens e área retromolar das mulheres (p <0,05). Os resultados desta pesquisa ampliam o conhecimento do cirurgião-dentista sobre a avaliação de áreas doadoras potenciais na região posterior da mandíbula, no que diz respeito à exigência de previsibilidade. Em suma, observamos uma maior espessura da área doadora, tanto no sexo masculino quanto no feminino, na retromolar mandibular e na região de terceiros molares. A região do segmento superior apresentou maior espessura cortical em todas as regiões estudadas.

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INTRODUCTION: Biological age is an important parameter for growth and development assessment. It can be evaluated through the observation of radiographic changes in skeletal maturation of cervical vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: a) verify if there is correlation between growth curve and the stages of bone age of animals used in laboratories, by evaluating radiographs of the cervical vertebrae; b) correlate these stages with their correspondents in humans. METHODS: 35 Wistar rats were evaluated for a period of 160 days, starting at day 22nd (weaning), with cross sections for periodic weighing, length measurement and digital radiography. Radiographs of the cervical vertebrae (C2 and C3) were measured by means of a computer program (Radio IMP). Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Growth spurt was characterized by fast increasing in weight and length. Through ANOVA, differences were observed in the cervical measurements between days 22, 97, 127, 157, 187 and 217 (p <0.001). A high correlation was found between increasing in body length and weight, as well as in cervical vertebrae height (r = 0.86). Increments in concavities of vertebrae were also observed, similar to humans. CONCLUSIONS: There is correlation between body growth and maturation of cervical vertebrae in rats. Despite the continuous development of concavities, it was not possible to clearly identify the 5/6 stages as in studies of cervical vertebrae maturation in humans.

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OBJECTIVE: To verify if the reference values of Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis of North American individuals are similar to the ones of Brazilian individuals presenting no craniofacial anomalies. The study also aimed to identify craniofacial alterations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) patients in relation to individuals without clinical characteristics of the disease through this cephalometric analysis. METHODS: It were used 55 lateral cephalograms consisting of 29 for the control group of adult individuals without clinical characteristics of OSAHS and 26 apneic adults. All radiographs were submitted to Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis through Radiocef Studio 2.0. The standard values of this analysis were compared, by means of z test, to the ones obtained from the control group and these were compared to values from apneic group through Student's t test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between values obtained from control group and standard values. On the group of OSAHS patients it was observed a decrease on the dimensions of upper airways and an increase on the soft palate length. CONCLUSIONS: The standard values of Sleep Apnea analysis can be used as reference in Brazilian individuals. Besides, through lateral cephalograms it was possible to identify craniofacial alterations in OSAHS patients.

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INTRODUCTION: Biological age is an important parameter for growth and development assessment. It can be evaluated through the observation of radiographic changes in skeletal maturation of cervical vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: a) verify if there is correlation between growth curve and the stages of bone age of animals used in laboratories, by evaluating radiographs of the cervical vertebrae; b) correlate these stages with their correspondents in humans. METHODS: 35 Wistar rats were evaluated for a period of 160 days, starting at day 22nd (weaning), with cross sections for periodic weighing, length measurement and digital radiography. Radiographs of the cervical vertebrae (C2 and C3) were measured by means of a computer program (Radio IMP). Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Growth spurt was characterized by fast increasing in weight and length. Through ANOVA, differences were observed in the cervical measurements between days 22, 97, 127, 157, 187 and 217 (p <0.001). A high correlation was found between increasing in body length and weight, as well as in cervical vertebrae height (r = 0.86). Increments in concavities of vertebrae were also observed, similar to humans. CONCLUSIONS: There is correlation between body growth and maturation of cervical vertebrae in rats. Despite the continuous development of concavities, it was not possible to clearly identify the 5/6 stages as in studies of cervical vertebrae maturation in humans.

INTRODUÇÃO: a idade biológica é um parâmetro importante na avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento, podendo ser avaliada por meio da observação de alterações na maturação óssea das vértebras. OBJETIVO: o presente estudo visa descrever e relacionar a curva de crescimento de ratos utilizados em pesquisas laboratoriais com os estágios de idade óssea, avaliados por radiografias de vértebras cervicais, e correlacionar esses estágios com estudos correspondentes em humanos. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 35 ratos Wistar em um período de 160 dias, iniciando no 22º dia de vida (desmame), com cortes transversais periódicos para pesagem, medição do comprimento e radiografias digitais. As radiografias das vértebras cervicais (C2 e C3) foram mensuradas por meio de um programa de computador (Radio IMP). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância (ANOVA). RESULTADOS: o surto de crescimento caracterizou-se por aumento rápido de peso e comprimento, seguido por um período de crescimento lento e de estabilidade. Uma alta correlação (r = 0,86) foi verificada entre o aumento de peso e o comprimento do corpo, bem como o comprimento das vértebras cervicais. Incrementos nas concavidades das vértebras dos ratos foram observados, semelhantemente aos resultados obtidos em estudos em humanos. CONCLUSÕES: existe correlação entre o crescimento corporal de ratos e a maturação das vértebras cervicais. Apesar da detecção de desenvolvimento contínuo de concavidades das vértebras, não foi possível identificar claramente os 5 ou 6 estágios de maturação óssea descritos em seres humanos.

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OBJECTIVE: To verify if the reference values of Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis of North American individuals are similar to the ones of Brazilian individuals presenting no craniofacial anomalies. The study also aimed to identify craniofacial alterations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) patients in relation to individuals without clinical characteristics of the disease through this cephalometric analysis. METHOD: It were used 55 lateral cephalograms consisting of 29 for the control group of adult individuals without clinical characteristics of OSAHS and 26 apneic adults. All radiographs were submitted to Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis through Radiocef Studio 2.0. The standard values of this analysis were compared, by means of z test, to the ones obtained from the control group and these were compared to values from apneic group through Student's t test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between values obtained from control group and standard values. On the group of OSAHS patients it was observed a decrease on the dimensions of upper airways and an increase on the soft palate length. CONCLUSIONS: The standard values of Sleep Apnea analysis can be used as reference in Brazilian individuals. Besides, through lateral cephalograms it was possible to identify craniofacial alterations in OSAHS patients.

OBJETIVO: verificar se os valores de referência da análise cefalométrica para apneia do sono, referentes a indivíduos norte-americanos, são semelhantes aos de indivíduos brasileiros não portadores de anomalias craniofaciais. Identificar, também por meio dessa análise cefalométrica, alterações craniofaciais em indivíduos portadores de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) em relação a indivíduos sem características clínicas da doença. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 55 radiografias cefalométricas laterais advindas de arquivos, sendo 29 radiografias para o grupo controle, sendo composto de indivíduos adultos sem características clínicas de SAOS, e 26 de indivíduos adultos apneicos. Todas as radiografias foram submetidas à análise cefalométrica para apneia do sono por meio do software Radiocef Studio 2.0. Por meio do teste z, valores-padrão dessa análise foram comparados aos valores obtidos do grupo controle, e esses, por sua vez, foram comparados aos valores do grupo de apneicos por meio do teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores obtidos do grupo controle e os valores-padrão. No grupo de indivíduos portadores de SAOS, observou-se diminuição nas dimensões das vias aéreas superiores e aumento do comprimento do palato mole. CONCLUSÕES: os valores-padrão da análise de apneia do sono podem ser utilizados como referência em indivíduos brasileiros. Além disso, por meio da radiografia cefalométrica lateral foi possível identificar alterações craniofaciais em indivíduos portadores de SAOS.

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OBJECTIVES: Hand/wrist and dental radiographs are important for osteoporosis analysis in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This study evaluated whether a correlation exists between the effects of the disease on the hands and jaws, and investigated the association between osteoporosis progression in the hands and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four panoramic radiographic parameters (mental index, mandibular cortical index, trabecular bone pattern, and calcification/resorption) and four corresponding hand/wrist radiographic parameters (metacarpal cortical thickness, phalangeal cortical index, trabecular bone pattern, and calcification/resorption) were applied to investigate possible correlation between the effects of SHPT on the jaws and hands/wrists, by Spearman's correlation coefficient. PTH levels and the hand/wrist radiographic parameters were also tested by spearman's correlation coefficient (p < 0.05). The presence of brown tumors, vascular calcifications, and acroosteolysis on the hands was also evaluated. RESULTS: Mandibular cortical index was strongly correlated with the phalangeal cortical index (p = 0.000). Phalangeal cortical index and trabecular bone pattern of hand/wrist correlated with PTH levels (0.002 and 0.000, respectively). Brown tumors occurred in four CKD patients, while both vascular calcifications and acroosteolysis were observed in 19 patients. CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between the morphological changes caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism in hand and jaw bones. The morphological status can be assessed using the mandibular cortical index, besides the phalangeal cortical index. The latter correlates well with parathyroid hormone levels of advanced chronic kidney disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Panoramic images reveal morphological changes in the jaw bone, indicating likewise changes in the hand/wrist in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. The severity of the bone changes may be a reflection of the parathyroid hormone levels in advanced chronic kidney disease.

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Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção dos idosos com relação à própria saúde bucal e a anamnese, abrangendo as alterações sistêmicas e bucais presentes. Métodos A amostra consistiu de 52 idosos, com idade entre 60 e 90 anos, participantes da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade, Núcleo São José dos Campos, Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Foi utilizado o Questionário Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index para aferir a autopercepção dos idosos quanto à própria condição bucal, seguido de anamnese e exames clínicos intrabucais a fim de identificar as alterações sistêmicas e bucais existentes Resultados:De acordo com a análise estatística descritiva, 86,0% dos indivíduos apresentaram alta autopercepção em avaliar a própria condição bucal (ótima capacidade); 12,0% tiveram média autopercepção (boa capacidade) e 2,0% dos indivíduos apresentaram baixa autopercepção (baixa capacidade). Hipertensões arteriais (30,7%) e fibromas (12,4%) foram, respectivamente, as doenças sistêmicas e bucais mais prevalentes. Conclusão: Embora os cuidados e as orientações para uma adequada saúde dos idosos continuem aquém do desejado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, esses indivíduos majoritariamente apresentaram uma boa autopercepção da saúde bucal.

Objective:Evaluate the self-perception of the elderly with respect to their own oral health and anamnesis including systemic and oral disorders.Methods: The sample consisted of 52 elderly aged 60 to 90 years attending the Open University of the Third Age, São José dos Campos, School of Dentistry of Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index questionnaire was used to assess how the elderly perceived their own oral condition,followed by anamnesis and clinical intra-oral exams to establish systemic and oral disorders.Results: Descriptive statistical analysis showed that 86.0% of the elderly had high self-perception of their own oral condition (optimum capacity); 12.0% had average self-perception good capacity); and 2.0% of individuals presented low self-perception (low perception).Hypertension (30.7%) and fibromas (12.4%) were the most prevalent systemic and oral disorders, respectively.Conclusion: Although care and advice for appropriate elderly health continue far from the expected by the World Health Organization, these individuals in general have good selfperception of oral health.

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INTRODUCTION: The study of the Divine Proportion (Φ = 1.618) began with the Greeks, having as main researchers the mathematician Pythagoras and the sculptor Phidias. In Dentistry, Ricketts (1981-82) was an early to study this issue. OBJECTIVE: This study proposed to evaluate how some cephalometric measures are presented in relation to the Divine Proportion, with the total of 52 proportions, formed by 28 cephalometric landmarks. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 40 Class II adults patients aging from 17 to 45 years (13 male and 27 female) were evaluated. The linear distances between the landmarks were measured using Radiocef Studio software. RESULTS: After statistical analysis, the data shown an average of 65,48% in the Divine Proportion, 17,5% in the relation Ans-Op/V1S-DM16 and 97,5% in the relations Na-Me/Na-PoNa e Na-PoNa/Na-Gn. CONCLUSION: Among all cephalometric measurements investigated, the lower facial third and the dental arches showed the smallest percentages of Divine Proportion.

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Maxillary antrolithiasis is characterized by masses of tissue of endogenous or exogenous origin that calcify within the maxillary sinuses. Aspergillosis is a fungal disease in which the maxillary sinus is a primary site of infection. Aspergillosis mycetoma, its noninvasive form, is the most prevalent modality of the disease in the maxillary sinuses. In approximately half of the cases reported in the literature, calcification of the fungal mycelia, which later became antroliths, was verified. This article reports a rare case of the accidental discovery of a maxillary antrolith associated with noninvasive aspergillosis in an immunocompetent and asymptomatic 56-year-old woman. The diagnosis and therapeutic procedures used in treating the patient are discussed as well as the probable iatrogenic origin of the fungal pathology.

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The influence of creatine (Cr) supplementation on cortical and trabecular bone from ovariectomized rats was studied using FT-Raman spectroscopy. The intensity of organic-phase Raman bands was compared to mineral phase ones. Twenty-one female Wistar rats aged 3 months were divided into three groups (n = 7 per group): ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized treated with creatine (CRE) and sham-operated (SHAM) groups. Creatine supplementation (300 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was provided for 8 weeks, starting 12 weeks after ovariectomy. FT-Raman spectroscopy was performed on the right medial femoral mid-shaft (cortical bone) and third lumbar vertebral body (trabecular bone). The integrated intensities of mineral phase (phosphate and carbonate bands at 959 and 1,071 cm(-1), respectively) and organic phase (amide I band at 1,665 cm(-1)) Raman bands were analyzed. The mineral-to-matrix (phosphate/amide I), carbonate-to-phosphate, and carbonate-to-amide I ratios were analyzed to assess bone quality. The phosphate content on trabecular bone was higher in the CRE group than the OVX group (p < 0.05). No significant changes in mineral or organic phases on cortical bone were observed. A radiographic assessment of bone density was encouraging as the same findings were showed by Raman intensity of phosphate from cortical (r(2) = 0.8037) and trabecular bones (r(2) = 0.915). Severe ovariectomy-induced bone loss was confirmed by FT-Raman spectroscopy. The results suggest that the chemical composition of trabecular bone tissue may be positively influenced by Cr supplementation after ovariectomy.

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