RESUMO
The determination of measurements of teeth facilitates various procedures in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total length and the area of the non-extracted upper central incisors (UCI). Periapical radiographies of 42 UCI were placed over a lighted box. The outlines of the teeth and the pulp cavity were traced onto sheets and then measured using an image analyzer. The area of the upper left central incisor tooth (tooth 21) was statistically significantly larger in males than in females (p = 0.02). The total length of the right UCI was similar to that of the left one. This study demonstrates that computer-assisted morphometry is an important tool for the evaluation of the total length and areas of teeth and their pulp cavities. The significantly larger area of tooth 21 in males compared to females has anthropomorphic and clinical implications.
Assuntos
Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Incisivo/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Cavidade Pulpar/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Even though there are clinical studies emphasizing the diagnosis and the perinatal intercurrent diseases of the Hypertensive Syndromes in Pregnancy, few of these studies establish the clinical forms of the specific hypertensive syndromes with the associated morphological placental alterations. The lack of studies on placental morphology and the etiopathogenesis of the different clinical standards for HSP, together with the need to objectively characterize these morphological placental lesions justify this study. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was carried out with 91 placentas examined throughout the period from 2000 to 2003. All placentas from patients presenting HSP in this period were included in the study. These were classified according to features well established by the literature such as laboratory and clinical criteria into: gestational hypertension (GH), chronic hypertension (CH), pre-eclampsia (PE) and pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (PSCH). RESULTS: The number of knots presented a positive correlation with the length of time and severity of the hypertension during gestation (Spearman correlation: 0.253; P = 0.0158). The fibrin deposit was greater in all HSP groups but the pattern of distribution changes in the most severe cases from perivillous to intravillous as in the PSCH group (P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in the area of the stem vessel walls among the groups. The cases with PE and CH presented a larger number of terminal villi vessels (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This report suggests, that although they could be different types of hypertension or an evaluation of the same disease, the final pathway that leads to microscopic lesions in the placenta is the same, with only different intensity due to the severity of the disease.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/patologia , Placenta/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Fibrina/metabolismo , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Hipertensão/patologia , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
We report a female patient who developed severe Cushing's disease during the fifth month of life due to a basophilic pituitary adenoma Histological findings showed a basophilic microadenoma of the pituitary gland, leading to the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. The infant died because of untreatable septic shock. The importance of the present report resides in the age of the child at diagnosis, and that it was the necropsy finding of microadenoma which clarified the cause of the Cushing's syndrome, since it was not diagnosed during life. Cushing's disease is most often diagnosed in children older than 7 years, and our patient was only 5 months old when we detected the pituitary adenoma, the earliest case diagnosed so far. Cushing's syndrome in pediatric patients has been rarely reported and most cases are due to functioning adrenal tumors, usually a malignant carcinoma but occasionally a benign adenoma. The present case shows that the pituitary of these patients should be investigated with important implications in terms of therapeutic approaches, such as pituitary radiotherapy, which can cure the patient when treatment is started very soon.
Assuntos
Adenoma Basófilo/complicações , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH/etiologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Adenoma Basófilo/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Lactente , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologiaRESUMO
The Budd-Chiari syndrome has not been described in young patients with gastric cancer. A case of Budd-Chiari syndrome and carcinomatous Iymphangitis is reported in a 28 years-old white man with unsuspected gastric cancer, presenting jaundice, hematemesis and dyspnea. Autopsy disciosed gastric adenocarcinoma invading vessels of the submucous and serous layers, with gastric and intestinal bleeding, liver and lung metastases. Multiple mixed (fibrin, platelets and tumor cells) microthrombi were observed in small pulmonary blood vessels, and both subpleural Iymph vessels and lung interstitium contained metastatic tumor cells.
Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari , Neoplasias Gástricas , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologiaRESUMO
Com o aumento dos métodos invasivos que são utilizados para o diagnóstico de doencas do trato respiratório é de se esperar que as alteracões das pregas vestibulares (PV) sejam mais freqüentes. Além disso, recentemente tem sido discutida a importância das PV na protecão do organismo contra agentes infecciosos e pouco se sabe sobre as lesões microscópicas em pacientes autopsiados, pois o estudo das cordas vocais não é rotina no exame post mortem. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as alteracões microscópicas das pregas vestibulares e realizar a sua relacão com as causas de óbito e doenca de base de adultos autopsiados. FORMA DE ESTUDO: coorte transversal. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas microscopicamente 82 laringes coletadas de adultos autopsiados sendo realizada a coloracão da Hematoxilina-eosina para visualizar as alteracões morfológicas microscópicas das PV. RESULTADOS: Das 82 PV analisadas, observamos que 42 (51 por cento) apresentaram reacão inflamatória, sendo esta a única lesão encontrada. Quinze (18,3 por cento) casos apresentaram hiperplasia dos folículos linfóides, onze (13,4 por cento) casos infiltrado inflamatório difuso intenso e 16 (19,5 por cento), reacão inflamatória aguda. As doencas de base mais freqüentemente encontradas foram as do grupo de doencas do aparelho circulatório 31 (37,8 por cento) e nestas 20 (67,8 por cento) apresentavam reacão inflamatória das PV. As doencas infecciosas foram a causa de morte mais freqüente nos pacientes com reacão inflamatória das pregas vestibulares. CONCLUSAO: Além da funcão anatômica as PV parecem possuir uma funcão imunológica em relacão à infecccão das vias aéreas inferiores. Nosso estudo demonstrou a presenca de reacão inflamatória nas cordas vocais em pacientes com doencas infecciosas como causa de morte, podendo este achado estar relacionado com o processo séptico generalizado que levou o indivíduo à morte ou ser uma das formas do organismo prevenir a penetracão de agentes infecciosos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Causas de Morte , Prega Vocal/patologia , Autopsia , Circulação Sanguínea/fisiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Transmissíveis/patologia , Doenças Parasitárias/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prega Vocal/imunologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The increase in invasive methods currently applied to diagnosis airway upper tract infection leads to a possible increase in vestibular folds (VF) lesions. Besides, VF importance in the prevention of the organism against infection pathogens had been stressed and few studies had addressed the microscopic lesions of the VF in autopsied patients because there is no routine VF examination in the postmortem exam. AIM: The aim of this study is morphological microscopic analyses of the VF from autopsied patients and its correlation with basic disease and cause of death. STUDY DESIGN: Transversal cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We studied 82 larynges collected during the autopsy exam and performed the Hematoxylin -eosin method for morphological analyses. RESULTS: From the 82 vestibular folds analyzed we observe that 42 (51%) showed an inflammatory reaction. In fifteen (18.3%) vestibular folds we found lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, in eleven (13.4%) diffuse inflammatory infiltrate and in sixteen (19.5%) acute inflammatory reactions. Circulatory diseases were the most frequently underlying diseases found, 31 (37.8%) and from these 20 (67.8%) presented associated vestibular folds inflammatory reaction. The infection diseases were the most frequently cause of death among the patients with inflammatory reaction of the VF. CONCLUSION: Besides the anatomic function, VF seem to have a immunological function preventing lower airway infections. Our study demonstrated inflammatory PV reactions in patients with infections diseases as cause of death; this finding could be a consequence of the sepsis that leads the patient to death or a different way used by the organism to prevent infection.
Assuntos
Causas de Morte , Prega Vocal/patologia , Autopsia , Circulação Sanguínea/fisiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Doenças Transmissíveis/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Parasitárias/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prega Vocal/imunologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is the morphological and morphometric analysis of the basement membrane amniotic epithelium of the chorionic plate to establish possible correlation between the basement membrane amniotic epithelium thickening and maternal and fetal disorders. STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-one placentas of infants delivered in Medical Hospital School were studied with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) methods, morphometric and ultrastructural analysis. RESULTS: Of the 91 placentas analyzed, 17 (18.6%) were normal with regard to placental morphology, fetal and maternal history. Basement membrane amniotic epithelium thickening was significantly greater in the cases associated with chorioamnionitis (P=0.013), villitis (P=0.040), maternal hypertension syndromes during pregnancy (P=0.027) and stillborn (P=0.040) babies. The electron microscopic examination of the basement membrane amniotic epithelium identified a structural alteration and edema of the dense lamina. CONCLUSION: Thickening of the basement membrane amniotic epithelium was associated with morphologic placental abnormalities and/or fetal or maternal disorders. Thickening of the basement membrane amniotic epithelium was identified away from the site of placental inflammation, possibly being a consequence of cytokines, supporting more than a local effect. This could be a new insight into the pathogenesis of fetal and maternal complications associated with inflammatory placental lesions.
Assuntos
Âmnio/patologia , Membrana Basal/patologia , Doenças Fetais/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Doenças Placentárias/patologia , Complicações na Gravidez/patologia , Adulto , Corioamnionite/patologia , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Hipertensão/patologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , GravidezRESUMO
A Síndrome da Morte Súbita da Infância (SIDS) é uma entidade ainda pouco diagnosticada em nosso meio, mas que se constitui na principal causa de morte no primeiro ano de vida, nos países industrializados. Acomete crianças aparentemente hígidas, bem nutridas e cuidadas, no primeiro ano de vida, porém com nítido pico entre o terceiro (3º) e o quarto (4º) mês de vida. Nesta revisäo, procuramos mostrar a evoluçäo histórica desta síndrome, bem como analisar as principais hipóteses e fatores de risco ligados a ela, além de mostrar o panorama atual no Brasil e no mundo.