RESUMO
Neospora caninum is one of the most important causes of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. The distribution of N. caninum in tissues of adult cattle is unknown and the parasite has not been demonstrated histologically in tissues of cows. In the present study the distribution of N. caninum in different tissues of adult cattle was evaluated by bioassays in dogs. Seventeen dogs (2-3 month-old) were fed different tissues of 4 naturally exposed adult cattle (indirect fluorescent antibody test N. caninum titer ≥ 400): 5 were fed with masseter; 5 with heart, 3 with liver, 4 with brain, and 3 pups were used as non-infected control. Two dogs fed masseter, 2 fed heart, 1 fed liver, and 3 fed brain shed oocysts, and all dogs presented no seroconvertion to N. caninum during the observation period of 4 weeks. The oocysts were confirmed as N. caninum based on the detection of N. caninum-specific DNA by PCR and sequencing. The results indicate that dogs can be infected by N. caninum with different tissues of infected cattle.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Neospora/fisiologia , Oocistos/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/transmissão , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/transmissão , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , CãesRESUMO
O presente estudo determinou a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em ovinos do Município de Monte Negro, RO. Foram examinados soros de 141 ovinos de raça, idade e sexo variados provenientes de 15 fazendas, pela técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica. Doze (80,0%) propriedades apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente. Títulos de anticorpos iguais ou superiores a 100 foram detectados em 47 (33,3%) animais, e os sorovares mais frequentes foram Patoc (29,7%), Autumnalis (14,8%), Pyrogenes (10,6%), Australis (4,2%), Bratislava (4,2%), Hardjo (4,2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (4,2%), Castellonis (2,1%) e Hebdomadis (2,1%). Em 11 (23,4%) soros não foi possível a determinação do provável sorovar envolvido na reação. Alerta-se também para a possibilidade de infecção no homem, tendo em vista as características regionais de fronteira agrícola amazônica.
The present study determined the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp.antibodies in 141 ovines from 15 farms of the Monte Negro Municipality, Rondonia State, Brazil, by the microscopic agglutination test. Twelve (80.0%) farms presented at least 1 reactive animal. Antibodies titers of ? 100 were detected in 47 (33.3%) animals, the most frequent serovars being Patoc (29.7%), Autumnalis (14.8%), Pyrogenes (10.6%), Australis (4.2%), Bratislava (4.2%), Hardjo (4.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (4.2%), Castellonis (2.1%) and Hebdomadis (2.1%). In 11 (23.4%) sera it was not possible to determine the most frequent serovar involved. The results raise a warning as to the possibility of infection in the human being by Leptospira in light of the regional characteristics of the Amazon agricultural frontier.
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/imunologia , Leptospirose/sangue , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Testes de Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Ecossistema AmazônicoRESUMO
ABSTRACT The present study determined the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp.antibodies in 141 ovines from 15 farms of the Monte Negro Municipality, Rondonia State, Brazil, by the microscopic agglutination test. Twelve (80.0%) farms presented at least 1 reactive animal. Antibodies titers of ? 100 were detected in 47 (33.3%) animals, the most frequent serovars being Patoc (29.7%), Autumnalis (14.8%), Pyrogenes (10.6%), Australis (4.2%), Bratislava (4.2%), Hardjo (4.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (4.2%), Castellonis (2.1%) and Hebdomadis (2.1%). In 11 (23.4%) sera it was not possible to determine the most frequent serovar involved. The results raise a warning as to the possibility of infection in the human being by Leptospira in light of the regional characteristics of the Amazon agricultural frontier.
RESUMO O presente estudo determinou a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em ovinos do Município de Monte Negro, RO. Foram examinados soros de 141 ovinos de raça, idade e sexo variados provenientes de 15 fazendas, pela técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica. Doze (80,0%) propriedades apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente. Títulos de anticorpos iguais ou superiores a 100 foram detectados em 47 (33,3%) animais, e os sorovares mais frequentes foram Patoc (29,7%), Autumnalis (14,8%), Pyrogenes (10,6%), Australis (4,2%), Bratislava (4,2%), Hardjo (4,2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (4,2%), Castellonis (2,1%) e Hebdomadis (2,1%). Em 11 (23,4%) soros não foi possível a determinação do provável sorovar envolvido na reação. Alerta-se também para a possibilidade de infecção no homem, tendo em vista as características regionais de fronteira agrícola amazônica.
RESUMO
Foram testados, pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica aplicada à leptospirose, 329 cães provenientes do município de Monte Negro, RO, dos quais 156 eram da área urbana e 173 da área rural. Simultaneamente foi aplicado questionário para verificar a existência de possíveis fatores de risco pela regressão logística. Abordaram-se questões referentes a idade, sexo, dieta, tipo de criação, ambiente, contato com outras espécies e hábito de caça. Foram detectadas reações com títulos >100 em 27,3%, com 90 cães positivos ao agente, das quais 23,7% eram da área (37/156) urbana e 30,6% (53/173), da área rural (P>0,05). Os sorovares predominantes, reatores com títulos mais elevados, foram Autumnalis (22%), Pyrogenes (12%), Canicola (10%) e Shermani (7,5%). Cães com idade acima de 12 meses apresentaram maior ocorrência de anticorpos quando comparados aos cães mais jovens (P<0,05). Dentre os fatores de risco analisados, foram significativos a alimentação (dieta à base de ração comercial - odds ratio: 3,3; intervalo de confiança: 95%: 1,2 9,2; P=0,02) e o sexo (macho - odds ratio: 2,3; intervalo de confiança: 95%: 1,3 3,9; P=0,003). Ressalta-se a ocorrência de reações para sorovares mantidos na natureza por animais silvestres.(AU)
The microscopic agglutination test was applied to 329 samples taken from 156 dogs from urban area and 173 from rural areas of Monte Negro County, Rondônia State, Brazil, to determine anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. A survey was concomitantly done to detect eventual risk factors thru the use of logistic regression. Studied variables were age, sex, diet, management, environment, contact with other species and hunting habit. Titers >100 were detected in 27.3% (90/329) of the dogs, being 23.7% (37/156) urban and 30.6% (53/173) rural dogs. The most frequent serovars were Autumnalis (22.0%), Pyrogenes (12.0%), Canicola (10.0%) and Shermani (7.5%). Dogs older than 12 months showed higher positive frequencies than younger animals (P<0.05). Risk factor were associated with commercial food as compared to homemade food (odds ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval : 1.3 3.9; P=0.02) and associated with sex, with higher occurrence in males than in females (odds ratio: 2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.3 3.9; P=0.003). It was emphasized the serological occurrence of serovars kept and spread in nature by wild animals.(AU)
Assuntos
Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , CãesRESUMO
Foram testados, pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica aplicada à leptospirose, 329 cães provenientes do município de Monte Negro, RO, dos quais 156 eram da área urbana e 173 da área rural. Simultaneamente foi aplicado questionário para verificar a existência de possíveis fatores de risco pela regressão logística. Abordaram-se questões referentes a idade, sexo, dieta, tipo de criação, ambiente, contato com outras espécies e hábito de caça. Foram detectadas reações com títulos >100 em 27,3 por cento, com 90 cães positivos ao agente, das quais 23,7 por cento eram da área (37/156) urbana e 30,6 por cento (53/173), da área rural (P>0,05). Os sorovares predominantes, reatores com títulos mais elevados, foram Autumnalis (22 por cento), Pyrogenes (12 por cento), Canicola (10 por cento) e Shermani (7,5 por cento). Cães com idade acima de 12 meses apresentaram maior ocorrência de anticorpos quando comparados aos cães mais jovens (P<0,05). Dentre os fatores de risco analisados, foram significativos a alimentação (dieta à base de ração comercial - odds ratio: 3,3; intervalo de confiança: 95 por cento: 1,2 - 9,2; P=0,02) e o sexo (macho - odds ratio: 2,3; intervalo de confiança: 95 por cento: 1,3 - 3,9; P=0,003). Ressalta-se a ocorrência de reações para sorovares mantidos na natureza por animais silvestres.
The microscopic agglutination test was applied to 329 samples taken from 156 dogs from urban area and 173 from rural areas of Monte Negro County, Rondônia State, Brazil, to determine anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. A survey was concomitantly done to detect eventual risk factors thru the use of logistic regression. Studied variables were age, sex, diet, management, environment, contact with other species and hunting habit. Titers >100 were detected in 27.3 percent (90/329) of the dogs, being 23.7 percent (37/156) urban and 30.6 percent (53/173) rural dogs. The most frequent serovars were Autumnalis (22.0 percent), Pyrogenes (12.0 percent), Canicola (10.0 percent) and Shermani (7.5 percent). Dogs older than 12 months showed higher positive frequencies than younger animals (P<0.05). Risk factor were associated with commercial food as compared to homemade food (odds ratio: 3.3; 95 percent confidence interval : 1.3 - 3.9; P=0.02) and associated with sex, with higher occurrence in males than in females (odds ratio: 2.3; 95 percent confidence interval: 1.3 - 3.9; P=0.003). It was emphasized the serological occurrence of serovars kept and spread in nature by wild animals.
Assuntos
Cães , Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in 84 free-range chickens (34 from the northern Pará state, and 50 from Rio Grande do Sul, the southern state) from Brazil, South America was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 39 (46.4%) of 84 chickens with titers of 1:10 in one, 1:20 in two, 1:40 in four, 1:80 in seven, 1:160 in five, 1:320 in six, 1:640 in eight and > or =1:1280 in six. Hearts and brains of 45 chickens with titers of 1:20 or less were pooled and fed to two T. gondii-free cats. Hearts and brains of 39 chickens with titers of 1:10 or higher were bioassayed in mice. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. One cat fed tissues from 31 chickens with titers of less than 1:10 from Rio Grande do Sul shed T. gondii oocysts. T. gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 33 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or higher. All infected mice from 10 isolates died of toxoplasmosis. All 34 isolates (15 from Pará, 19 from Rio Grande do Sul) were genotyped using 11 genetic markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, a new SAG2 and Apico. Eleven genotypes were revealed for Pará isolates and seven genotypes for Rio Grande do Sul. No genotype was shared between the two geographical locations. These data suggest that T. gondii isolates are highly diverse and genetically distinct between the two different regions in Brazil that are 3500 km apart.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Variação Genética , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Bioensaio/veterinária , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Gatos , Genótipo , Coração/parasitologia , Camundongos , Filogenia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasma/patogenicidade , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT The seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and the possible associated risk factors were estimated for 2,109 adult cows in Monte Negro county, State of Rondônia, Brazil. A questionnaire was completed for each farm where cattle were sampled. Laboratory tests were Rose-Bengal Agglutination, Standard Tube agglutination, and Mercaptoethanol. The adjusted overall prevalence of Brucella spp. seropositive cows for Monte Negro county was 15% and at least 54 herds (63%) were positive. A logistic regression analysis suggested that the herd size of more than 25 cows and the presence of pigs were significant factors associated with the seropositivity (herd size: OD = 2.8; P=0.02; presence of pigs: OD = 2.5; P =0.04). Other significant variables associated to the infection, analysed by Chi-Square were the presence of seropositivity cows with the herd that were repeat breeders and birth of weak calves (P 0.05).
RESUMO A soroprevalência e os possíveis fatores de risco para a infecção por Brucella spp. foram estimados em 2.109 vacas do Município de Monte Negro, Rondônia. De cada animal selecionado foi coletado soro sangüíneo e para as propriedades envolvidas foi preenchido um questionário. As amostras coletadas foram analisadas pelas provas de Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado corado com Rosa Bengala, Soroalgutinação Lenta em Tubos e 2-Mercaptoetanol. A prevalência total da infecção por Brucella spp. em vacas no Município de Monte Negro foi de 15%, sendo 54 (63%) fazendas com animais reagentes. A regressão logística sugeriu que rebanhos com mais de 25 vacas (OD = 2,8; P = 0,02) e a presença de suínos (OD = 2,5; P = 0,04) foram fatores associados a soropositividade dos bovinos. Outras variáveis associadas à infecção pelo teste do Qui-Quadrado foram repetição de cio e nascimento de bezerros enfermos (P 0,05).
RESUMO
Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 63 cats and 80 pigs from 71 farms located at Rondônia State, Western Amazon, Brazil, by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies (MAT > or = 1: 25) were found in 55 of 63 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 2, 1:100 in 7, 1:200 in 1, 1:400 in 2, 1:800 in 9, 1:1,600 in 6, and 1:3,200 or higher in 26 cats. By IFAT, antibodies were found in 55 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 1, 1:100 in 4, 1:200 in 4, 1: 400 in 1, 1:800 in 13, 1:1,600 in 12, and 1:3,200 or higher in 18 cats. In pig sera, by MAT, antibodies were found in 30 of 80 pigs (37.5%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 3, 1:100 in 2, 1:200 in 8, 1:400 in 3, 1:800 in 5, 1:1,600 in 3, and 1:3,200 or higher in 4 pigs. By using the IFAT (titers > or = 1:64), antibodies were found in 35 (43.7%) pigs. The ingestion of undercooked tissues of infected pigs can be a source of T. gondii infection for humans and cats. However, the high seroprevalence of T. gondii in cats from the Amazon seems most likely to be indicative of high contamination of the environment by oocysts.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Testes de Aglutinação/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Gatos , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 266 humans from 71 farms located at Rondônia State, Western Amazon, Brazil, by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies were found in 195 humans (73.3%), with MAT titers of 1:25 in 11, 1:50 in 11, 1:100 in 16, 1:200 in 27, 1:400 in 38, 1:800 in 37, 1:1,600 in 22, and 1:3,200 or higher in 33. From the 71 farms visited, 69 had seropositive humans. Prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies increased with age of the people (P < 0.05), and no difference was observed in the occurrence by gender (P > 0.05). A sanitary questionnaire was applied in each farm, and statistical association between the serologic status and several variables were analyzed. Home-grown vegetable consumption and origin of drinking water (well or river) were the independent variables that displayed significant association (P = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). Higher values of occurrence were found in people with consumption of home-grown vegetables (76.1%) and people that drink well water (75.4%) compared with people that did not consume this type of food (61.9%) and drink river water (55.2%). By IFAT (> or = 1:16), 194 of 266 (73%) humans were seropositive and there was a good correlation between MAT and IFAT.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Testes de Aglutinação , Análise de Variância , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , População Rural , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distribuição por Sexo , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Sera from swine fromfamily-employed farms in Monte Negro County, state of Rondônia, Brazil, were evaluated againstbacterial and viral agents. Brucellosis was evaluated by Rose-Bengal agglutination (RBA), standard tube agglutination (STA), and mercaptoethanol (ME); and leptospirosis by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 24 leptospira serovars. Anti-porcine parvovirus antibodies were tested by haemmaglutination inhibition assay, and ELISA technique was used for detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus and Aujeszky disease virus. Only 1 (0.9%) from 104 tested sera reacted by RBA, and no samples reacted in STA and ME. Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 29 (32.9%) of 88 tested sera and the most frequent serovars detected were Castellonis, Bratislava and Canicola. Antibodies against porcine parvovirus were detected in 7.7% (8/104) of the sera. None of the examined samples reacted to classical swine fever virus or Aujeszky disease virus.
RESUMO Foram avaliados soros de suínos provenientes de propriedades rurais que desenvolvem agricultura familiar no Município de Monte Negro, Rondônia, frente a agentes bacterianos e virais. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra Brucella spp., foram utilizados o Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT), a Soroaglutinação Lenta em Tubos (SAL) e a prova do 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME). Para a pesquisa de Leptospira spp. utilizou-se a Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM) contra 24 sorovares de leptospira. Anticorpos contra Parvovírus Suíno (PVS) foram pesquisados pela Inibição da Hemaglutinação (IH), enquanto que o vírus da Peste Suína Clássica (PSC) e da Doença de Aukeszky (DA) por Ensaio Imunoenzimático (ELISA). Apenas uma (0,9%) das 104 amostras testadas foi reagente na AAT e nenhuma na SAL e 2-ME. Para Leptospira spp. foram testados 88 soros, sendo detectados anticorpos em 29 amostras (32,9%) e os sorovares mais freqüentes foram Castellonis, Bratislava e Canicola. Foram detectados anticorpos contra PVS em 7,7% (8/104) dos soros testados. Nenhuma amostra foi reagente para PSC e DA.