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Background: In ruminants, the weaning period is a critical phase, because these young animals are allocated to variousfacilities and receive different feeds. Alternatively, supplements and additives can be used. The tannins are polyphenolsproduced by plants; constitute a group of complex secondary metabolic factors that inhibit the consumption by herbivoresor the development of microbial agents. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of condensedtannin extract from quebracho trees (Schinopsis lorentzii) in lamb diets after weaning would have beneficial effects ongrowth and health.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty lambs were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (10 lambs/treatment): T1 (0%;control), T2, T3, and T4 was 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 % of quebracho extract in the diet, respectively. The T2 (0.3%) lambs hadgreater body condition scores (P = 0.005), and although they did not differ significantly, they had numerically greaterbody weight (P = 0.067) and weight gain (P = 0.072), than the control lambs. The anthelmintic and anticoccidial effectwas not possible to verify because no animals in any group were naturally infected by helminths or coccidia. The T4lambs had greater numbers of erythrocytes (days 10 and 40) [P < 0.05], greater hemoglobin concentrations (days 10and 40), and greater numbers of total leukocytes (day 10) as a result of greater numbers of neutrophil at the end of theadaptation period (day 10) compared to T1. The T3 and T4 lambs had greater (P < 0.05) serum total protein (days 10and 40) because of greater concentration of serum globulins (days 10 and 40) compared to T1, suggesting that the addition of tannin stimulated the immune system. The addition of quebracho in the diet affected serum concentrations ofglucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol at some times and treatments (P < 0.05). However, these changes did not followa pattern...(AU)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy cows, as well as to verify the risk factors for N. caninum infection and inflammatory response in dairy cows. Using the indirect immunofluorescence reaction, the seroprevalence of neosporosis was determined to be 32.82%. Based on regression analysis, the presence of dogs at a farm increased the probability of a cow testing positive for N. caninum (OR = 20.01 [5.21-123.12]). These data suggest that N. caninum has a relevant prevalence in dairy cows of the Microregion of Rio do Sul (Brazil), with elevated frequencies of anti-N. caninum IgG. The data also suggest that the parasite is widely distributed in dairy herds of the micro-region, because 94.4% of properties screened had at least one seropositive animal. The principal risk factors for disease maintenance in herds may be considered the presence of dogs and absence of a diagnostic test when introducing new animals. Blood from these cows was used to measure variables related to the inflammatory response. Serum cholinesterase activity, as well as serum levels of globulins and C-reactive protein were higher in seropositive to N. caninum than in seronegative cows. Furthermore, the infection by parasite causes an intense inflammatory process, contributing to disease pathophysiology.

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RESUMO

Background: In ruminants, the weaning period is a critical phase, because these young animals are allocated to variousfacilities and receive different feeds. Alternatively, supplements and additives can be used. The tannins are polyphenolsproduced by plants; constitute a group of complex secondary metabolic factors that inhibit the consumption by herbivoresor the development of microbial agents. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of condensedtannin extract from quebracho trees (Schinopsis lorentzii) in lamb diets after weaning would have beneficial effects ongrowth and health.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty lambs were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (10 lambs/treatment): T1 (0%;control), T2, T3, and T4 was 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 % of quebracho extract in the diet, respectively. The T2 (0.3%) lambs hadgreater body condition scores (P = 0.005), and although they did not differ significantly, they had numerically greaterbody weight (P = 0.067) and weight gain (P = 0.072), than the control lambs. The anthelmintic and anticoccidial effectwas not possible to verify because no animals in any group were naturally infected by helminths or coccidia. The T4lambs had greater numbers of erythrocytes (days 10 and 40) [P < 0.05], greater hemoglobin concentrations (days 10and 40), and greater numbers of total leukocytes (day 10) as a result of greater numbers of neutrophil at the end of theadaptation period (day 10) compared to T1. The T3 and T4 lambs had greater (P < 0.05) serum total protein (days 10and 40) because of greater concentration of serum globulins (days 10 and 40) compared to T1, suggesting that the addition of tannin stimulated the immune system. The addition of quebracho in the diet affected serum concentrations ofglucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol at some times and treatments (P < 0.05). However, these changes did not followa pattern...

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Background: Gastrointestinal nematode infections are a major problem for sheep production, leading to large economic losses as a result of the high costs for prevention and treatment. In helminthiasis, the most common clinical signs are weight loss, submandibular edema, diarrhea, and anemia. Among the many nematodes, stands out in the Brazilian states Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, as well as these parasites have developed a number of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-benefit of different antihelminthic protocols in naturally infected sheep.Material, Methods & Results: The study was conducted for one year in a sheep farm located in Southern Brazil. Three groups (A, B and C) with 10 adult sheep each were used. The group A was treated without drug rotation, and levamisole hydrochloride was used at intervals of 60 days. The group B was treated with levamisole hydrochloride at months 2, 4, 8 and 12 and albendazole at month 6 (antiparasitic treatment with pharmacological rotation). Animals from the group C were treated after selection by the Famacha method, which is based on the degree of anemia of their mucous ocular membranes. The results showed that the animals of the group C had lower values of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), and thus, they were treated more efficiently...

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RESUMO

Background: Gastrointestinal nematode infections are a major problem for sheep production, leading to large economic losses as a result of the high costs for prevention and treatment. In helminthiasis, the most common clinical signs are weight loss, submandibular edema, diarrhea, and anemia. Among the many nematodes, stands out in the Brazilian states Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, as well as these parasites have developed a number of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-benefit of different antihelminthic protocols in naturally infected sheep.Material, Methods & Results: The study was conducted for one year in a sheep farm located in Southern Brazil. Three groups (A, B and C) with 10 adult sheep each were used. The group A was treated without drug rotation, and levamisole hydrochloride was used at intervals of 60 days. The group B was treated with levamisole hydrochloride at months 2, 4, 8 and 12 and albendazole at month 6 (antiparasitic treatment with pharmacological rotation). Animals from the group C were treated after selection by the Famacha method, which is based on the degree of anemia of their mucous ocular membranes. The results showed that the animals of the group C had lower values of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), and thus, they were treated more efficiently...(AU)

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This study aims to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty four farms were analyzed in 17 different municipalities. Animals (n=217) from different production purposes (milk and meat) and age were randomly chosen. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum stored in plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in portable coolers at 10 °C. The technique of centrifugal flotation with saturated sugar solution was carried out in order to investigate the presence of eggs, cysts, and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites. In 88.9% of the investigated animals, it was observed that the presence of nematode eggs which belongs to the Strongylida order, after cultivation and larvae identification were identified as Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. Eggs of Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia, and Neoascaris genus were also observed. Additionally, the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. as well as cysts of Giardia spp., and Entamoeba spp. were verified. In all the farms evaluated, the animals showed a single or mixed infection, with the highest occurrence of helminths belonging to the Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus genus, as well as the protozoan Eimeria.

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This study aims to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty four farms were analyzed in 17 different municipalities. Animals (n=217) from different production purposes (milk and meat) and age were randomly chosen. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum stored in plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in portable coolers at 10 °C. The technique of centrifugal flotation with saturated sugar solution was carried out in order to investigate the presence of eggs, cysts, and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites. In 88.9% of the investigated animals, it was observed that the presence of nematode eggs which belongs to the Strongylida order, after cultivation and larvae identification were identified as Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. Eggs of Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia, and Neoascaris genus were also observed. Additionally, the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. as well as cysts of Giardia spp., and Entamoeba spp. were verified. In all the farms evaluated, the animals showed a single or mixed infection, with the highest occurrence of helminths belonging to the Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus genus, as well as the protozoan Eimeria.

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais que infectam caprinos na região Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram analisadas 24 propriedades localizadas em 17 municípios, totalizando 217 caprinos. Os animais de diferentes categorias de produção (leite ou carne) e idade foram escolhidos aleatoriamente. A coleta das fezes foi realizada diretamente da ampola retal dos animais, armazenadas em frascos plásticos e transportadas para o laboratório em caixas térmicas a 10 °C. A técnica de centrífugo-flutuação com solução saturada de açúcar foi utilizada para pesquisar a presença de ovos, cistos e oocistos de parasitos. Em 88,9% dos animais analisados foi verificada a presença de ovos de nematóides da ordem Strongylida e, após cultivo, foram identificadas larvas de Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp. e Oesophagostomum spp. Foram identificados também ovos de parasitos dos gêneros Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia e Neoascaris. A presença de oocistos de Eimeria spp. e Cryptosporidium spp., e cistos de Giardia spp., e Entamoeba spp. foram observadas. Em todas as propriedades avaliadas, os animais apresentavam infecções simples ou mistas, sendo a maior ocorrência de helmintos do gênero Haemonchus e Trichostrongylus, assim como pelo protozoário Eimeria.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aims to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty four farms were analyzed in 17 different municipalities. Animals (n=217) from different production purposes (milk and meat) and age were randomly chosen. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum stored in plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in portable coolers at 10 °C. The technique of centrifugal flotation with saturated sugar solution was carried out in order to investigate the presence of eggs, cysts, and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites. In 88.9% of the investigated animals, it was observed that the presence of nematode eggs which belongs to the Strongylida order, after cultivation and larvae identification were identified as Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. Eggs of Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia, and Neoascaris genus were also observed. Additionally, the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. as well as cysts of Giardia spp., and Entamoeba spp. were verified. In all the farms evaluated, the animals showed a single or mixed infection, with the highest occurrence of helminths belonging to the Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus genus, as well as the protozoan Eimeria.

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais que infectam caprinos na região Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram analisadas 24 propriedades localizadas em 17 municípios, totalizando 217 caprinos. Os animais de diferentes categorias de produção (leite ou carne) e idade foram escolhidos aleatoriamente. A coleta das fezes foi realizada diretamente da ampola retal dos animais, armazenadas em frascos plásticos e transportadas para o laboratório em caixas térmicas a 10 °C. A técnica de centrífugo-flutuação com solução saturada de açúcar foi utilizada para pesquisar a presença de ovos, cistos e oocistos de parasitos. Em 88,9% dos animais analisados foi verificada a presença de ovos de nematóides da ordem Strongylida e, após cultivo, foram identificadas larvas de Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp. e Oesophagostomum spp. Foram identificados também ovos de parasitos dos gêneros Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia e Neoascaris. A presença de oocistos de Eimeria spp. e Cryptosporidium spp., e cistos de Giardia spp., e Entamoeba spp. foram observadas. Em todas as propriedades avaliadas, os animais apresentavam infecções simples ou mistas, sendo a maior ocorrência de helmintos do gênero Haemonchus e Trichostrongylus, assim como pelo protozoário Eimeria.

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