RESUMO
La lepra, o enfermedad de Hansen (EH), es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa crónica de evolución lenta, causada por el bacilo Mycobacterium Leprae. Resulta un problema de salud importante en áreas endémicas con un gran impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Actualmente, se presenta como una causa infrecuente de neuropatía en nuestra región, pero su sospecha diagnóstica y su tratamiento precoz repercute a nivel pronóstico y funcional. Nuestro objetivo es analizar un caso único de Enfermedad de Hansen en nuestro país, haciendo enfoque en la presentación clínica y el abordaje médico-quirúrgico. Se presenta un paciente con un cuadro de debilidad progresiva de mano izquierda y una lesión de piel cronificada a nivel de codo, cuyos hallazgos clínicos, neurofisiológicos e imagenológicos fueron concordantes con una lesión del nervio cubital por atrapamiento en el conducto epitrócleo-olecraneano. La anatomía patológica mostró un proceso granulomatoso crónico y la baciloscopia fue positiva para bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes con coloración de Hansel positiva, haciéndose diagnóstico de mononeuropatía cubital secundaria a infección por M. Leprae. Dada la severidad del compromiso nervioso, se realiza cirugía de nervio periférico con epineurotomía y descompresión nerviosa. En el caso de nuestro paciente con neuropatía cubital secundaria a enfermedad de Hansen, la cirugía descompresiva fue exitosa en el alivio del dolor, mostrándose como una opción terapéutica de relevancia en este tipo de pacientes(AU)
Leprosy, or Hansen disease, is a cronic infectious-contagious illness of slow progression that is caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium Leprae. It continues to be a major health problem in endemic areas and has a great impact on the quality of life of patients who suffer from it. It is currently presented as an infrequent cause of neuropathy in our region, but its diagnostic suspicion and therefore its early treatment have repercussions at the prognostic and functional level. Our goal is to analyze a unique case of Hansen's disease in our country, focusing on the clinical presentation and the medical-surgical approach. We present a patient with progressive weakness of the left hand and a chronic skin lesion at the level of the elbow, whose clinical, neurophysiological and imaging findings were consistent with an ulnar nerve injury due to entrapment in the epitrochlear-olecranon canal. The pathology showed a chronic granulomatous process; then bacilloscopy was performed, which was positive for acid-fast bacilli with positive Hansel staining, making a diagnosis of ulnar mononeuropathy secondary to infection by M. Leprae. Given the severity of the nerve involvement, peripheral nerve surgery with epineurotomy and nerve decompression was performed.In the case of our patient with ulnar neuropathy secondary to Hansen's disease, decompressive surgery was successful in relieving pain, proving to be a relevant therapeutic option in this type of patient
Assuntos
Hanseníase , Nervos Periféricos , Cirurgia Geral , Nervo Ulnar , Neuropatias UlnaresRESUMO
Factitious Cushing's syndrome is exceptionally rare. The diagnosis is challenging due to the interference of exogenous corticosteroids with cortisol immunoassays. We present a case of a 26 year old female that presented with clinical and biochemical features of Cushing's syndrome. She denied any exogenous corticosteroid use. She had a suppressed ACTH level with normal adrenal glands on CT scans. There was a paradoxical increase of cortisol with a 100% rise in 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) during the Liddle's test suggestive of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). However, basal UFC levels were within normal values, interpreted as an intermittent variation of cortisol secretion maybe due to cyclic Cushing's. At this point a synthetic glucocorticoid serum screening was ordered, which was denied by the administrators because the test was not available in our hospital. A positron emission tomography (PET)-CT using 18 F-Flurodeoxyglucose did not show any uptake in the adrenal glands. With the diagnosis of probable primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease a unilateral right adrenelectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed normal adrenal gland. A synthetic glucocorticoid serum screen by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) sent to Mayo Clinic lab revealed high levels of serum prednisone and prednisolone. In conclusion, factitious Cushing's syndrome is an important diagnosis to consider in patients being evaluated for hypercortisolism. Discordant hormonal test results as well as normal findings on adrenal glands on CT scan should raise suspicion of this entity, and prompt measurement of synthetic corticosteroids using LC-MS/MS.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/diagnóstico por imagem , Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/complicações , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/patologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/sangue , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Hidrocefalia/complicaçõesRESUMO
El quiste del ducto tirogloso intratiroideo (DTI) es una entidad extremadamente infrecuente, no encontrándose en la literatura estadísticas en incidencia. Objetivo: reportar un caso clínico de quiste de DTI, manifestado como nódulo solitario, de crecimiento progresivo, en un paciente adulto y revisión bibliográfica. Conclusión: el quiste del DTI es una entidad extremadamente infrecuente. Solo se encuentran descritos en la literatura reportes de casos. Debemos considerarlo dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de la patología estructural tiroidea.
Intra-thyroid thyroglossal duct cyst is an extremely rare entity, there being no incidence statistics in literature. Objective: to report the clinical case of intra-thyroid thyroglossal duct cyst, that presented as a solitary nodule of progressive growth in an adult patient, and to conduct a bibliographical review. Conclusion: intra-thyroid thyroglossal duct cyst is an extremely unusual entity. Only case reports were found in the literature. We need to consider this entity among the differential diagnostic of the thyroid structural pathology.
O cisto do ducto tireoglosso intratiroideo (DTI) é uma entidade extremamente infrequente, não se encontrando na literatura estatísticas sobre sua incidência. Objetivo: descrever um caso clínico de cisto DTI, manifestado como nódulo solitário, de crescimento progressivo em um paciente adulto, e revisão bibliográfica. Conclusão: o cisto de DTI é uma entidade extremamente infrequente. Na literatura somente estão disponíveis relatoss de casos. Deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial da patologia estrutural tireoidea.