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Abstract Introduction: Emotional intelligence is considered a protective and facilitating factor for physical and mental health. The aims of the present study are to define and compare an explanatory model of trait emotional intelligence, anxiety, stress and physical activity engagement, as well as to analyse existing relationships between the aforementioned variables as a function of gender. Method: The present study was descriptive and cross-sectional in nature, employing a sample of 2452 Spanish adolescents (age range = 13-16 years of age). A multi-group model of structural equations was developed which presented an excellent fit. Results: For both genders, a negative association was detected between emotional intelligence and anxiety levels. A direct positive association emerged between trait emotional intelligence and physical activity engagement, in addition to a positive association between anxiety and stress. In boys, a negative association existed between trait emotional intelligence and stress levels, as well as an indirect negative association between physical activity engagement and trait anxiety. In girls, an indirect negative association was observed between physical activity engagement and stress levels. Conclusions: Trait emotional intelligence is positively associated with physical activity engagement. Further, both variables are negatively associated with levels of anxiety and stress, with some differences emerging as a function of gender.
Resumen Introducción: La inteligencia emocional se considera un factor protector y facilitador de la salud física y mental. Por ello, los objetivos de este artículo son definir y contrastar un modelo explicativo sobre la inteligencia emocional rasgo, los niveles de ansiedad, el estrés y la práctica de actividad física, así como analizar las relaciones existentes entre dichas variables en función del género. Método: Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal con una muestra de 2452 adolescentes españoles de ambos géneros (rango de edad = 13 a 16 años). Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales multigrupo que se ajustó de forma excelente. Resultados: En ambos géneros, se encuentra una asociación negativa entre inteligencia emocional rasgo y niveles de ansiedad; una asociación positiva y directa entre inteligencia emocional rasgo y práctica de actividad física, así como una asociación positiva entre la ansiedad y estrés. En hombres existe una asociación negativa entre inteligencia emocional rasgo y niveles de estrés, así como una asociación negativa e indirecta entre la práctica de actividad física y la ansiedad rasgo. En mujeres se observa una asociación negativa e indirecta entre práctica de actividad física y los niveles de estrés. Conclusiones: La inteligencia emocional rasgo se asocia positivamente con la práctica de actividad física, ambas variables se asocian de forma negativa con los niveles de ansiedad y estrés y se encuentran algunas diferencias en función del género.
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The aim of the present research was to analyse the relationships among physical self-concept, physical activity engagement and Mediterranean diet adherence in a sample of 1650 secondary school students from the province of Granada. The study design was descriptive-exploratory, cross-sectional and ex post facto. Measurements were taken from a single group. The PSQ, PAQ-A and KIDMED questionnaires were used to measure diet quality. Results showed the presence of a positive relationship among all dimensions of physical self-concept and physical activity engagement, with better outcomes being achieved in this self-perception with increasing engagement in sport. With regard to diet quality and its repercussions on physical self-concept, it was highlighted that the dimensions of the general self-concept, physical attractiveness and strength tended to be more positive as quality improved. In contrast, worse outcomes were produced in those with a low-quality diet. In this way, it was deemed necessary to continue investigating psychosocial factors with the aim of clarifying the relationships with psychological factors and health indicators. This would enable the development of prevention and intervention programs focused on promoting wellbeing in adolescents.
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School burnout constitutes a current phenomenon which generates diverse negative consequences in the personal and academic lives of students. Given this situation, it is necessary to develop actions that permit us to regulate this harmful mental state and that are administered from within the school context. A descriptive and cross-sectional study is presented that pursues the objective of examining a structural equation model which brings together burnout and emotional regulation. The model assumes that students receive tutoring at school in order to tackle these types of problems. For this, the sample constituted a total of 569 students from the province of Granada (men = 52.3% (n = 298); women = 47.7% (n = 271)). Mean age was reported as 10.39 ± 0.95 years and the School Burnout Inventory (BMI) and the Emotional Regulation Scale were utilized as the principal instruments. As main findings it was observed that students who received one hour of weekly tutoring showed a positive relationship between expressive suppression as a strategy of emotional regulation, cynicism, and exhaustion as consequences of school burnout. In the same way, a direct association existed between burnout-related exhaustion and cognitive repair. Given that significant relationships could not be observed between these variables in students who do not receive tutoring, higher use of emotional regulation was confirmed amongst tutored students when faced with this negative mental state.
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Esgotamento Psicológico/epidemiologia , Regulação Emocional , Tutoria , Estudantes/psicologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Granada , Humanos , Masculino , Organizações , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El acoso escolar se ha convertido en una práctica común entre adolescentes y especialmente a través del cyberbullying. Estas prácticas generan graves problemas en un colectivo en desarrollo cognitivo, social y emocional, siendo esencial actuar preventivamente. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal en una muestra de 227 adolescentes de Melilla (España), el cual perseguía analizar las relaciones existentes entre bullying, cyberbullying y prácticas de trabajo cooperativo. Se emplean como principales instrumentos el test de cyberbullying (Garaigordobil, 2013)y un cuestionario de trabajo en equipo mediante validación de expertos. Los resultados revelan que el trabajo cooperativo es más elevado en las chicas, disminuyendo el mismo con la edad. El trabajo grupal se relacionó inversamente con las situaciones de acoso. También se observó que a mayor edad se sufre más victimización ligada a cyberbullying e incrementan las situaciones en las que se es agresor. Se concluye cómo el trabajo cooperativo en las aulas puede actuar preventivamente ante situaciones de acoso al ayudar a construir mejores relaciones entre pares e identidad de grupo
Bullying has become a common practice in the adolescent population, and especially through cyberbullying. These practices generate serious problems in this collective, especially in cognitive, social and emotional dimensions, being essential to act preventively. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 227 adolescents from the city of Melilla (Spain), which sought to analyze the existing relationships between bullying, cyberbullying and cooperative work practices. The cyberbullying test (Garaigordobil, 2013) and a teamwork questionnaire using validation of experts are used as main instruments. The results reveal that cooperative work is higher in girls, decreasing it as age increases. Likewise, group work was inversely related to situations of harassment. It was also observed that the older age suffered more victimization linked to cyberbullying and increased the situations in which one is an aggressor. It concludes how cooperative work in the classroom can act preventively in situations of bullying by helping to build better relationships between peers and group identity
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Estudantes/psicologia , Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamento Cooperativo , Bullying/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos de Coortes , Vítimas de Crime , CyberbullyingRESUMO
The present study set out to define and contrast an explanatory model of perception of stress, the dimensions of burnout syndrome, emotional intelligence, and non-verbal communication in a sample of university teachers. A total of 1316 teachers from Spain, aged between 24 and 70 years (M = 45.64, SD = 10.33) and evenly distributed between both sexes, participated. The measurement instruments employed were the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), and the Nonverbal Immediacy Scale (NIS) A structural equation model was produced that demonstrated adequate fit to the empirical data (130,259; df = 9; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.907; NIF = 0.914; IFI = 0.923; RMSEA = 0.077). Results revealed that stress relates positively with emotional exhaustion and negatively with personal fulfilment. Emotional exhaustion was associated directly with emotional attention and inversely with emotional clarity and emotional repair, with these being linked to personal fulfilment. Both emotional clarity and repair related positively with non-verbal communication. Conclusions from the present study are that emotional intelligence and body language are two relevant factors in the prevention of burnout syndrome, and as a result can help to ensure the mental wellbeing of university teachers.
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INTRODUCTION: the school stage represents a period of risk in the development of habits such as sedentary digital leisure, which favours future pathologies such as obesity. The practice of Physical Activity and the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) allows its prevention, being essential to promote motivational climates in sport that support a healthy lifestyle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the present study was carried out in a sample of 692 schoolchildren from the province of Granada. This research aims to develop a structural equation model that allows to analyse the relationships between motivational climate, healthy habits and maximal oxygen uptake. The main instruments used were the PMCSQ-2, KIDMED, PAQ-C and CERV. RESULTS: the results show a direct relationship between the practice of PA, Task Climate and Ego Climate. PA was positively correlated with the use of videogames and maximum oxygen uptake. The problematic use of video games was positively associated with Ego Climate and negatively related to the level of adherence to the MD. Finally, Ego Climate was positively related to the level of adherence to MD. CONCLUSION: the practice of PA oriented to Task Climate promotes a lifestyle more active, which improves the maximal oxygen uptake, reduces the sedentary digital leisure and is associated to a better dietary pattern. The ego-oriented goals also is associated with the quality of the diet, revealing the need to promote a physical-sports practice that favours intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.
Introducción: la etapa escolar representa un periodo de riesgo en el desarrollo de hábitos como el ocio digital sedentario, que favorece patologías futuras como la obesidad. La práctica de actividad física (AF) y el nivel de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) permiten su prevención, por lo que es esencial promover climas motivacionales hacia el deporte que favorezcan un estilo de vida saludable.Material y métodos: el presente estudio, realizado en una muestra de 692 escolares de la provincia de Granada, tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que permita analizar las relaciones entre clima motivacional, hábitos físico-saludables y capacidad aeróbica máxima. Como principales instrumentos se emplean los cuestionarios PMCSQ-2, KIDMED, PAQ-C y CERV. Resultados: los resultados muestran una relación directa entre la práctica de AF y el Clima Tarea y el Clima Ego. La realización de AF correlacionó positivamente con el uso de videojuegos y con la potencia aeróbica máxima. El uso problemático de videojuegos se asoció positivamente con el Clima Ego y negativamente con el nivel de adherencia a la DM. Finalmente, el Clima Ego mostró una relación directa con el nivel de adherencia a la DM.Conclusión: la práctica de AF orientada a la tarea favorece la consecución de un estilo de vida activo, que mejora la capacidad aeróbica máxima, disminuye el ocio digital sedentario y se relaciona con una mejor dieta. Las metas orientadas al ego también favorecen la calidad de la dieta y revelan la necesidad de promover una práctica físico-deportiva que favorezca motivaciones intrínsecas y extrínsecas.
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Limiar Anaeróbio/fisiologia , Dieta Mediterrânea , Exercício Físico , Motivação/fisiologia , Esportes/fisiologia , Esportes/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumen Se presenta un estudio ex post-facto de tipo descriptivo de medición única en un solo grupo que tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las conductas agresivas y de bullying de adolescentes en régimen de acogimiento residencial con su género y la práctica de actividad física. La participación de un total de 203 adolescentes en acogimiento residencial de la provincia de Granada (España) permitió el registro y la evaluación de las siguientes variables: conducta violenta, bullying, nivel de practica de actividad física y modalidad y parámetros sociodemográficos. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes varones en acogimiento residencial presentan medias más elevadas en agresividad manifiesta o directa, mientras que el género femenino presenta índices de agresividad relacional más elevados. Predomina la realización de actividad física mediante deportes colectivos de contacto, cuya práctica es más frecuente en varones. Asimismo, se aprecian valores similares por modalidad deportiva en comportamientos agresivos y de bullying en jóvenes en régimen de acogimiento resi dencial. Como principal conclusión se muestra que los comportamientos agresivos de tipo manifiesto y reactivo son los más comunes en los adolescentes en acogimiento residencial, lo que revela baja capacidad de autocontrol.
Abstract A retrospective, descriptive study, with a single measurement in a single group is presented, in order to analyse the relationship between aggressive and bullying behaviours in adolescents in residential care. A total of 203 adolescents in residential care from the province of Granada (Spain) participated and the following variables were evaluated: Aggres sive Behaviour, Bullying, Performance of Physical Activity, Modality of Physical Activity, and Socio-Demographic Factors. The results showed that male adolescents in residential care have higher averages in manifest or direct aggressiveness, whilst girls have higher rates of relational aggressiveness. The performance of physical activity is predominant, with con tact group sports, being more common in males. Moreover, similar values are shown by sports modality, aggressive behaviours and bullying, in adolescents in residential care. As a main conclusion, it is shown that overt aggressive behaviour of reactive type is most com mon in adolescents living in residential care, which highlights low capacity of self-control in this population.
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BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic disease and a problem for the Chilean society. AIM: To analyze the relationship between physical condition, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and self-esteem. Material ad Methods: Questionnaires to assess self-esteem (Rosemberg scale) and levels of physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children, PAQ-C) were answered by 515 children aged 10.5 ± 0.5 years from 27 schools of Santiago de Chile. BMI was calculated. Course-Navette test was carried out, vertical jump and hand dynamometry were measured. For statistical analysis, structural equations were used. RESULTS: An acceptable goodness of fit for the models was found. There was a positive relationship between BMI and hand dynamometry, as well as a negative relationship between BMI and maximal oxygen consumption, jumping ability, physical activity and self-esteem. Finally, self-esteem was positively related to physical activity engagement. CONCLUSIONS: In these children, self-esteem was related to physical activity variables.
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Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Autoimagem , Criança , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Obesidade/psicologia , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
Resumen El uso abusivo de videojuegos se asocia a consecuencias negativas para la salud, como son problemas músculo-esqueléticos, patología ocular o problemas cognitivos y emocionales. Ante esta problemática, múltiples estudios han demostrado como un estilo de vida activo mediante la práctica deportiva genera efectos positivos para la salud que rompen con las consecuencias del ocio digital sedentario. Este estudio de carácter descriptivo y corte transversal, realizado en una muestra de 490 estudiantes universitarios, tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el clima motivacional hacia el deporte y el uso problemático de videojuegos, usando como principales instrumentos los cuestionarios CERV, CHCV y PMCSQ-2. Los resultados revelaron que aquellos universitarios que obtenían mayores puntuaciones en Clima Tarea y sus subcategorías eran los que menos problemas patológicos presentaban. Por el contrario, los participantes que padecían problemas potenciales o problemas severos, así como un nivel de uso y atracción medio, obtenían medias más elevadas en Clima Ego, Reconocimiento Desigual y Rivalidad entre Miembros. Se concluye que los universitarios con metas de logro en el deporte orientadas al Ego pueden presentar mayores problemas asociados al uso de videojuegos, principalmente por su búsqueda de motivaciones extrínsecas como la sensación de victoria, obtener mejor rendimiento que otros rivales o alcanzar nuevos retos. De este modo, resulta vital orientar la práctica deportiva a las motivaciones intrínsecas con el fin de evitar el abandono en el deporte y desarrollar una práctica más hedonista que se aleje de hábitos sedentarios.
Abstract Abusive use of video games is associated with negative health consequences, such as musculoskeletal problems, eye disease, or cognitive and emotional problems. In this sense, several studies have shown that an active lifestyle based on sport practice can generate positive health effects that discontinue the consequences of sedentary digital leisure. This descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted on a sample of 490 university students. The main objective was to determine the relationship between problematic use of video games and motivational climate in sports, using as main instruments the CERV, CHCV, and PMCSQ-2 questionnaires. The results showed that those students who got a higher score on Task Climate and its categories were the participants who presented less pathological problems. By contrast, students who had potential or severe problems, as well as a medium level of use and attraction to video games, got a higher average in Ego Climate, Uneven Recognition, and Rivalry among Members. It is concluded that university students with achievement goals in sports that are oriented to Ego can show more problems associated with the use of video games, mainly because of its pursuit of extrinsic motivations like the feeling of victory, achievement of better performance in comparison with rivals or the quest for new challenges. Therefore, it is vital to promote a sport practice associated with intrinsic motivations in order to avoid sport abandonment and develop a more hedonistic practice to avert sedentary habits.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Esportes , Estudantes , Universidades , Jogos de Vídeo , Comportamento Sedentário , MotivaçãoRESUMO
Background: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic disease and a problem for the Chilean society. Aim: To analyze the relationship between physical condition, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and self-esteem. Material ad Methods: Questionnaires to assess self-esteem (Rosemberg scale) and levels of physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children, PAQ-C) were answered by 515 children aged 10.5 ± 0.5 years from 27 schools of Santiago de Chile. BMI was calculated. Course-Navette test was carried out, vertical jump and hand dynamometry were measured. For statistical analysis, structural equations were used. Results: An acceptable goodness of fit for the models was found. There was a positive relationship between BMI and hand dynamometry, as well as a negative relationship between BMI and maximal oxygen consumption, jumping ability, physical activity and self-esteem. Finally, self-esteem was positively related to physical activity engagement. Conclusions: In these children, self-esteem was related to physical activity variables.