RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate whether pre-emptive analgesia modifies the tissue expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), and whether there is an association with postoperative surgical outcomes. A triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of patients undergoing mandibular third molar removal was performed. Volunteers were allocated randomly to receive etoricoxib 120 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg, or placebo 1h before surgery. Twenty-four surgical sites per group were required (95% confidence level and 80% statistical power). Pain scores differed significantly between groups (P<0.001). Etoricoxib and ibuprofen reduced pain scores compared to placebo (P<0.05). Pain scores peaked at 4h postoperative in the experimental groups, but at 2h postoperative in the placebo group (P<0.05). A significant reduction in TNF-α concentration from time 0' to time 30' was seen for ibuprofen (P=0.001) and etoricoxib (P=0.016). The ibuprofen group showed a significant reduction in IL-1ß levels from time 0' to time 30' (P=0.038). In conclusion, TNF-α and IL-1ß levels and the inflammatory events in third molar surgery were inversely associated with the degree of cyclooxygenase 2 selectivity of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used pre-emptively. Patients given pre-emptive analgesia showed significant reductions in the clinical parameters pain, trismus, and oedema when compared to the placebo group.
Assuntos
Analgesia/métodos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Ibuprofeno/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonas/uso terapêutico , Extração Dentária , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Etoricoxib , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Medição da Dor , Placebos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
O role-playing é um tipo de atividade que tem inúmeros propósitos, dentre os quais a prática deestratégias militares e a formação de competências nas mais diversas áreas, como medicina, direito,administração, etc. Este relato de pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre discurso e cogniçãode surdos quando estes realizavam esse tipo de atividade. O corpus foi obtido a partir da filmagem deuma atividade realizada por surdos. A turma era composta por seis estudantes que estavam realizando umjogo de role-playing. Considerando o fenômeno linguagem em sua amplitude, pôde-se verificar que ocampo metafórico da situação lúdica fornece mais que uma estilística do jogar. O que se percebeu foi queno próprio jogo subjazem metáforas, ordenadas por regras(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Fala , Cognição , Educação de Pessoas com Deficiência AuditivaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We investigated both the efficacy and the sub-chronic toxicity of Tephrosia toxicariaâ Pers. in the zymosan-induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory hypernociception in rats evaluating the possible role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). METHODS: Rats were pretreated with T. toxicaria (0.2, 2.0 or 20 mg/kg) 60 min before the intra-articular injection of zymosan (2 mg, 40 µL) in the left TMJ. In another series of experiments, rats were treated with ZnPP-IX (3 mg/kg), a specific HO-1 inhibitor, before T. toxicaria (20 mg/kg). Von Frey test was used to evaluate inflammatory hypernociception (g) 4 h after zymosan injection. Six hours after zymosan injection, the synovial lavage was collected for total cell count and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and joint tissue for histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for HO-1. To evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity, mice received T. toxicaria (20 mg/kg) or saline once a day for 14 days to analyse body mass, organ weight and biochemical parameters. RESULTS: T. toxicaria partially reversed the zymosan-induced head withdrawal threshold, the number of cells and the MPO activity. T. toxicaria reduced the inflammatory cell influx in the synovial membrane. TMJ immunohistochemical analyses treated with T. toxicaria showed increased HO-1 expression. These effects of T. toxicaria were not observed in the presence of ZnPP-IX. T. toxicaria treatment for 14 days did not show significant signs of toxicity when administrated to mice. CONCLUSIONS: T. toxicaria did not produce any signs of toxicity and effectively decreased zymosan-induced TMJ inflammatory hypernociception dependent, at least in part, upon the HO-1 pathway integrity.
Assuntos
Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/tratamento farmacológico , Tephrosia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Heme Oxigenase-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Camundongos , Preparações de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Preparações de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Protoporfirinas/administração & dosagem , Protoporfirinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Zimosan/farmacologiaRESUMO
Chresta martii (Asteraceae) is a plant found in the Xingó region (semi-arid area) in Northeastearn Brazil, and is recognized by the local population as a traditional herb used to treat gastric diseases. This is the first report of the chemical composition, acute toxicity, and gastroprotective effect in mice of the hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) from the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Chresta martii. Animals received HAE doses from 10 to 2000 mg/kg, i.p. or 50 to 3000 mg/kg, p.o.) and were observed over 48 h for toxicity signs and mortality; sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated through 14 days treatment with once-daily HAE doses (400 mg/kg, p.o.). The gastroprotective effect of HAE was demonstrated on the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model after the administration of extracts. Data comparison of ulcer index averages between saline and HAE (100 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) groups showed significant (P < 0.01) inhibition (71.73 and 76.72 %, respectively) of indomethacin-induced gastric lesions. Histological analyses showed significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of leukocyte migration in HAE-treated groups. A fingerprint of the HAE obtained by HPLC/UV/MS analysis showed major peaks characteristic of sesquiterpene lactones. Compound 1 was isolated and elucidated as a new natural product. Its capacity to prevent leukocyte chemotaxis was demonstrated in vitro, corroborating the pharmacological effects observed for C. martii HAE.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Indometacina/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antiulcerosos/química , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Flores/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Gastropatias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is the most frequent cause of tooth loss in adults. Nitric oxide (NO) has been linked to bone resorption mechanisms during inflammation processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NOS (NO synthase) inhibitors in the alveolar bone loss in an experimental periodontitis disease (EPD) model. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the second upper left molars and were sacrificed at 11 days. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by the sum of distances between the cusp tips and the alveolar bone along the axis of each molar root, subtracting from the contralateral side. Histopathological analysis was based on cell influx, alveolar bone, and cementum integrity. Leukogram was performed at 6 hours and 1, 7, and 11 days after the EPD induction. Groups were treated with the NOS inhibitors, aminoguanidine (AG) (2.5 to 10 mg/kg/d), or L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 5 to 20 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally (i.p.), 1 hour before the EPD induction and daily for 11 days. Controls received only saline (EPD group). As controls for L-NAME specificity, groups were co-treated with either L-arginine (150 to 600 mg/kg/d) or D-arginine (600 mg/kg/d) and L-NAME (20 mg/kg/d). Different groups were used for morphometric and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Both L-NAME and AG significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the alveolar bone loss as compared to EPD group. L-NAME (20 mg/kg/d) reduced the alveolar bone loss by 50%, whereas AG (5 mg/kg/d) reduced it by 47% compared to EPD. This result was coupled to a significant reduction of cell influx to the periodontium, as well as to the preservation of alveolar bone and cementum, seen at histopathology, for both compounds. The co-administration of L-arginine, but not of D-arginine reversed L-NAME effects. CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence that NOS inhibitors prevent inflammatory bone resorption in experimental periodontitis.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Periodontite/complicações , Perda do Osso Alveolar/enzimologia , Animais , Guanidinas/farmacologia , Ligadura , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Periodontite/enzimologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of nitric oxide (NO) on bone metabolism is controversial, since it can either stimulate bone formation or resorption. We investigated the effect of local administration of the NO donor isosorbide in an experimental periodontal disease model. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the cervix of the right second upper molar and were sacrificed after 11 days. Alveolar bone loss was measured in one quadrant as the sum of the distances between the cuspid tip and the alveolar bone along the axis of each molar root, which was subtracted from the contralateral side, used as unligated control. The semiquantitative histopathological scale of the periodontium was based on cell infiltration and alveolar bone and cementum integrity. Groups were treated with a gel containing 1% or 5% isosorbide applied to the vestibular side of the molar gingiva 1 hour before the placement of the ligature and then twice daily until sacrifice. Controls included one group subjected to periodontitis and no treatment (NT) and another that received the gel containing just the vehicle (V). RESULTS: The application of the vehicle gel produced an increase of the alveolar bone resorption, without altering the inflammatory changes, compared to the NT group. The 5% isosorbide produced a significant reduction of the alveolar bone resorption, compared to V and NT. This reduction was confirmed by histological analysis, showing less inflammatory cell infiltration and preservation of the cementum and the alveolar process. CONCLUSION: Local application of isosorbide reduces alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontal disease in rats, suggesting a local anti-inflammatory effect of isosorbide.