RESUMO

Background: Spinocerebellar degenerations and neuronal vacuolations are alterations characterized by the formation of vacuoles in the nervous tissue, commonly called status spongiosus. This condition occurs in young Rottweiler dogs causing a disease called Neuronal Vacuolation and Spinocerebellar Degeneration. Clinically, it presents with ataxia of the pelvic limbs, which evolves to generalized ataxia, tetraparesis, and laryngeal paralysis. Histologically, spongiform and vacuolar alterations of the neuropil and neurons are highlighted. This reports a case of neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in a Rottweiler puppy. Case: Necropsy was performed on the cadaver of a 5-month-old Rottweiler bitch that had been presenting with ataxia for approximately 1 month, in addition to dyspnea, pulmonary crepitations, and microphthalmia. Macroscopic evaluation revealed pale ocular and oral mucosae; marked gastric dilatation and abdominal distension; pulmonary hemorrhage and edema; hepatosplenomegaly; fatty degeneration of the liver; and congestion of meningeal blood vessels. Microscopically, histological evaluation of the spinal cord showed an increase in gray matter cellularity with marked presence of oligodendrocytes and microglia cells; moderate to severe multifocal intracytoplasmic micro- and macrovacuoles with displacement of the neurons' nuclei to the periphery of the cell; central chromatolysis of the neurons adjacent to neurons affected by vacuolation; and mild multifocal necrosis associated with mild multifocal neuronophagia. The white matter exhibited discrete digestion chambers, in addition to marked diffuse congestion of the leptomeninges. In the cerebellum, neurons in the nerve nuclei (emboliform, globose, and fastigial) showed moderate multifocal vacuoles in the cytoplasm, whereas adjacent neurons showed central chromatolysis, necrosis, and mild neuronophagia. Additional histological findings included lymphoid hyperplasia, fatty degeneration of the liver, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Discussion: Spongiform and degenerative encephalopathies are diseases recognized worldwide, mainly in cattle and sheep. However, the identification of these changes in new species has led to the need for further investigations. In dogs, the first reports occurred in 1995 and 1997 in Rottweiler animals. This disease affects young dogs, and although its pathogenesis is not completely known, it is believed to be associated with a genetic mutation in the RAB3GAP1 gene. Clinically, it is associated with clinical neurological manifestations, including progressive ataxia of the pelvic limbs, changes in spinal reflex, disordered proprioceptive reactions, laryngeal paralysis, as well as behavioral and gait alterations. In the clinical evaluation, leukoencephalomyelopathy and neuroaxonal dystrophy should be diseases considered as possible differential diagnoses, as they present with similar alterations. However, in histological evaluation, the exclusion of both is basically due to the absence of neuronal vacuolization. Unfortunately, the definitive diagnosis is only made post mortem, through a histopathological evaluation of the nervous tissue. Because it is a disease whose pathogenesis is little known and which shows signs of having a genetic character, histopathological examination for diagnostic purposes in young animals with neurological signs is of great importance.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The genus Brachyspira corresponds to the group of bacteria formerly classified into the genus Serpulina and includes several commensal and pathogenic intestinal spirochetes that affect pigs, poultry, and other animal species, including humans. In birds, some pathogenic species of this genus causes a condition known as avian intestinal spirochetosis, which remains under diagnosed, thereby causing serious economic losses. Brachyspira is a fastidious organism that necessitates the employment of fast and efficient identification techniques. The aim of this study was to identify Brachyspira spp. using histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from the cecum of commercial poultry. Samples were collected from129 birds aged between 35 and 45 days from commercial broiler farms. For evaluation, routine histology processing (H&E) and the histochemical technique, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) were done. Additionally, FFPE tissue samples were evaluated for FISH and IHC. The histological lesions were analyzed and graded after H&E staining, and the goblet cells were counted and compared using PAS staining with the positive and negative samples obtained through FISH and IHC. For FISH, probes labeled with Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia were used, where as rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for Brachyspira spp. was used for IHC. Of 129 samples, 82 were positive with IHC and 86 were positive with FISH. The samples positive for the genus Brachyspira in the FISH technique were tested for B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia in which 56 were positive for B. pilosicoli, 75 for B. hyodysenteriae and 80 for B. intermedia. There was an increase in goblet cells in the samples positive for FISH and IHC. The techniques used were effective and gave corresponding results, thus serving as a fast and efficient tool for diagnosis.(AU)

O gênero Brachyspira corresponde ao grupo de bactérias anteriormente classificadas no gênero Serpulinae inclui várias espiroquetas intestinais comensais e patogênicas que afetam suínos, aves e outras espécies animais, incluindo humanos. Em aves, algumas espécies patogênicas desse gênero causam uma condição conhecida como espiroquetose intestinal aviária, que permanece sub-diagnosticada, causando sérios prejuízos econômicos. Brachyspira é um organismo fastidioso que necessita do emprego de técnicas de identificação rápidas e eficientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar Brachyspira spp. usando histologia, imunohistoquímica (IHQ) e hibridização fluorescente in situ (FISH) em amostras de tecido fixado em formalina e embebido em parafina (TFEP) do ceco de aves comerciais. As amostras foram coletadas de 129 aves com idades entre 35 e 45 dias em granjas comerciais. Para avaliação, o processamento histológico de rotina (H&E) e a técnica histoquímica, ácido periódico-Schiff (PAS) foram realizados. Além disso, as amostras de tecido TFEP foram avaliadas para FISH e IHC. As lesões histológicas foram analisadas e graduadas após coloração H&E, e as células caliciformes contadas e comparadas pela coloração PAS com as amostras positivas e negativas obtidas por FISH e IHC. Para FISH, foram utilizadas sondas marcadas com Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae e B. intermedia, enquanto o anticorpo policlonal de coelho específico para Brachyspira spp. foi usado para IHC. De 129 amostras, 82 foram positivas com IHC e 86 foram positivas com FISH. As amostras positivas para o gênero Brachyspira pela técnica de FISH foram testadas para B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae e B. intermedia, sendo 56 positivas para B. pilosicoli, 75 para B. hyodysenteriae e 80 para B. intermedia. Houve aumento de células [...].(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Lawsonia intracellularis is a bacterium already described in several species and most prevalent in pigs, in which it causes enteric problems. Horses can also be affected, developing a disease known as equine proliferative enteropathy, which results from the proliferation of intestinal crypt cells in response to infection by the bacterium. Despite the existence of reports of the disease in several countries, including Brazil, there are still no reports of the disease or epidemiological studies of its occurrence in symptomatic or asymptomatic horses in the state of Paraná. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the occurrence of L. intracellularis in asymptomatic horses raised in the west, northwest and north regions of Paraná by means of serological testing and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. In the serological approach, the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) technique was employed. Feces were processed and subjected to qPCR. In total, samples were collected from 162 animals from 20 farms. Of these, 9/162 (5.55%) showed specific antibodies against L. intracellularis. Real-time PCR, on the other hand, identified 7/162 (4.32%) fecal samples positive for the presence of the bacterium. When the techniques were compared, none of the samples was positive by both, demonstrating that, for a better diagnosis, they must be performed together. In contrast to most reports in horses, the present studyde scribes higher serological and molecular occurrence in animals older than two years. These results are of great epidemiological relevance, as they indicate that the bacterium is present in the sampled regions of the state of Paraná. Therefore, the disease must be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with similar clinical manifestations.(AU)

Lawsonia intracellularis é uma bactéria já descrita em várias espécies, sendo mais comum em suínos, ocasionando problemas entéricos nesses animais. Dentre estes, equinos podem ser acometidos, levando à uma doença conhecida como Enteropatia Proliferativa Equina que é decorrente da proliferação das células da cripta intestinal em reação à infecção pela bactéria. Apesar de existirem relatos da doença em diversos países, inclusive no Brasil, no estado do Paraná ainda não se tem relatos da doença e estudos epidemiológicos da ocorrência em equinos sintomáticos ou assintomáticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de L. intracellularis em equinos assintomáticos criados nas regiões Oeste, Noroeste e Norte do estado do Paraná através de sorologia e qPCR. Para a sorologia, utilizou-se a técnica da Imunoperoxidase em Monocamadas (IPMA). As fezes foram processadas e submetidas à técnica de Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR). Ao todo, foram coletadas amostras de 162 animais de 20 propriedades. Destas, 9/162 (5,55%) apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra L. intracellularis. Já a qPCR, identificou 7/162 (4,32%) amostras de fezes positivas para a presença da bactéria. Ao se comparar as técnicas, nenhuma amostra foi positiva em ambas, demonstrando que, para um melhor diagnóstico, as mesmas devem ser realizadas em conjunto. Em contraste à grande parte dos relatos em equinos, o presente estudo encontrou uma maior ocorrência sorológica e molecular em animais com mais de dois anos de idade. Esses resultados são de grande relevância epidemiológica, pois indicam que a bactéria está presente nas regiões amostradas do estado do Paraná, levando à necessidade de incluir a doença no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades que cursam com manifestações clínicas semelhantes.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O carcinoma espinocelular é uma neoplasia maligna dos ceratinócitos que tem como principal causa a exposição a raios ultravioletas. Os felinos constituem a espécie doméstica mais susceptível para o aparecimento desta neoplasia, sendo a face a região mais comum de acometimento, incluindo áreas do plano nasal, pina e pálpebras. No presente trabalho relata-se um felino, sem raça definida, fêmea, 12 anos de idade, 3kg, castrada, de pelagem branca, que foi atendida apresentando lesão extensa de caráter ulcerativo em região periocular de globo ocular esquerdo, com evolução de aproximadamente três meses, envolvendo ambas as pálpebras, superior e inferior. Após realização de avaliação clínica, os achados obtidos por meio da anamnese juntamente com o exame citológico, sugeriram como principal diagnóstico o carcinoma espinocelular. Para tratamento foi preconizado remoção cirúrgica, na qual demonstrou boa efetividade para tratamento dessa afecção. Após, o material foi enviado para análise histopatológica, sendo confirmado o diagnóstico. O paciente apresentou boa recuperação e evolução clínica do quadro, não apresentando nenhuma complicação no decorrer do tratamento. O prognóstico para este caso foi considerado bom, uma vez que não havia indícios de metástase no momento da realização dos exames complementares, e as margens da neoplasia se encontravam livres de células neoplásicas.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of keratinocytes whose main cause is exposure to ultraviolet rays. The original felines are the domestic species most susceptible to the onset of this neoplasm, the face being the most common region of involvement, including areas of the nasal plane, pinna and eyelids. In the present study, we report a feline, mixed breed, female, 12 years old, 3kg, neutered, with white fur, who was treated for an enlarged ulcerative lesion in the periocular region of the left eyeball, with an evolution of approximately three months. involving both the upper and lower eyelids. After conducting a clinical valuation, the findings obtained through the anamnesis together with the cytological examination, suggested squamous cell carcinoma as the main diagnosis. For treatment before surgical removal, in the qualification good effectiveness to treat this condition. Afterwards, the material sent for histopathological analysis, the diagnosis being confirmed. The patient shows good recovery and clinical evolution of the condition, there is no complication or complication during the treatment. The prognosis for this case was considered good, since there was no evidence of metastasis at the time of the complementary tests, and as the neoplasia margins were free of neoplastic cells.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The genus Brachyspira corresponds to the group of bacteria formerly classified into the genus Serpulina and includes several commensal and pathogenic intestinal spirochetes that affect pigs, poultry, and other animal species, including humans. In birds, some pathogenic species of this genus causes a condition known as avian intestinal spirochetosis, which remains under diagnosed, thereby causing serious economic losses. Brachyspira is a fastidious organism that necessitates the employment of fast and efficient identification techniques. The aim of this study was to identify Brachyspira spp. using histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from the cecum of commercial poultry. Samples were collected from129 birds aged between 35 and 45 days from commercial broiler farms. For evaluation, routine histology processing (H&E) and the histochemical technique, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) were done. Additionally, FFPE tissue samples were evaluated for FISH and IHC. The histological lesions were analyzed and graded after H&E staining, and the goblet cells were counted and compared using PAS staining with the positive and negative samples obtained through FISH and IHC. For FISH, probes labeled with Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia were used, where as rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for Brachyspira spp. was used for IHC. Of 129 samples, 82 were positive with IHC and 86 were positive with FISH. The samples positive for the genus Brachyspira in the FISH technique were tested for B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia in which 56 were positive for B. pilosicoli, 75 for B. hyodysenteriae and 80 for B. intermedia. There was an increase in goblet cells in the samples positive for FISH and IHC. The techniques used were effective and gave corresponding results, thus serving as a fast and efficient tool for diagnosis.

O gênero Brachyspira corresponde ao grupo de bactérias anteriormente classificadas no gênero Serpulinae inclui várias espiroquetas intestinais comensais e patogênicas que afetam suínos, aves e outras espécies animais, incluindo humanos. Em aves, algumas espécies patogênicas desse gênero causam uma condição conhecida como espiroquetose intestinal aviária, que permanece sub-diagnosticada, causando sérios prejuízos econômicos. Brachyspira é um organismo fastidioso que necessita do emprego de técnicas de identificação rápidas e eficientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar Brachyspira spp. usando histologia, imunohistoquímica (IHQ) e hibridização fluorescente in situ (FISH) em amostras de tecido fixado em formalina e embebido em parafina (TFEP) do ceco de aves comerciais. As amostras foram coletadas de 129 aves com idades entre 35 e 45 dias em granjas comerciais. Para avaliação, o processamento histológico de rotina (H&E) e a técnica histoquímica, ácido periódico-Schiff (PAS) foram realizados. Além disso, as amostras de tecido TFEP foram avaliadas para FISH e IHC. As lesões histológicas foram analisadas e graduadas após coloração H&E, e as células caliciformes contadas e comparadas pela coloração PAS com as amostras positivas e negativas obtidas por FISH e IHC. Para FISH, foram utilizadas sondas marcadas com Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae e B. intermedia, enquanto o anticorpo policlonal de coelho específico para Brachyspira spp. foi usado para IHC. De 129 amostras, 82 foram positivas com IHC e 86 foram positivas com FISH. As amostras positivas para o gênero Brachyspira pela técnica de FISH foram testadas para B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae e B. intermedia, sendo 56 positivas para B. pilosicoli, 75 para B. hyodysenteriae e 80 para B. intermedia. Houve aumento de células [...].

Assuntos

RESUMO

Lawsonia intracellularis is a bacterium already described in several species and most prevalent in pigs, in which it causes enteric problems. Horses can also be affected, developing a disease known as equine proliferative enteropathy, which results from the proliferation of intestinal crypt cells in response to infection by the bacterium. Despite the existence of reports of the disease in several countries, including Brazil, there are still no reports of the disease or epidemiological studies of its occurrence in symptomatic or asymptomatic horses in the state of Paraná. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the occurrence of L. intracellularis in asymptomatic horses raised in the west, northwest and north regions of Paraná by means of serological testing and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. In the serological approach, the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) technique was employed. Feces were processed and subjected to qPCR. In total, samples were collected from 162 animals from 20 farms. Of these, 9/162 (5.55%) showed specific antibodies against L. intracellularis. Real-time PCR, on the other hand, identified 7/162 (4.32%) fecal samples positive for the presence of the bacterium. When the techniques were compared, none of the samples was positive by both, demonstrating that, for a better diagnosis, they must be performed together. In contrast to most reports in horses, the present studyde scribes higher serological and molecular occurrence in animals older than two years. These results are of great epidemiological relevance, as they indicate that the bacterium is present in the sampled regions of the state of Paraná. Therefore, the disease must be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with similar clinical manifestations.

Lawsonia intracellularis é uma bactéria já descrita em várias espécies, sendo mais comum em suínos, ocasionando problemas entéricos nesses animais. Dentre estes, equinos podem ser acometidos, levando à uma doença conhecida como Enteropatia Proliferativa Equina que é decorrente da proliferação das células da cripta intestinal em reação à infecção pela bactéria. Apesar de existirem relatos da doença em diversos países, inclusive no Brasil, no estado do Paraná ainda não se tem relatos da doença e estudos epidemiológicos da ocorrência em equinos sintomáticos ou assintomáticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de L. intracellularis em equinos assintomáticos criados nas regiões Oeste, Noroeste e Norte do estado do Paraná através de sorologia e qPCR. Para a sorologia, utilizou-se a técnica da Imunoperoxidase em Monocamadas (IPMA). As fezes foram processadas e submetidas à técnica de Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR). Ao todo, foram coletadas amostras de 162 animais de 20 propriedades. Destas, 9/162 (5,55%) apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra L. intracellularis. Já a qPCR, identificou 7/162 (4,32%) amostras de fezes positivas para a presença da bactéria. Ao se comparar as técnicas, nenhuma amostra foi positiva em ambas, demonstrando que, para um melhor diagnóstico, as mesmas devem ser realizadas em conjunto. Em contraste à grande parte dos relatos em equinos, o presente estudo encontrou uma maior ocorrência sorológica e molecular em animais com mais de dois anos de idade. Esses resultados são de grande relevância epidemiológica, pois indicam que a bactéria está presente nas regiões amostradas do estado do Paraná, levando à necessidade de incluir a doença no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades que cursam com manifestações clínicas semelhantes.

Assuntos