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Foreign body reactions after endovascular procedures for brain arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare. We report the case of a cerebral foreign body granuloma reaction after embolization of a frontal arteriovenous malformation with Onyx. A previously treated 36-year-old man underwent re-embolization of a residual and recurrent unruptured right frontal vascular malformation with Onyx. The post-procedural imaging revealed a right frontotemporal heterogeneously enhancing expansive lesion associated with a residual malformation. Following microsurgical resection, the histopathological examination of the expansive lesion revealed basophilic foreign body like deposits adjacent to multi-nucleated giant cells, highly compatible with cerebral foreign body granulomas reaction to Onyx. The clinical and radiological follow-up of the patient was favorable after complete resection of the lesions.

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BACKGROUND: Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode unique in its ability to replicate in the human host, allowing ongoing cycles of autoinfection, persisting for decades within the same host. Although usually asymptomatic, overwhelming infections can occur in Strongyloides and HTLV-1 co-infected individuals (SS/HTLV-1). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are able to blunt specific Th2 responses necessary to control the parasite. We previously reported that peripheral blood Tregs are increased in SS/HTLV-1 and correlate with low Th2 responses. We hypothesized that Tregs are also increased at the site of infection in duodenal mucosa. METHODS: Paraffin embedded duodenal biopsies were obtained from 10 SS/HTLV-1 patients, 3 controls with non-parasitic chronic duodenitis, and 2 healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies against human CD3, CD8, IgE and FoxP3. The number of cells were counted using a conventional light microscope. The number of CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+ and IgE positive cells per 0.35 mm2 was measured using ImagePro Plus software comparing areas adjacent or distant from parasite material. RESULTS: In patients with SS/HTLV-1, T lymphocyte counts and CD8+ cells were lower in areas adjacent to the parasite compared to non-adjacent areas (CD3+: adjacent: 6.5 [Interquartile range (IQR: 2.8-12.3)]; non-adjacent: 24.5 [IQR: 20.9-34.4]; Mann-Whitney p = 0.0003; CD8+: adjacent: 4.5 [IQR: 2.3-11.8]; non-adjacent: 21 [IQR: 15.3-42.9]; Mann-Whitney p = 0.0011). Tregs cells in the intestines (FoxP3+ expressing cells) were increased in patients with SS/HTLV-1 compared with patients with chronic duodenitis (SS/HTLV-1: 1.5 [IQR: 0.7-2.3]; duodenitis controls: 0 [range 0-0.7]; healthy controls: 0; Mann-Whitney p = 0.034). There was also a trend towards fewer eosinophils adjacent to the parasites. Among SS/HTLV-1 patients the number of IgE expressing cells was increased for in areas not adjacent to the parasite compared to non-adjacent areas (ANOVA, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows increased Treg cell numbers localized adjacent to the parasites in the duodenum SS/HTLV-1 patients. In addition, other T lymphocytes and IgE expressing cells were decreased adjacent to the parasites, suggesting an important role for Tregs in down-regulating local parasite effector responses.

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Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 51 años que desarrolló paraparesia y una masa abdominal palpable más pérdida de peso en el lapso de cuatro meses. La masa destruía la 5ª vértebra lumbar y se extendía a los tejidos blandos adyacentes. En suero se halló un patrón de gamapatía monoclonal por cadenas ligeras de tipo lambda. La punción aspiración de la masa reveló un plasmocitoma. El paciente recibió radiación y quimioterapia. Fue dada de alta con disminución de la paraparesia. (AU)

A 51 year-old woman developed paraparesis, a palpable abdominal mass and weight loss during the last four months. A mass that was destroying the 5th lumbar vertebra and invading the adjacent soft tissues was found. A monoclonal gamopathy pattern in serum due to light chain type lambda was shown. The patient received radiation plus chemotherapy. She was discharged with amelioration of paraparesis. (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is an endemic Andean vector-borne- tropical disease in Peru, whose mucocutaneous clinical presentation is rare. Leishmaniasis can occur in co-infections with HTLV-1 virus and HIV. We describe a case of L. mucocutaneous in a patient infected with HIV, with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis with inadequate treatment 20 years ago. He was treated with stibogluconate with adequate response to treatment and regression of lesion after 4 weeks. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection is rare and its clinical presentation may be atypically. It is important to consider it in patients coming from endemic areas and with a history of a previous cutaneous clinical presentation.

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Introduction: Leishmaniasis is an endemic Andean vector-borne- tropical disease in Peru, whose mucocutaneous clinical presentation is rare. Leishmaniasis can occur in co-infections with HTLV-1 virus and HIV. We describe a case of L. mucocutaneous in a patient infected with HIV, with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis with inadequate treatment 20 years ago. He was treated with stibogluconate with adequate response to treatment and regression of lesion after 4 weeks. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection is rare and its clinical presentation may be atypically. It is important to consider it in patients coming from endemic areas and with a history of a previous cutaneous clinical presentation.

La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad metaxénica andino-tropical, considerada endémica en Perú. Su forma mucocutánea es poco frecuente. Puede presentarse en coinfección con los virus HTLV-1 y VIH. Se describe un caso de leishmaniasis mucocutánea en un paciente infectado con VIH, con antecedente de leishmaniasis cutánea con tratamiento incompleto 20 años atrás. Es tratado con estibogluconato sódico por 30 días, con adecuada respuesta y regresión de la lesión a las cuatro semanas. La coinfección de leishmaniasis mucocutánea y VIH no es frecuente. Las manifestaciones de leishmaniasis pueden no presentarse de forma típica en pacientes con VIH. Se debe considerar la procedencia de la zona endémica y/o el antecedente de haber presentado la forma cutánea previamente.

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El fibrohistiocitoma maligno es un tumor subcutáneo de larga evolución y localizado principalmente en extremidades. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 77 años con una tumoracián nodular de superficie ulcerada con múltiples pápulas perilesionales en su pierna derecha. Se realizó la confirmación histopatológica y de inmunohistoquimica compatible con Fibrohistiacitoma maligno asociado a metástasis cutáneas satélites.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a subcutaneous tumor of long evolution, more frequently located in the extremities. We present the case of a 77 year- old female with a nodular ulcerated tumor with multiple perilesional papules on her right lower leg. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with cutaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma associated to satellite metastasis.

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Los cuadros de sífilis nodular diseminada que se presentan como un pseudolinfoma son muy raros, se ha descrito hasta la actualidad 11 casos publicados. La coinfección con el VIH puede alterar los resultados de las pruebas treponémicas y no treponémicas, lo que resulta en hallazgos falsos negativos y falsos positivos. Se estima que la coinfección sífilis y VIH está en aumento, por lo que se necesitaun diagnóstico acertado para evitar las graves consecuencias de un diagnóstico tardío. Presentamos un caso de sífilis nodular que sepresentó como un pseudolinfoma en un paciente con infección por VIH/sida que inicialmente mostró serología para sífilis negativaatribuida al fenómeno de prozona.

Disseminated nodular syphilis boxes presenting as a pseudo-lymphoma nodular are very rare, to date only 11 reported cases has been described. Co-infection with HIV may alter the results of the tests nontreponemal and treponemal not, resulting in false negative. It is estimated that co-infection HIV and syphilis is on the rise, so a correct diagnosis is needed to prevent the serious consequences of a late diagnosis. We present a case of nodular syphilis which was presented as a pseudolymphoma in a patient with HIV/AIDS infection that initially showed a serology for syphilis negative attributed to the prozone phenomenon.

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El eritema ab-igne es una rara dermatosis asociada repetida a fuentes de calor; en el cual se presentan cambios epidérmicos y dérmicos que pueden ser difíciles de interpretar histológicamente. Sin embargo la mayor parte de veces el diagnóstico se establece mediante correlato clínico en pacientes con erupciones reticuladas eritematosas e hiperpigmentadas.

Erythema ab-igne is a rare dermatosis associated to repeated exposure to heat; it occurs with epidermal and dermal changes that could be of difficult histopathological. Nevertheless the diagnosis is established, in the majority of cases, through clinical correlation in patients with erythematous and hiperpigmented reticulated eruptions.

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