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The aim of this study was to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and risk perception with preventive behavior in health professionals from four Latin American countries. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Health professionals with on-site care in Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Peru were surveyed. Information was collected through an online self-report questionnaire. The main variables were preventive behavior as the dependent variable and fear of COVID-19 and risk perception as independent variables. Linear regression was used, and unstandardized beta coefficient and value of ps were calculated. Four hundred and thirty-five health professionals were included, the majority were aged 42 years or older (45.29, 95%CI: 40.65-50.01) and female (67.82, 95%CI: 63.27-72.05). It was shown that the greater the fear of COVID-19, the greater the preventive behavior of COVID-19 infection (B = 2.21, p = 0.002 for total behavior; B = 1.12, p = 0.037 for additional protection at work; B = 1.11, p < 0.010 for hand washing). The risk perception of COVID-19 infection had a slight direct relationship with preventive behaviours (B = 0.28, p = 0.021 for total behavior; B = 0.13, p = 0.015 for hand washing), with the exception of the preventive behavior of using additional protection at work (p = 0.339). We found that fear and risk perception are associated with increased practice of hand washing and use of additional protection at work. Further studies are required on the influence of working conditions, job performance and the occurrence of mental health problems in frontline personnel with regard to COVID-19.

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[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Evaluar el control de la tuberculosis pulmonar en un centro de privación de la libertad e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con tratamiento no exitoso en la cárcel más grande en Ecuador. Métodos. Se analizaron los datos de vigilancia de la prisión y de una cohorte de internos diagnosticados con tuberculosis (TB) entre los años 2015 y 2016. Se excluyeron los registros sin desenlace en el tratamiento. Se estimó el porcentaje de sintomáticos respiratorios (SR) identificados y la tasa de incidencia de TB. Los factores asociados con el tratamiento no exitoso se estimaron con regresión logística binomial. Resultados. De 59 846 consultas médicas, el 3% se identificó como SR y, de estos, 326 reclusos tenían TB, 184 fueron analizados. La tasa de incidencia de TB en la prisión fue de 3 947/100 000 habitantes. El porcentaje de tratamiento exitoso fue de 70,4% (65,6% curado y 4,8% con tratamiento completo) y 29,4% de tratamiento no exitoso (12,5% de pérdidas durante el seguimiento, 5% fallecieron, 1,1% de fracasos de tratamiento y 10,8% no fueron evaluados). La seropositividad para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se asoció con un mayor riesgo de tratamiento no exitoso (riesgo relativo: 1,66, intervalo de confianza de 95%: 1,33-2,07). Conclusión. La incidencia de TB en la prisión es 123 veces más alta que en la población general de Ecuador. Los prisioneros coinfectados con TB-VIH tienen mayor riesgo de no tener un tratamiento exitoso y se requiere articulación entre los ministerios de salud y de justicia que permita la implementación adecuada de protocolos de salud y de la Estrategia hacia el fin de la TB.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. Evaluate the control of pulmonary tuberculosis in a detention center and identify the risk factors associated with unsuccessful treatment in the largest prison in Ecuador. Methods. Surveillance data from the prison and a cohort of inmates diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) between 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. Records without treatment outcome information were excluded. The percentage of patients with respiratory symptoms and TB incidence rate were estimated. Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment were estimated with binomial logistic regression. Results. Of 59 846 medical consultations, 3% of respiratory symptoms were identified and, of these, 326 inmates had TB; 184 of them were analyzed. The incidence rate of TB in the prison was 3 947/100 000 inhabitants. Treatment was successful in 70.4% (65.6% cured; 4.8% treatment completed) and unsuccessful in 29.4% (12.5% lost during follow-up, 5% deceased, 1.1% treatment failure, 10.8% not evaluated). Seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was associated with an increased risk of unsuccessful treatment (relative risk: 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-2.07). Conclusion. The incidence of TB in the prison was 123 times higher than in the general population of Ecuador. Prisoners co-infected with HIV-TB are at greater risk of not having a successful treatment, and articulation is required between the ministries of health and justice that allows the proper implementation of health protocols and the End TB Strategy.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Avaliar o controle da tuberculose (TB) pulmonar e identificar os fatores de risco associados ao tratamento malsucedido na maior prisão do Equador. Métodos. Foram analisados os dados de vigilância da prisão e de uma coorte de reclusos da mesma prisão, diagnosticados com TB em 2015 e 2016. Foram excluídos os registros sem resultado do tratamento. A porcentagem de sintomas respiratórios identificados e a taxa de incidência de TB foram estimadas. Os fatores associados ao tratamento malsucedido foram estimados com regressão logística binomial. Resultados. Em 59 846 consultas médicas, 3% dos reclusos foram identificadas com sintomas respiratórios. Entre esses, 326 tinham TB e 184 foram analisados. A taxa de incidência de TB na prisão foi de 3 947/100 000 habitantes. Observou-se tratamento bem-sucedido em 70,4% (65,6% curados e 4,8% com tratamento completo) e malsucedido em 29,4% (12,5% perdidos durante o acompanhamento, 5% morreram, 1,1% com falhas do tratamento e 10,8% sem avaliação). A soropositividade para HIV foi associada a risco aumentado de tratamento malsucedido (risco relativo 1,66; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,33 a 2,07). Conclusão A incidência de TB na prisão foi 123 vezes maior do que na população geral do Equador. Prisioneiros coinfectados com HIV-TB correm maior risco de não ter tratamento bem-sucedido. É necessária uma articulação entre os ministérios da saúde e da justiça para implementar de forma adequada os protocolos de saúde e da Estratégia pelo Fim da TB.

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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the control of pulmonary tuberculosis in a detention center and identify the risk factors associated with unsuccessful treatment in the largest prison in Ecuador. METHODS: Surveillance data from the prison and a cohort of inmates diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) between 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. Records without treatment outcome information were excluded. The percentage of patients with respiratory symptoms and TB incidence rate were estimated. Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment were estimated with binomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 59 846 medical consultations, 3% of respiratory symptoms were identified and, of these, 326 inmates had TB; 184 of them were analyzed. The incidence rate of TB in the prison was 3 947/100 000 inhabitants. Treatment was successful in 70.4% (65.6% cured; 4.8% treatment completed) and unsuccessful in 29.4% (12.5% lost during follow-up, 5% deceased, 1.1% treatment failure, 10.8% not evaluated). Seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was associated with an increased risk of unsuccessful treatment (relative risk: 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-2.07). CONCLUSION: The incidence of TB in the prison was 123 times higher than in the general population of Ecuador. Prisoners co-infected with HIV-TB are at greater risk of not having a successful treatment, and articulation is required between the ministries of health and justice that allows the proper implementation of health protocols and the End TB Strategy.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o controle da tuberculose (TB) pulmonar e identificar os fatores de risco associados ao tratamento malsucedido na maior prisão do Equador. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de vigilância da prisão e de uma coorte de reclusos da mesma prisão, diagnosticados com TB em 2015 e 2016. Foram excluídos os registros sem resultado do tratamento. A porcentagem de sintomas respiratórios identificados e a taxa de incidência de TB foram estimadas. Os fatores associados ao tratamento malsucedido foram estimados com regressão logística binomial. RESULTADOS: Em 59 846 consultas médicas, 3% dos reclusos foram identificadas com sintomas respiratórios. Entre esses, 326 tinham TB e 184 foram analisados. A taxa de incidência de TB na prisão foi de 3 947/100 000 habitantes. Observou-se tratamento bem-sucedido em 70,4% (65,6% curados e 4,8% com tratamento completo) e malsucedido em 29,4% (12,5% perdidos durante o acompanhamento, 5% morreram, 1,1% com falhas do tratamento e 10,8% sem avaliação). A soropositividade para HIV foi associada a risco aumentado de tratamento malsucedido (risco relativo 1,66; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,33 a 2,07). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de TB na prisão foi 123 vezes maior do que na população geral do Equador. Prisioneiros coinfectados com HIV-TB correm maior risco de não ter tratamento bem-sucedido. É necessária uma articulação entre os ministérios da saúde e da justiça para implementar de forma adequada os protocolos de saúde e da Estratégia pelo Fim da TB.