RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils from the fruits of Citrus sinensis and Xylopia aromatica, included in broiler feed, on blood parameters, the biometrics of digestive organs, bone analyses, and the biochemical profiles of the viscera, as well as the histomorphometry of the small intestine. In this study, 180 one-day-old male chicks of the Cobb 500 strain were fed a corn and soybean meal over three treatments and six replications, and the experimental design was completely randomized. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance and a Tukey test at a 5% significance level. The effect of the experimental diets on performance, blood parameters, biometrics of the digestive organs, bone analysis, and biochemical profiles of the viscera, as well as the histomorphometry of the small intestine, were evaluated. The compounds identified in the essential oil of X. aromatica were sylvestrene, α-pinene, and ß-pinene, while in C. sinensis they were limonene and myrcene. The essential oils of C. sinensis and X. aromatica had no significant effect on performance at 14 days. The effects of the presence of the essential oils of C. sinensis and X. aromatica on the response were beneficial: there were reductions in liver lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and in the depths of the crypts in the jejunum of chickens. So, the essential oils from the fruits of C. sinensis and X. aromatica can be used in broiler chickens to improve the lipid profiles of birds without affecting their performance.
RESUMO
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Middle-East Asia Minor 1 is a major pest of agricultural production systems. It is controlled by synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are promising eco-friendly alternatives. This study developed and characterized nanoparticles loaded with essential oils of Zanthoxylum riedelianum Engl. (Rutaceae) leaves and evaluated their potential for B. tabaci management. The essential oil exhibited an average yield of 0.02% (w w-1) and showed as major components γ-elemene (24.81%), phytol (18.16%), bicyclogermacrene (16.18%), cis-nerolidol (8.26%), and D-germacrene (6.52%). Characterization of the nanoparticles showed a pH between 4.5 and 6.7, a zeta potential of approximately - 25 mV, particle-size distribution ranging from 450 to 550 nm, and encapsulation efficiency close to 98%. The nanoencapsulation was an efficient process that provided photostability against photodegradation. Bioassays with crude and nanoencapsulated essential oils significantly reduced the number of nymphs and eggs of B. tabaci, with the best results observed at concentrations of 5 and 2% (v v-1). Our results demonstrated that essential oils from Z. riedelianum can be nanoformulated resulting in a stable product while maintaining their biological activity against B. tabaci Middle-East Asia Minor 1.
Assuntos
Hemípteros , Inseticidas , Nanopartículas , Óleos Voláteis , Zanthoxylum , Animais , Inseticidas/química , Fitol , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
O domínio Cerrado apresenta inúmeras espécies vegetais que produzem naturalmente óleos essenciais que são incluídos em uma das várias classes de metabólitos secundários. Objetivou-se caracterizar a constituição química e avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antifúngica do óleo essencial das flores de Cochlospermum regium. As flores de C. regium foram coletadas em área de Cerrado, em Rio Verde/GO, Brasil. Para extração do óleo essencial,foram utilizadas 100 g de flores, e em seguida, foram submetidas à hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger, e o rendimento de óleo essencial, determinado em porcentagem. Em seguida, o óleo essencial foi analisado quanto à composição por cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massas acoplada CG-EM, e determinado quanto ao potencial antioxidante na redução do DPPH e como antifúngico por difusão em ágar sobre o isolado de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. O rendimento médio de óleo essencial foi igual a 0,10%. Foram identificados 32 compostos, destacando-se os majoritários cariofileno E 9,76%, γ-muuroleno 16,69% e biciclogermacreno 39,82%. A atividade antioxidante apresentou 100% de redução do radical DPPH, para as concentrações entre 50 a 2 mg mL-1, e reduções de 85,77 a 13,18% (EC50) para as concentrações 1 a 0,031 mg mL-1de óleo essencial. Conclui-se que o óleo essencial de C. regium apresentou baixo rendimento, no entanto, contém muitos compostos sesquiterpenos hidrocarbonados e oxigenados, apresentando-se como excepcional agente antioxidante e antifúngico natural no combate a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Sendo assim, o óleo essencial das flores de C. regium se apresenta como um forte candidato para novas pesquisas que poderão ser aplicadas nas áreas da saúde, agrícola e alimentícia.(AU)
The Cerrado domain has numerous plant species that naturally produce essential oils, that are include in one of several classes of secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant and antifungal activities of the essential oil from Cochlospermum regium flowers. The flowers from C. regium were collected in an area of Cerrado, in Rio Verde/GO, Brazil. To extract the essential oil, 100 g of flowers were used, and then they were subjected to hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus, and the essential oil yield, determined in percentage. Then, the essential oil was analyzed for composition by gas chromatography with coupled mass spectrometry GC-MS, and determined as to the antioxidant potential in reducing DPPH and, as antifungal by agar diffusion in the isolate from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatograph associated with mass spectrometry CG-MS and its antioxidant potential was evaluated by the free radical sequestration technique DPPH. The average yield of essential oil was 0.10%. 32 compounds were identified, in especially majority caryophyllene E 9.76%, γ-muurolene 16.69% and bicyclogermacrene 39.82%. The antioxidant activity showed 100% reduction in the DPPH radical, for concentrations between 50 to 2 mg mL-1, and reductions of 85.77 to 13.18% (IC50) for concentrations 1 to 0.031 mg mL-1of the essential oil. It is concluded that the essential oil from C. regium showed low yield, however, it contains many hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes compounds, presenting itself as an exceptional natural antioxidant and...(AU)
Assuntos
Bixaceae , Antioxidantes , Antifúngicos , Óleos Voláteis/químicaRESUMO
O domínio Cerrado apresenta inúmeras espécies vegetais que produzem naturalmente óleos essenciais que são incluídos em uma das várias classes de metabólitos secundários. Objetivou-se caracterizar a constituição química e avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antifúngica do óleo essencial das flores de Cochlospermum regium. As flores de C. regium foram coletadas em área de Cerrado, em Rio Verde/GO, Brasil. Para extração do óleo essencial,foram utilizadas 100 g de flores, e em seguida, foram submetidas à hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger, e o rendimento de óleo essencial, determinado em porcentagem. Em seguida, o óleo essencial foi analisado quanto à composição por cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massas acoplada CG-EM, e determinado quanto ao potencial antioxidante na redução do DPPH e como antifúngico por difusão em ágar sobre o isolado de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. O rendimento médio de óleo essencial foi igual a 0,10%. Foram identificados 32 compostos, destacando-se os majoritários cariofileno E 9,76%, γ-muuroleno 16,69% e biciclogermacreno 39,82%. A atividade antioxidante apresentou 100% de redução do radical DPPH, para as concentrações entre 50 a 2 mg mL-1, e reduções de 85,77 a 13,18% (EC50) para as concentrações 1 a 0,031 mg mL-1de óleo essencial. Conclui-se que o óleo essencial de C. regium apresentou baixo rendimento, no entanto, contém muitos compostos sesquiterpenos hidrocarbonados e oxigenados, apresentando-se como excepcional agente antioxidante e antifúngico natural no combate a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Sendo assim, o óleo essencial das flores de C. regium se apresenta como um forte candidato para novas pesquisas que poderão ser aplicadas nas áreas da saúde, agrícola e alimentícia.
The Cerrado domain has numerous plant species that naturally produce essential oils, that are include in one of several classes of secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant and antifungal activities of the essential oil from Cochlospermum regium flowers. The flowers from C. regium were collected in an area of Cerrado, in Rio Verde/GO, Brazil. To extract the essential oil, 100 g of flowers were used, and then they were subjected to hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus, and the essential oil yield, determined in percentage. Then, the essential oil was analyzed for composition by gas chromatography with coupled mass spectrometry GC-MS, and determined as to the antioxidant potential in reducing DPPH and, as antifungal by agar diffusion in the isolate from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatograph associated with mass spectrometry CG-MS and its antioxidant potential was evaluated by the free radical sequestration technique DPPH. The average yield of essential oil was 0.10%. 32 compounds were identified, in especially majority caryophyllene E 9.76%, γ-muurolene 16.69% and bicyclogermacrene 39.82%. The antioxidant activity showed 100% reduction in the DPPH radical, for concentrations between 50 to 2 mg mL-1, and reductions of 85.77 to 13.18% (IC50) for concentrations 1 to 0.031 mg mL-1of the essential oil. It is concluded that the essential oil from C. regium showed low yield, however, it contains many hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes compounds, presenting itself as an exceptional natural antioxidant and...
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Antioxidantes , Bixaceae , Óleos Voláteis/químicaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing effects of the essential oil obtained from Ocimum gratissimum L. (OEOg) alone or in association with light-emitting diodes (LED) lights. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing activities against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated by the gaseous contact method. The analysis of the photoinductive effect on the antibacterial activity of the OEOg and antibiotics was assessed through exposure to different LED lights (red, blue and yellow). The phytochemical analysis identified five compounds, including eugenol, as the major constituent. The OEOg caused a significant inhibition of the halo, indicating a direct antibacterial effect. Exposure to the LED lights significantly enhanced the activity of the OEOg against E. coli. On the other hand, the action of the essential oil against S. aureus was enhanced by exposure to both blue and yellow lights. The effects of LED light exposure on the activity of conventional antibiotics varied significantly according to the drug and the bacterial strain. However, most combinations of LED lights and the OEOg presented synergistic effects against resistant bacterial strains, indicating enhanced antibacterial activity. Thus, these in vitro findings suggest that both OEOg and LED lights have promising antibacterial effects. Nevertheless, further research is required to evaluate in vivo the potential of these therapies for the treatment of infectious skin diseases.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Ocimum/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidadeRESUMO
O Cerrado apresenta uma exuberante flora adaptada aos mais variados tipos fitofisionômicos, onde o cerradão apresenta inúmeras espécies que constituem a flora brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de compostos fenólicos, atividade antioxidante, β-caroteno, licopeno e provitamina A em extratos etanólicos foliares de dezessete espécies vegetais coletadas em um fragmento de Cerrado no município de Rio Verde GO, caracterizado como cerradão. Os resultados apresentaram expressivos teores de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante, exceto para A. humile, B. intermedia e K. lathrophytum que não houve atividade antioxidante, bem como quantidades significativas de betacaroteno e provitamina A, para algumas delas. Foram observados também altos teores de licopeno em todos os extratos foliares avaliados. As espécies vegetais do Cerrado caracterizam importante material fitoquímico para produção de medicamentos e alimentos ricos em compostos químicos importantes para a saúde e bem estar humano e animal.
The Cerrado presents an exuberant flora adapted to the most varied types of phytophysiognomies, where the cerradão presentes numerous species that constitute the Brazilian flora. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, β-carotene, lycopene and provitamin A in foliar ethanolic extracts of seventeen plant species collected in a Cerrado fragmente in the municipality of Rio Verde - GO, characterized as cerradão. The results presented significant levels of total phenolics and antioxidant activity, except for A. humile, B. intermedia and K. lathr ophytum that there was no antioxidant activity, as well as significant amounts of beta-carotene and provitamin A, for some of them. High levels of lycopene were also observed in all leaf extracts evaluated. The Cerrado plant species characterize important phytochemical material for the production of drugs and foods rich in chemical compounds important for human and animal health and welfare.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Compostos Fenólicos/análise , Flora/análise , Licopeno/análise , Pradaria , Vitamina A/análise , beta Caroteno/análise , Brasil , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análiseRESUMO
O Cerrado apresenta uma exuberante flora adaptada aos mais variados tipos fitofisionômicos, onde o cerradão apresenta inúmeras espécies que constituem a flora brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de compostos fenólicos, atividade antioxidante, β-caroteno, licopeno e provitamina A em extratos etanólicos foliares de dezessete espécies vegetais coletadas em um fragmento de Cerrado no município de Rio Verde GO, caracterizado como cerradão. Os resultados apresentaram expressivos teores de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante, exceto para A. humile, B. intermedia e K. lathrophytum que não houve atividade antioxidante, bem como quantidades significativas de betacaroteno e provitamina A, para algumas delas. Foram observados também altos teores de licopeno em todos os extratos foliares avaliados. As espécies vegetais do Cerrado caracterizam importante material fitoquímico para produção de medicamentos e alimentos ricos em compostos químicos importantes para a saúde e bem estar humano e animal.(AU)
The Cerrado presents an exuberant flora adapted to the most varied types of phytophysiognomies, where the cerradão presentes numerous species that constitute the Brazilian flora. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, β-carotene, lycopene and provitamin A in foliar ethanolic extracts of seventeen plant species collected in a Cerrado fragmente in the municipality of Rio Verde - GO, characterized as cerradão. The results presented significant levels of total phenolics and antioxidant activity, except for A. humile, B. intermedia and K. lathr ophytum that there was no antioxidant activity, as well as significant amounts of beta-carotene and provitamin A, for some of them. High levels of lycopene were also observed in all leaf extracts evaluated. The Cerrado plant species characterize important phytochemical material for the production of drugs and foods rich in chemical compounds important for human and animal health and welfare.(AU)