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OBJECTIVE: to interpret the meanings attributed to the health-related quality of life by caregivers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study of 14 caregivers of adolescents with diabetes developed at the reference outpatient clinic for endocrine diseases in a city in the state of Paraíba. Interviews were performed between May and September 2021. Inductive thematic analysis of the empirical material, and its interpretation in light of the concepts of health-related quality of life and family functioning were performed. RESULTS: the meanings attributed by caregivers to the health-related quality of life of adolescents converged on the feeling of being healthy, healthy eating, satisfactory family income, family involvement in care and effective access to the care network. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: knowledge of these meanings enables health professionals to develop strategies that meet the unique demands of caregivers experiencing this diagnosis.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. METHOD: A quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study, developed in a municipality in northeastern Brazil, between March and September 2021, with 81 children/adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and their guardians/caregivers. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic and clinical variables and two quality of life instruments were used. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Adolescents whose parents had a family income greater than a minimum wage had a lower prevalence of impaired quality of life when compared to those with a lower income. Adolescents with time since diagnosis of less than four years had a satisfactory quality of life, and children aged 8 to 12 years who self-administered insulin had a lower prevalence of high quality of life compared to those who did not. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with a family income of less than a minimum wage, diagnosis time of more than four years and children aged 8-12 who self-administer insulin need greater professional support to have a better quality of life.

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OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the effect of an educational program on the knowledge of Primary Health Care nurses regarding the surveillance of growth and development during childcare appointments. METHOD: A before-after intervention study with 30 nurses. The nurses' knowledge and practice assessment were done using a tool that had been developed and validated. The educational activity was carried out, linking child growth and development indicators with public policies for early childhood and nurses' practices. David Ausubel's Significant Learning Theory was used as a teaching-learning strategy. The same instrument was reapplied after one month. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis and the proportion test, Wilcoxon test and Item Response Theory with the Rasch model were applied. RESULTS: The nurses checked more items right in the instrument after the intervention; there was an increase in the scores of correct answers and a decrease in the item response difficulty index in the knowledge and practice section, post-intervention. CONCLUSION: The educational activity had a positive effect, affecting changes in nurses' knowledge and practice, which enabled childcare consultations to become more qualified.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: to interpret the meanings attributed to the health-related quality of life by caregivers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study of 14 caregivers of adolescents with diabetes developed at the reference outpatient clinic for endocrine diseases in a city in the state of Paraíba. Interviews were performed between May and September 2021. Inductive thematic analysis of the empirical material, and its interpretation in light of the concepts of health-related quality of life and family functioning were performed. Results: the meanings attributed by caregivers to the health-related quality of life of adolescents converged on the feeling of being healthy, healthy eating, satisfactory family income, family involvement in care and effective access to the care network. Final Considerations: knowledge of these meanings enables health professionals to develop strategies that meet the unique demands of caregivers experiencing this diagnosis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: interpretar los significados atribuídos a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud por cuidadores de adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo-exploratorio con 14 cuidadores de adolescentes con diabetes desarrollado en el ambulatorio de referencia para enfermedades endocrinas de una ciudad del estado de Paraíba. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre mayo y septiembre de 2021. Se realizó un análisis temático inductivo del material empírico y su interpretación a la luz de los conceptos de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y funcionamiento familiar. Resultados: los significados atribuídos por los cuidadores a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los adolescentes convergieron en el sentimiento de estar sano, alimentación saludable, ingreso familiar satisfactorio, involucramiento familiar en el cuidado y acceso efectivo a la red de cuidados. Consideraciones Finales: el conocimiento de estos significados permite a los profesionales de la salud desarrollar estrategias que atiendan las demandas únicas de los cuidadores que experimentan este diagnóstico.

RESUMO Objetivo: interpretar os sentidos atribuídos à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde por cuidadoras de adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório desenvolvido no ambulatório de referência para doenças endócrinas em uma cidade da Paraíba com 14 cuidadoras de adolescentes com diabetes. As entrevistas ocorreram entre maio e setembro de 2021. O material empírico foi submetido à análise temática indutiva e interpretado à luz dos conceitos de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e do funcionamento familiar. Resultados: os sentidos atribuídos pelas cuidadoras à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos adolescentes convergiram para sensação de estar com saúde, alimentação saudável, renda familiar satisfatória, envolvimento da família no cuidado e acesso efetivo à rede assistencial. Considerações Finais: o conhecimento destes sentidos possibilita que os profissionais de saúde elaborem estratégias que atendam às demandas singulares de cuidadores que vivenciam esse diagnóstico.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the use of digital screens in early childhood, from the perspective of mothers and education professionals. METHOD: Qualitative study, based on Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory. Nine mothers of children under three years of age, enrolled in daycare centers in a municipality in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and six education professionals who worked in these daycare centers participated. The data were collected between July and October 2021 via virtual interviews and analyzed according to inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: The restrictions imposed by the pandemic made screens the only available resource for children's educational activities, interaction, leisure, and distraction, causing an exponential increase in the time they spent in front of screens. CONCLUSION: The pandemic had a direct impact on the use of digital screens in early childhood, increasing the child's exposure time, according to parents and education professionals.

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A convergent parallel mixed methods design with qualitative data collection embedded in a quasi-experimental study was developed to examine the potential of three modalities of preparation for hospital discharge of the families of children with chronic diseases in terms of uncertainty levels and management of the disease at home. Caregivers of these children were divided into three groups: two experimental groups and one control group. Two scales were applied: one measured family management, and the other evaluated uncertainties in relation to the disease. In addition, an in-depth interview was conducted. Wilcoxon's test and the integrated response index were used in data analysis to compare performance between the groups. Inductive thematic analysis was employed for the qualitative data. The data were integrated, comparing the groups before and after preparation for hospital discharge. Twenty-five family caregivers completed this study. Data integration showed that the intervention group, in which the families developed planning to prepare for discharge in a dialogical way with professionals, presented better perceptions regarding care management when compared to structured guide and usual care groups. Participation of families in planning for hospital discharge showed a reduction in uncertainties regarding the disease and better care management of children at home.

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Objetivo: identificar o perfil social e clínico de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e descritiva, desenvolvida com 81 responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 entre março e setembro/2021, em dois centros de referência da Paraíba. A análise descritiva foi realizada com auxílio do software Statistical Package for the Social Science, versão 18. Resultados: predominantemente, os acompanhantes das crianças e adolescentes eram as próprias mães, 90,1%, e cerca de 40% viviam com renda familiar menor que um salário mínimo. Entre as crianças e adolescentes, 54% apresentaram valores elevados de hemoglobina glicada, mesmo estando em tratamento; 65,4% indicaram desconhecimento na forma correta de armazenamento da insulina, e 77,6% possuía lipohipertrofia. Conclusão: foram preponderantes a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e o manejo clínico ineficaz do diabetes mellitus tipo 1 em crianças e adolescentes.

Objective: to identify the social and clinical profile of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive research, developed with 81 guardians of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus between March and September/2021, in two reference centers in Paraiba. The descriptive analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science software, version 18. Results: predominantly, the companions of the children and adolescents were the mothers themselves, 90.1%, and about 40% lived with family income lower than a minimum wage. Among the children and adolescents, 54% had high glycated hemoglobin values, even though they were undergoing treatment; 65.4% indicated ignorance of the correct form of insulin storage, and 77.6% had lipohypertrophy. Conclusion: socioeconomic vulnerability and ineffective clinical management of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents were predominant.

Objetivo: identificar el perfil social y clínico de niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Método: investigación cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva, realizada con 81 cuidadores de niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 entre marzo y septiembre/2021, en dos centros de referencia en Paraíba. El análisis descriptivo fue realizado mediante el software Statistical Package for Social Science, versión 18. Resultados: predominantemente, los acompañantes de los niños y adolescentes eran sus madres, el 90,1%, y cerca del 40% vivían con renta familiar inferior a un salario mínimo. Entre los niños y adolescentes, el 54% presentaba niveles elevados de hemoglobina glucosilada, a pesar de estar en tratamiento; El 65,4% indicó desconocer la forma correcta de almacenar la insulina y el 77,6% presentaba lipohipertrofia. Conclusión: predominó la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y el manejo clínico ineficaz de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en niños y adolescentes.

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RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the use of digital screens in early childhood, from the perspective of mothers and education professionals. Method: Qualitative study, based on Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory. Nine mothers of children under three years of age, enrolled in daycare centers in a municipality in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and six education professionals who worked in these daycare centers participated. The data were collected between July and October 2021 via virtual interviews and analyzed according to inductive thematic analysis. Results: The restrictions imposed by the pandemic made screens the only available resource for children's educational activities, interaction, leisure, and distraction, causing an exponential increase in the time they spent in front of screens. Conclusion: The pandemic had a direct impact on the use of digital screens in early childhood, increasing the child's exposure time, according to parents and education professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las repercusiones de la pandemia de Covid-19 en el uso de pantallas digitales en la primera infancia, desde la perspectiva de las madres y los profesionales de la educación. Método: Estudio cualitativo, basado en la Teoría Bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner. Participaron nueve madres de niños menores de tres años, matriculados en guarderías de un municipio del estado de Paraíba, Brasil, y seis profesionales de la educación que actuaban en esas guarderías. Los datos se recogieron entre julio y octubre de 2021 mediante entrevista virtual y se analizaron según un análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: Las restricciones impuestas por la pandemia convirtieron a las pantallas en el único recurso disponible para las actividades educativas, la interacción, el ocio y la distracción de los niños, lo que provocó un aumento exponencial del tiempo que pasaban frente a ellas. Conclusión: La pandemia tuvo un impacto directo en el uso de pantallas digitales en la primera infancia, repercutiendo en el aumento del tiempo de exposición del niño, según padres y profesionales de la educación.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a repercussão da pandemia da Covid-19 no uso de telas digitais na primeiríssima infância, na perspectiva de mães e profissionais da educação. Método: Estudo qualitativo, baseado na Teoria Bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner. Participaram nove mães de crianças menores de três anos, matriculadas em creches de um município do estado da Paraíba, Brasil e seis profissionais da educação, que atuavam nessas creches. Os dados foram coletados entre julho e outubro de 2021 por meio de entrevista virtual e analisados conforme a análise temática indutiva. Resultados: As restrições impostas pela pandemia fizeram das telas o único recurso disponível para as atividades educativas, interação, lazer e distração das crianças, causando aumento exponencial no tempo em que essas passaram diante das telas. Conclusão: A pandemia repercutiu diretamente no uso de telas digitais na primeiríssima infância, impactando no aumento do tempo de exposição da criança, segundo os pais e profissionais da educação.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the effect and influence of an educational intervention on childcare consultation on nurses' knowledge and practice. Method: a mixed research method was adopted, with a sequential explanatory design, characterized by a stage with a quantitative approach, developed in a quasi-experimental study, with 30 nurses, followed by a qualitative one, carried out by in-depth interview, with 11 nurses working in the Family Health Units of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. In quantitative analysis, descriptive statistics and proportion test were used, and in qualitative analysis, thematic analysis was used. Results: the effect of the educational intervention was statistically significant in the consultation dimensions: consultation frequency; child nutrition; physical examination; growth assessment; development assessment; and health education. In the qualitative stage, the influence of the intervention in expanding knowledge and changing some nurses' practices in the aforementioned dimensions was understood, with agreement between the data found. Conclusion: the positive effect of the educational intervention on nurses' knowledge and practice in childcare consultations was evident, enabling them to reflect on the content covered and promote changes in their daily lives.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar el efecto e influencia de una intervención educativa en la consulta de puericultura sobre el conocimiento y la práctica de las enfermeras. Método: se adoptó un método de investigación mixto, con diseño explicativo secuencial, caracterizado por una etapa con enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en un estudio cuasiexperimental, con 30 enfermeros, seguido de uno cualitativo, realizado por entrevista en profundidad. con 11 enfermeros trabajando en las Unidades de Salud de la Familia de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. En el análisis cuantitativo se utilizó estadística descriptiva y prueba de proporciones, y en el análisis cualitativo se utilizó análisis temático. Resultados: el efecto de la intervención educativa fue estadísticamente significativo en las dimensiones de la consulta: frecuencia de consulta; nutrición infantil; examen físico; evaluación del crecimiento; evaluación del desarrollo; y educación sanitaria. En la etapa cualitativa se comprendió la influencia de la intervención en la ampliación del conocimiento y el cambio de algunas prácticas de enfermería en las dimensiones before mencionadas, existiendo concordancia entre los datos encontrados. Conclusión: fue evidente el efecto positivo de la intervención educativa en el conocimiento y la práctica de los enfermeros en las consultas de puericultura, permitiéndoles reflexionar sobre los contenidos tratados y promover cambios en su vida cotidiana.

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar o efeito e a influência de uma intervenção educativa sobre consulta de puericultura no conhecimento e na prática de enfermeiros. Método: adotou-se o método misto de pesquisa, com o desenho explanatório sequencial, caracterizado por uma etapa com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida no estudo quase-experimental, com 30 enfermeiros, seguida por uma qualitativa, realizada por entrevista em profundidade, com 11 enfermeiros atuantes nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Na análise quantitativa, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e o teste de proporção, e na qualitativa a análise temática. Resultados: o efeito da intervenção educativa foi estatisticamente significante nas dimensões da consulta: Periodicidade da consulta, Alimentação da criança, Exame físico, Avaliação do crescimento, Avaliação do desenvolvimento e Educação em saúde. Na etapa qualitativa, compreendeu-se a influência da intervenção na ampliação do conhecimento e mudança de algumas práticas dos enfermeiros nas dimensões supracitadas, havendo concordância entre os dados encontrados. Conclusão: evidenciou-se o efeito positivo da intervenção educativa no conhecimento e na prática dos enfermeiros nas consultas de puericultura, possibilitando-lhes refletir sobre os conteúdos abordados e promover mudanças no seu cotidiano.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluating the effect of an educational program on the knowledge of Primary Health Care nurses regarding the surveillance of growth and development during childcare appointments. Method: A before-after intervention study with 30 nurses. The nurses' knowledge and practice assessment were done using a tool that had been developed and validated. The educational activity was carried out, linking child growth and development indicators with public policies for early childhood and nurses' practices. David Ausubel's Significant Learning Theory was used as a teaching-learning strategy. The same instrument was reapplied after one month. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis and the proportion test, Wilcoxon test and Item Response Theory with the Rasch model were applied. Results: The nurses checked more items right in the instrument after the intervention; there was an increase in the scores of correct answers and a decrease in the item response difficulty index in the knowledge and practice section, post-intervention. Conclusion: The educational activity had a positive effect, affecting changes in nurses' knowledge and practice, which enabled childcare consultations to become more qualified.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un programa educativo sobre los conocimientos de las enfermeras de atención primaria acerca del seguimiento del crecimiento y el desarrollo durante las consultas de puericultura. Método: Estudio de intervención antes-después realizado con 30 enfermeras. Se evaluaron los conocimientos y la práctica de las enfermeras mediante un instrumento elaborado y validado. Se realizó la actividad educativa, articulando los indicadores de crecimiento y desarrollo infantil con las políticas públicas para la primera infancia y las prácticas de las enfermeras. Se utilizó la Teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo de David Ausubel como estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El mismo instrumento fue reaplicado después de un mes. En el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva y se aplicó la prueba de proporciones, la prueba de Wilcoxon y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem con el modelo de Rasch. Resultados: Las enfermeras acertaron más ítems del instrumento después de la intervención; hubo un aumento en las puntuaciones de respuestas correctas y una disminución en el índice de dificultad de respuesta al ítem en la sección de conocimientos y práctica, post-intervención. Conclusión: La actividad educativa tuvo un efecto positivo, que se tradujo en cambios en los conocimientos y la práctica de las enfermeras, lo que permitió que las consultas de puericultura fueran más cualificadas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de uma ação educativa no conhecimento de enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde, para a vigilância do crescimento e do desenvolvimento na consulta de puericultura. Método: Estudo de intervenção do tipo antes-depois realizado com 30 enfermeiros. Avaliou-se o conhecimento e a prática dos enfermeiros mediante instrumento construído e validado. Realizou-se a atividade educativa, articulando indicadores de crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil com políticas públicas da primeira infância e as práticas do enfermeiro. Utilizou-se a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem. O mesmo instrumento foi reaplicado após um mês. Na análise, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e aplicaram-se os testes de proporção, Wilcoxon e a Teoria da Resposta ao Item com o modelo de Rasch. Resultados: Os enfermeiros acertaram mais itens do instrumento após a intervenção; houve elevação dos escores de acertos e diminuição do índice de dificuldade de resposta ao item na seção do conhecimento e da prática, pós-intervenção. Conclusão: A atividade educativa teve efeito positivo, repercutindo mudanças do conhecimento e da prática dos enfermeiros, a qual possibilitou que a consulta de puericultura se tornasse mais qualificada.

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