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CONTEXT: Rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) generally involve balance-perturbation training (BPT). Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) are the primary strategies used to maintain equilibrium during body perturbations. Little is known, however, about how APAs and CPAs are modified to promote better postural control for individuals with CAI after BPT. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of BPT that involves kicking a ball on postural-control strategies in individuals with CAI. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: We randomly assigned 44 volunteers with CAI to either a training group (TG; 11 women, 11 men; age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 173.0 ± 9.8 cm, mass = 72.64 ± 11.98 kg) or control group (CG; 11 women, 11 men; age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 171.0 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 70.00 ± 11.03 kg). INTERVENTION(S): The TG performed a single 30-minute training session that involved kicking a ball while standing on 1 foot. The CG received no intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome was the sum of the integrated electromyographic activity (∑∫EMG) of the lower extremity muscles in the supporting limb that were calculated during typical intervals for APAs and CPAs. A secondary outcome was center-of-pressure displacement during similar intervals. RESULTS: In the TG after training, the ∑∫EMG decreased in both dorsal and ventral muscles during compensatory adjustment (ie, the time interval that followed lower limb movement). During this interval, muscle activity (∑∫EMG) was less in the TG than in the CG. Consequently, center-of-pressure displacement increased during the task after training. CONCLUSIONS: A single session of ball-kicking BPT promoted changes in postural-control strategies in individuals with CAI. These results should stimulate new and more comprehensive studies to investigate the effect of this and other BPT techniques on postural control in patients with CAI.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticipatory (APA) and compensatory (CPA) postural adjustments in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) during lateral instability of posture. Twenty-six subjects (13 individuals with PD and 13 healthy matched controls) were exposed to predictable lateral postural perturbations. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lateral muscles and the displacement of the center of pressure (COP) were recorded during four time intervals that are typical for postural adjustments, i.e., immediately before (APA1, APA2) and after (CPA1 and CPA2) the postural disturbances. The magnitude of the activity of the lateral muscles in the group with PD was lower only during the CPA time intervals and not during the anticipatory adjustments (APAs). Despite this finding, subjects with PD exhibit smaller COP excursions before and after the disturbance, probably due to lack of flexibility and proprioceptive impairments. The results of this study suggest that postural instability in subjects with PD can be partially explained by decreased postural sway, before and after perturbations, and reduced muscular activity after body disturbances. Our findings can motivate new studies to investigate therapeutic interventions that optimize the use of postural adjustment strategies in subjects with PD.

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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A incapacidade de estabilização da coluna vertebral, causada pelo desequilíbrio entre a função dos músculos extensores e flexores do tronco, é um forte indício de desenvolvimento de distúrbios da coluna lombar. O exercício, frequentemente referido como Pilates® preconiza a melhora das relações musculares agonista e antagonista, favorecendo o trabalho dos músculos estabilizadores, prevenindo diversos distúrbios na coluna lombar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade do método Pilates no tratamento de pacientes com lombalgia crônica. RELATO DOS CASOS: Foram estudadas 7 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos, com diagnóstico clínico de lombalgia crônica e com habilidade para executar os exercícios do nível básico e intermediário do método Pilates. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de avaliação e medida a escala analógica visual (EAV) de dor e o Questionário de Oswestry de lombalgia, além de um Questionário de Identificação. A análise dos dados foi feita por média aritmética simples. Houve melhora significativa da dor, demonstrada pela EAV que, inicialmente, apresentava média de 7 e após 3 meses de tratamento, diminuiu para 1,7. Houve melhora na qualidade de vida, com redução do Índice de Oswestry de 36,8% para 8% após 3 meses de tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: O método Pilates foi efetivo no tratamento de pacientes portadores de lombalgia crônica, diminuindo a dor e as incapacidades.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The inability to stabilize the spine due to the unbalance between trunk extensor and flexor muscles is a strong indication of the development of lumbar spine disorders. The exercise commonly referred to as Pilates® advocates improvement of muscle agonist and antagonist relations favoring the work of stabilizing muscles and preventing several lumbar spine disorders. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of Pilates to treat chronic low back pain. CASE REPORTS: We have evaluated seven female patients aged between 18 and 50 years, with clinical diagnosis of chronic low back pain and able to perform basic and intermediate Pilates exercises. Evaluation tools were the pain visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry's low back pain questionnaire, in addition to an Identification Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by simple arithmetic average. There has been significant pain improvement by VAS which initially had a mean of 7 and after 3 months of treatment has decreased to 1.7. There has been improvement in quality of life, with Owestry's index decreasing from 36.8% to 8% after 3 months of treatment. CONCLUSION: Pilates was effective to treat chronic low back pain, having improved pain and incapacities.

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