RESUMO
Mast cells and eosinophils actively participate in tissue repair and are prominent components of Schistosoma mansoni granulomas. Since pentoxifillyne (PTX) is an immunomodulatory and antifibrotic substance, we aimed to characterize, by morphological techniques, the effect of this drug on fibrosis developed inside murine hepatic schistosomal granulomatous reaction, beyond the quantification of eosinophil and mast cell populations. The drug (1 mg/100 g animal weight) was administrated from 35 to 90 days post-infection, when the animals were killed. The intragranulomatous interstitial collagen network was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, the number of eosinophils and mast cells was quantified and the results were validated by t-student test. Treatment did not interfere on the granuloma evolution but caused a significant decrease in the total and involutive number of hepatic granulomas (p = 0.01 and 0.001, respectively), and in the intragranulomatous accumulation of eosinophils (p = 0.0001). Otherwise, the number of mast cells was not significantly altered (p = 0.9); however, it was positively correlated with the number of granulomatous structures (r = 0.955). In conclusion, PTX does not affect development and collagen deposition in S. mansoni murine granuloma, but decreases the intragranulomatous eosinophil accumulation possibly due to its immunomodulatory capability, interfering in cellular recruitment and/or differentiation.
Assuntos
Eosinófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Matriz Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Granuloma/patologia , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Pentoxifilina/farmacologia , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/farmacologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/complicações , Animais , Colágeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Granuloma/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Pentoxifilina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
After three successive treatments with oxamniquine the continuing elimination of Schistosoma mansoni eggs was observed in patients, who came from various regions of Brazil, with different clinical forms of schistosomiasis. The objective of the present study was to determine the experimental behaviour of five different S. mansoni isolates in Swiss Webster mice that were submitted to treatment with the same drug. The experimental group with failure of treatment showed higher mean number of surviving male worms when it was compared to the group without failure of treatment. These date suggest the possibility of resistance to oxamniquine.
Assuntos
Oxamniquine/uso terapêutico , Schistosoma mansoni , Esquistossomose mansoni/tratamento farmacológico , Esquistossomicidas/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Resistência a Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
We compared in a randomized double-blind study, the postoperative analgesia and degree of motor block produced by the new local anaesthetic ropivacaine, with bupivacaine, for caudal anaesthesia in children. Eighty children, 2-5-years-old, ASA I, received one of two local anaesthetics; either ropivacaine 0.25% (1.0 ml x kg(-1)) or bupivacaine 0.25% (1.0 ml x kg(-1)). They were sedated with a continuous infusion of propofol (200 microg x kg(-1) min(-1). The lungs were ventilated with a mixture of 50% nitrous oxide with oxygen. 60 min after local anaesthetic injection, and every 60 min, the extent of the motor block in the recovery room was scored as 1-3, according to a modified Bromage scale. Adverse events and the time to the first analgesic requirement were reported. Patients in the two groups did not differ with respect to age, weight and height. There were no differences in heart rate and arterial pressure between the two groups(P>0.05). No adverse events were observed. The ropivacaine group showed a shorter duration of motor block than the bupivacaine group (P<0.05). The first postoperative analgesic requirement was a mean (sd) of 5 h+/-4.32 after the operation in the ropivacaine group and 5 h+/-3.81 for the bupivacaine group. These findings suggest that caudal anaesthesia with ropivacaine 0.25% in paediatric patients can be effective, with less motor blockade in the postoperative period.
Assuntos
Amidas/administração & dosagem , Anestesia Caudal , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Analgesia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Intravenosos/administração & dosagem , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Sedação Consciente , Método Duplo-Cego , Seguimentos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Neurônios Motores/efeitos dos fármacos , Bloqueio Nervoso , Óxido Nitroso/administração & dosagem , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Ropivacaina , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We have determined the effectiveness and degree of motor block produced by the new local anaesthetic, ropivacaine, when used for caudal anaesthesia in children. We studied 60 children, aged 3-6 yr, ASA I, allocated randomly in a double-blind manner, to receive one of two local anaesthetics: 0.375% ropivacaine 1.0 ml kg-1 or 0.375% bupivacaine 1.0 ml kg-1. Patients were anaesthetized with continuous infusion of propofol 200 micrograms kg-1 min-1. The lungs were ventilated with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Heart rate and arterial pressure were measured every 5 min after administration of local anaesthetic until discharge from the recovery room. The extent of motor block in the recovery room was scored as 1-3. Adverse events and time to first analgesic requirements were recorded. Patients in the two groups did not differ in age, weight or height. There were no differences in heart rate or arterial pressure between the two groups. No adverse events were observed. The degree of motor block was significantly different between the two groups. The ropivacaine group showed a shorter duration of motor block than the bupivacaine group (P < 0.05). Postoperative analgesia was required at a mean time of 5 (SD 3.2) h in the ropivacaine group compared with 5 (2.8) h in the bupivacaine group. These findings suggest that caudal anaesthesia with ropivacaine in paediatric patients is effective and produces less motor block in the postoperative period.
Assuntos
Amidas , Anestesia Caudal/métodos , Anestésicos Locais , Bupivacaína , Amidas/farmacologia , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Bupivacaína/farmacologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Criptorquidismo/cirurgia , Método Duplo-Cego , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Movimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Período Pós-Operatório , RopivacainaRESUMO
A clinical study on the evolution of patients with schistosomiasis mansoni has been conducted since 1983 at the outpatient clinic of the Infectious and Parasitic Disease Service in the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, comparing prevalence of positive tests for HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, and anti-HBc among patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni coming from various regions of Brazil and with different clinical forms of the disease. A non-significant predominance of HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, and anti-HBc was detected among patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis, who presented a more severe clinical evolution with a higher frequency of hematemesis and/or melena, in addition to the development of macronodular cirrhosis and a worse prognosis as compared to patients with the toxemic form, schistosomiasis-infection and the hepatointestinal form.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/complicações , Esquistossomose mansoni/complicações , Brasil , Feminino , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , PrognósticoAssuntos
Gravidez , Criança , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez na Adolescência , Pré-Eclâmpsia/etiologia , Anestesia Intravenosa , Exame FísicoRESUMO
A preliminary study showed that B. glabrata infected with strains of S. mansoni isolated from patients with the hepatosplenic form of the disease produced a higher number of cercariae and died sooner than those infected with strains from the intestinal and hepatointestinal forms. However, further studies showed a great variation of the number of cercariae produced by some of those strains in the same system, without relation with the clinical form of the disease.