RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Complete pulmonary metastasectomy for sarcoma metastases provides patients an opportunity for long-term survival and possible cure. Intraoperative localization of preoperatively identified metastases and identification of occult lesions can be challenging. In this trial, we evaluated the efficacy of near-infrared (NIR) intraoperative imaging using second window indocyanine green during metastasectomy to identify known metastases and to detect occult nodules. METHODS: Thirty patients with pulmonary nodules suspicious for sarcoma metastases were enrolled in an open-label, feasibility study (NCT02280954). All patients received intravenous indocyanine green (5 mg/kg) 24 hours before metastasectomy. Patients 1 through 10 (cohort 1) underwent metastasectomy via thoracotomy to assess fluorescence patterns of nodules detected by traditional methods (preoperative imaging and intraoperative visualization/bimanual palpation). After confirming reliability within cohort 1, patients 11 through 30 (cohort 2) underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery metastasectomy with NIR imaging. RESULTS: In cohort 1, 14 out of 16 preoperatively identified pulmonary metastases (87.5%) displayed tumor fluorescence. Nonfluorescent metastases were deeper than fluorescent metastases (2.1 cm vs 1.3 cm; P = .03). Five out of 5 metastases identified during thoracotomy displayed fluorescence. NIR imaging identified 3 additional occult lesions in this cohort. In cohort 2, 33 out of 37 known pulmonary metastases (89.1%) displayed fluorescence. Nonfluorescent tumors were deeper than 2.0 cm (P = .007). NIR imaging identified 24 additional occult lesions. Of 24 occult lesions, 21 (87.5%) were confirmed metastases and the remaining 3 nodules were lymphoid aggregates. CONCLUSIONS: NIR intraoperative imaging with indocyanine green (5 mg/kg and 24 hours before surgery) localizes known sarcoma pulmonary metastases and identifies otherwise occult lesions. This approach may be a useful intraoperative adjunct to improve metastasectomy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Metastasectomia/métodos , Nódulos Pulmonares Múltiplos/cirurgia , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Pneumonectomia , Sarcoma/cirurgia , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/cirurgia , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida , Toracotomia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Corantes Fluorescentes/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Verde de Indocianina/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Masculino , Metastasectomia/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nódulos Pulmonares Múltiplos/diagnóstico por imagem , Nódulos Pulmonares Múltiplos/secundário , Pneumonectomia/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Sarcoma/secundário , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/diagnóstico por imagem , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/secundário , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/efeitos adversos , Toracotomia/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Tumoral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine if delaying the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy following radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer worsens overall survival. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Cancer Database from 2006 to 2013. We included treatment-naïve patients who underwent radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer found to have locally advanced disease (pT3-T4 and/or pN+). Patients received no chemotherapy or multiagent adjuvant chemotherapy between 30 and 180 days following surgery. We used a multivariable Cox Regression to assess for differences in overall survival according to when patients initiated adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: We identified 3590 patients: 2581 received no chemotherapy and 1009 received multiagent adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy began 31-60 days postsurgery in 538 patients, 61-90 days in 321 patients, and 91-180 days in 150 patients. Relative to patients who did not receive chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy decreased mortality when started 31-60 days (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.69; P <.001), 61-90 days (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.53-0.74; P <.001), and 91-180 days following radical cystectomy (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.87; Pâ¯=â¯.002). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy offers a survival benefit when started up to 6 months after radical cystectomy in patients with high-risk disease who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who require delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy can still benefit from treatment.