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The research investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with Artemia sp. enriched with the autochthonous probiotic Enterococcus faecium on growth performance, microbiota modulation, intestinal morphology, and resistance to pathogenic bacteria of Megaleporinus macrocephalus larvae. The study evaluated four treatments (C: without probiotics; T1: 1 × 104; T2: 1 × 106; and T3: 1 × 108 CFU·mL-1) in quadruplicates. The larvae (n = 160; weight = 5.3 ± 2.3 mg and length = 3.73 ± 0.4 mm) were distributed in 16 L containers at a density of 10 larvae·L-1 for 20 days. The productive performance, survival, gut microbiology, and histology were measured. The larvae were also submitted to acute challenge against the pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that supplementation with 1 × 108 CFU·mL-1 promotes greater gain in length (13.78 ± 0.40 cm) and total weight (0.08 ± 0.002 g), higher counts of lactic acid bacteria and lower total heterotrophic in the intestines (7.11 ± 0.30; 0.12 ± 0.09 log CFU·g-1, respectively) and larger villi (0.26 ± 0.03 µm). Diets containing probiotics influenced the animals' resistance to acute infection, with a lower accumulated mortality in T3 (33% ± 11.54%) and a higher one in C+ (93% ± 11.54%). Thus, probiotic supplementation with the autochthonous bacterium E. faecium (1 × 108 CFU·mL-1) provides zootechnical improvement, villus increase and greater resistance to infections.(AU)

A pesquisa investigou o efeito da suplementação dietética com Artemia sp. enriquecida com o probiótico autóctone Enterococcus faecium no desempenho do crescimento, modulação da microbiota, morfologia intestinal e resistência a bactérias patogênicas em larvas de Megaleporinus macrocephalus. O estudo avaliou quatro tratamentos (C: sem probióticos; T1: 1 × 104; T2: 1 × 106; e T3: 1 × 108 UFC·mL-1) em quadruplicata. As larvas (n = 160; peso = 5,3 ± 2,3 mg e comprimento = 3,73 ± 0,4 mm) foram distribuídas em recipientes de 16 L na densidade de 10 larvas·L-1 por 20 dias. Desempenho produtivo, sobrevivência, microbiologia e histologia intestinal foram medidos. As larvas também foram submetidas a desafio agudo contra a bactéria patogênica Aeromonas hydrophila. Os resultados mostraram que a suplementação com 1 × 108 UFC·mL-1 promoveu maior ganho de comprimento (13,78 ± 0,40 cm) e peso total (0,08 ± 0,002 g), maior contagem de bactérias lácticas e menor de heterotróficos totais nos intestinos (7,11 ± 0,30; 0,12 ± 0,09 log UFC·g-1, respectivamente) e maiores vilosidades (0,26 ± 0,03 µm). As dietas contendo probióticos influenciaram a resistência dos animais à infecção aguda, com menor mortalidade acumulada em T3 (33,33% ± 11,54%) e maior em C+ (93,33% ± 11,54%). Assim, a suplementação probiótica com a bactéria autóctone E. faecium(1 × 108 UFC·mL-1) proporciona melhora zootécnica, aumento de vilosidades e maior resistência a infecções.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different salinized water (0, 3 and 6 g L-1) and sto-cking densities (10, 15 and 20 larvae L-1) in Heros severus larviculture. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3x3 factorial design, with three replicates. For this, a total of 405 larvae of H. severus were randomly distributed in 27 aquariums (1L) according to the treatments and after 15 days all the larvae were measured, weighed and counted. Higher values for final length, length gain and specific growth rate were observed in H. severus larvae raised at any stocking density tested at 3 g L-1 of salinized water (p < 0.05). The final weight and weight gain followed the same trend of the length, being higher in fish submitted to 3 g L-1 of salinized water (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the salinized water of 6 g L-1 was detrimental to larvae weight uniformity and survival rate (p < 0.05). The fish stocked at densities of 15 or 20 larvae L-1 presented the best results of final weight and weight gain (p < 0.05). The stocking density of 20 larvae L-1 in salinized water at 3 g L-1 is recommended for H. severus larviculture.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes águas salinizadas (0, 3 e 6 g L-1) e densidades de estocagem (10, 15 e 20 larvas L-1) na larvicultura de Heros severus. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x3, com três repetições. Para isso, 405 larvas de H. severus foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 27 aquários (1 L), de acordo com os tratamentos e, 15 dias depois, todas foram medidas, pesadas e contadas. Maiores valores de comprimento final, ganho de comprimento e taxa de crescimento específico foram observados em larvas criadas em qualquer densidade testada a 3 g L-1 de água salinizada (p < 0,05). O peso final e o ganho de peso seguiram a ten-dência do comprimento, sendo maiores nos peixes submetidos a 3 g L-1 de água salinizada (p < 0,05). Por outro lado, a água salinizada a 6 g L-1 prejudicou a uniformidade do peso e a taxa de sobrevivência das larvas (p < 0,05). Os peixes estocados nas densidades de 15 ou 20 larvas L-1 apresentaram os me-lhores resultados de peso final e ganho de peso (p < 0,05). A densidade de estocagem de 20 larvas L-1 em água salinizada a 3 g L-1 é recomendada para a larvicultura de H. severus.(AU)

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Extensive ecosystem restoration is increasingly seen as being central to conserving biodiversity1 and stabilizing the climate of the Earth2. Although ambitious national and global targets have been set, global priority areas that account for spatial variation in benefits and costs have yet to be identified. Here we develop and apply a multicriteria optimization approach that identifies priority areas for restoration across all terrestrial biomes, and estimates their benefits and costs. We find that restoring 15% of converted lands in priority areas could avoid 60% of expected extinctions while sequestering 299 gigatonnes of CO2-30% of the total CO2 increase in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. The inclusion of several biomes is key to achieving multiple benefits. Cost effectiveness can increase up to 13-fold when spatial allocation is optimized using our multicriteria approach, which highlights the importance of spatial planning. Our results confirm the vast potential contributions of restoration to addressing global challenges, while underscoring the necessity of pursuing these goals synergistically.

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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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What controls the formation of patchy substrates of white sand vegetation in the Amazonian lowlands is still unclear. This research integrated the geological history and plant inventories of a white sand vegetation patch confined to one large fan-shaped sandy substrate of northern Amazonia, which is related to a megafan environment. We examined floristic patterns to determine whether abundant species are more often generalists than the rarer one, by comparing the megafan environments and older basement rocks. We also investigated the pattern of species accumulation as a function of increasing sampling effort. All plant groups recorded a high proportion of generalist species on the megafan sediments compared to older basement rocks. The vegetation structure is controlled by topographic gradients resulting from the smooth slope of the megafan morphology and microreliefs imposed by various megafan subenvironments. Late Pleistocene-Holocene environmental disturbances caused by megafan sedimentary processes controlled the distribution of white sand vegetation over a large area of the Amazonian lowlands, and may have also been an important factor in species diversification during this period. The integration of geological and biological data may shed new light on the existence of many patches of white sand vegetation from the plains of northern Amazonia.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization and the biological nitrogen fixation efficiency in soybean crops grown in unfavorable environments (high temperature, low fertility, and areas with sandy soil). Six field experiments were conducted between 2015 and 2018. Two experiments were performed per year. They were conducted in two separate areas. One was previously covered with degraded pasture (post-pasture area). The other was previously used to plant soybean (post-soybean crop area). The treatments consisted of inoculations with N-fixing bacteria (NFB) (0, 4, 8, and 12 doses ha-1) and N fertilization with rates of 0, 25, 50, and 100 kg ha-1. N fertilization and inoculation with NFB increased soil N, though the levels were still low. Among the tested groups, those with the application of eight doses of inoculant recorded the highest grain yields in post-soybean areas. They showed 10% (237 kg ha-1) and 15% (336 kg ha-1) higher grain yields when compared to crops treated without inoculant and crops with four doses of inoculant, respectively. N fertilization with 25 and 100 kg ha-1 decreased the root nodules of soybean plants grown in the post-soybean and post-pasture areas, respectively. Soybean crops grown on degraded pasture areas also showed good response to N fertilization (50 kg ha-1) when combined with NFB inoculation (12 doses ha-1). These showed grain yields 22% (439 kg ha-1) higher than those of plants treated with just 12 doses of inoculant and no N fertilization.

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características visuais, realizando macroscopia e microscopia óptica, além de enumeração de bolores e leveduras do peixe salgado comercializado no município de Bragança-Pa, sendo esta última verificação realizada em Ágar Batata acidificado. As seis coletas foram feitas entre Novembro e Dezembro de 2018, demonstrando macroscópica e microscopicamente significativas alterações. As colônias dos microorganismos mostraram-se representativas, densas e de coloração escura. Portanto, o produto comercializado é um risco a saúde do consumidor devido irregularidades em sua qualidade. Portanto, os órgãos públicos devem incentivar e promover melhorias para que o comércio possa oferecer um produto de qualidade, além de medidas para que haja conscientização sobre boas práticas de manipulação.(AU)

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