RESUMO
The demography and behaviour of Teinopodagrion oscillans was studied in a protected area in the Andean region of Colombia. Adult damselflies were individually marked, and using their recapture histories, we estimated survival, longevity, sex ratio, and population size using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Other aspects of their behaviour were recorded. Survival, recapture, and lifespan (14.1 ± 0.59 days) were similar for both sexes and all age groups. Mature males were larger, and the distance from the water was similar for all individuals. The most supported model was the time-dependent model for survival and recapture. This suggests that weather variations affect the demography of this population in a significant way. Individuals exhibited high fidelity to their site perch, perching with open wings near water on a variety of perches. Mature males make short flights from the perch to intercept conspecific and interspecific males and to hunt prey. The tandem position was formed on macrophytes, and then the pair flew away. Oviposition lasted for 11.23 min on average, with the females ovipositing by abdomen submersion. Our results offer insights into the demographic characteristics and behaviour of this species, providing crucial information for the short- and long-term, from the demography of one species to the conservation of ecosystems of the Andean region.
RESUMO
Among the oldest winged insects, odonates are a monophyletic order that have become important models for ecological studies because of their highly diverse reproductive behaviors and their role as top predators and bioindicators. However, knowledge on evolutionary relationships within the order is still scarce compared to other taxa, and this situation is even more complicated in areas with high biodiversity, such as in the Amazon. Here, we sought to identify knowledge gaps on Amazonian Odonata regarding three main aspects: (i) how the inclusion of Amazonian taxa affects our interpretation of the evolutionary relationships of Zygoptera and Anisoptera; (ii) the position of Amazonian taxa in the existing supertree of the Odonata; (iii) dating evolutionary divergence between nodes using fossil records; (iv) assessing whether more species-rich basins (e.g., Amazon basin) have a larger phylogenetic gap when compared to basins with lower richness in South and Central America; and (v) in the light of our knowledge, we discuss diversification patterns found in the most predominant clades of Amazonian taxa. We built a supertree from currently available phylogenetic information of Odonata. The results show that there is no genetic information for 85% (n: 503) of the Amazonian species and that family level relationships are unknown for 17 genera. After compiling the data, we observed that clades belonging to Neotropical lineages are the most poorly resolved, with large polytomies. This problem was identified in many Anisoptera genera, such as Macrothemis, Dasythemis, Elasmothemis, and Erythrodiplax. Our results also suggest that not always the richest basins have the greatest phylogenetic gaps. As expected, we found important gaps in the existing Odonata phylogenies, especially in clades that include Amazonian representatives, that are also those less known from ecological and conservation perspectives.
Assuntos
Odonatos , Animais , Biodiversidade , Evolução Biológica , América Central , Odonatos/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
The odonates are insects that have a wide range of reproductive, ritualized territorial, and aggressive behaviors. Changes in behavior are the first response of most odonate species to environmental alterations. In this context, the primary objective of the present study was to assess the effects of environmental alterations resulting from shifts in land use on different aspects of the behavioral diversity of adult odonates. Fieldwork was conducted at 92 low-order streams in two different regions of the Brazilian Amazon. To address our main objective, we measured 29 abiotic variables at each stream, together with five morphological and five behavioral traits of the resident odonates. The results indicate a loss of behaviors at sites impacted by anthropogenic changes, as well as variation in some morphological/behavioral traits under specific environmental conditions. We highlight the importance of considering behavioral traits in the development of conservation strategies, given that species with a unique behavioral repertoire may suffer specific types of extinction pressure.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Biodiversidade , Odonatos/fisiologia , Territorialidade , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
Endemic to Brazil, the genus Minagrion Santos, 1965 is revised for the first time. The genus contains five species, and here we establish diagnostic characters, keys and drawings for both sexes. Furthermore, we propose the synonymy of M. franciscoi Machado Bedê, 2015 new syn. with M. caldense Santos, 1965.
Assuntos
Odonatos , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
The female of Heteragrion icterops Selys, 1862, incompletely mentioned in 1886, is described, illustrated, keyed and diagnosed based on specimens collected in Pará State, North Brazil. We also provide an identification key and diagnostic comments on other two Group B females occurring in Brazil: H. angustipenne Selys, 1886 and H. bariai De Marmels, 1989. Heteragrion icterops females can be distinguished from other female congeners by having the genital valves tips leveling the posterior margin of S10 and by the morphology of the intersternites, presenting a well-developed dorsal plate and lacking a posterior plate.
Assuntos
Odonatos , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , GenitáliaRESUMO
Philogenia gaiae sp. nov. (Holotype â, Ecuador, Orellana, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, -0.6349, -76.1501, 241 m, 13 xii 2012, A. Cordero-Rivera M. Sánchez-Herrera leg., in MUAE) from the helena group is described, illustrated, diagnosed and compared with morphologically close species of the genus. Philogenia gaiae can be distinguished from its most similar congener P. minteri Dunkle, 1986 by the enlarged cerci and the club-like paraprocts. We also describe the female of P. macuma Dunkle, 1986, from a pair collected at Jatún Sacha Biological Reserve, which is also similar to P. gaiae and can be distinguished by the intersternite morphology, ovipositor length and vulvar lamina shape.
Assuntos
Besouros , Odonatos , Animais , Equador , Feminino , Floresta ÚmidaRESUMO
The genus Franciscobasis Machado & Bedê, 2016 is endemic to the Serra da Canastra National Park in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Two species of Franciscobasis were described simultaneously with the genus description: F. franciscoi and F. sonia, the latter described only from females. Through morphological and molecular analysis, we investigated if F. sonia may represent the young female of F. franciscoi. Resulting data did not present adequate differences between females to characterize them as different species. Therefore, we suggest that F. sonia is a junior synonym of F. franciscoi, and the female of F. franciscoi goes through a complex ontogenetic color change.
Assuntos
Odonatos/classificação , Odonatos/fisiologia , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Odonatos/anatomia & histologia , Odonatos/genética , Parques RecreativosRESUMO
We have examined divergence times of the Antillean damselfly genus Hypolestes, to elucidate which mechanism of allopatric speciation, vicariance or long-distance dispersal, could better explain the currently observed disjunct distributions of this genus. Samples of the three extant species of the genus, Hypolestes clara (Jamaica), H. hatuey (Hispaniola) and H. trinitatis (Cuba), were collected. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA gene fragments were amplified to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times in this genus. Hypolestes comprises currently three species, which consist in four geographically and genetically isolated lineages located in Jamaica, Hispaniola, Eastern Cuba and Central Cuba. Results of our analyses suggest that the three species diverged between â¼5.91 and 1.69â¯mya, and that the separation between the lineages from Central Cuba and Eastern Cuba occurred between â¼2.0 and 0.62â¯mya. Disjunct distributions in the genus Hypolestes can be better explained by a long-distance dispersal mechanism, since the divergence times of the three species do not coincide with the timeline formation of the geographic barriers between Cuba, Hispaniola and Jamaica. The Cuban lineages of H. trinitatis constitute different molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU). The elevation of these MOTU to the species category requires the analysis of additional characters.
Assuntos
Migração Animal/fisiologia , Especiação Genética , Odonatos/genética , Odonatos/fisiologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Núcleo Celular/genética , Cuba , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Variação Genética , Mitocôndrias/genética , Filogenia , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The female of Argia tupi Calvert, 1909 (BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Cachoeira do Marimbondo (15.4330° S, 55.7198° W, 370 m), 01 xi 2015) is described, illustrated and diagnosed based on comparison with sympatric species of Argia Rambur, 1842. We also augmented the description of Argia bicellulata (Calvert, 1909) female (BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Rio Paciencia (15.3438° S, 55.8322° W, 280 m), 25 x 2015).
Assuntos
Odonatos , Parques Recreativos , Animais , Brasil , FemininoRESUMO
Argia angelae sp. nov. (Holotype â, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Rio Salgadeira (15°21'25" S, 55°49'51" W, 305 m), 1 xi 2015, D. S. Vilela leg., in LESTES, Cod. ACR 8173A) from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil is described, illustrated and diagnosed based on comparison with other known sympatric species of the genus. This species inhabits streams throughout the National Park and a map of its known distribution is provided.