RESUMO
La sífilis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa con afectación sistémica, de evolución aguda o crónica, cuyo agente causal es el Treponema pallidum. Su principal mecanismo de transmisión es el contacto sexual sin protección, seguida de riesgo de contagio por transfusión sanguínea. Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia de sífilis en donantes del banco de sangre del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, periodo 2012-2014. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, no experimental que incluyó encuestas con pruebas serológicas confidenciales basada en el principio de ELISA. Se procesaron un total de 45.356 unidades de sangre. El 84,7% (38.414) de los donantes eran hombres y el 15,3% (6.942) mujeres con una edad promedio de 31,1 años. Durante este periodo se observó que la seroprevalencia general de anticuerpos específicos anti- T. pallidum en estos donantes fue de 2,95% lo que equivale a 1.336 casos de serología positiva, representada por individuos en edades comprendidas entre 29-39 años con un 35,1 % (470). El sexo masculino muestra la mayor frecuencia de donantes positivos con un 87,7% (1.172). Todo esto indica la necesidad de hacer un seguimiento longitudinal a largo plazo y de implementar programas de vigilancia epidemiológica.
Syphilis is an infectious disease with systemic involvement, chronic or acute evolution, whose causal agent is Treponema pallidum. Its main mechanism of transmission is unprotected sexual contact, followed by risk of transmission by blood transfusion. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence associated with syphilis in blood bank donors at the Universitario Hospital of Maracaibo during the period 2012-12014. Methodology: A non-experimental descriptive study, cross-sectional surveys that included confidential serological tests based on the principle of ELISA to detect anti-T. pallidum antibodies was performed. A total of 45,356 units of blood were processed. 84.7% (38,414) of donors were men and 15.3% (6,942) women with an average age of 31.1 years. During this period it was observed that the specific overall seroprevalence of anti- T. pallidum in these donors was 2.95% which is equivalent to 1,336 cases of positive serology, represented by individuals 29-39 aged 35,1% (470). The male shows increased frequency of positive donors with 87.7% (1,172). All this indicates the need for a long-term longitudinal follow and implement epidemiological surveillance programs.
RESUMO
La frecuencia e incidencia de enfermedades renales en niños ha sido documentada, destacándose las disfunciones tubulares, acidosis tubular, insuficiencia renal crónica, litiasis renal, entre otras. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar los hallazgos bucales en niños de 1 a 13 años con enfermedad renal. Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva con diseño transversal durante enero-abril de 2010, en el Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica de la Ciudad Hospitalaria "Dr. Enrique Tejera", en Valencia-Estado Carabobo, Venezuela, se evaluaron 50 pacientes con edad promedio 6.85 años, con diversas enfermedades renales, la mayoría con hipercalciuria (58%) y sin otro compromiso sistémico. Los hallazgos bucales encontrados fueron hipoplasias de esmalte 30%, caries dental 36%, retardo en la erupción 16%, maloclusiones 10% y lengua geográfica 6%; ningún paciente presentó cálculo dental. Un dato importante fue que 44% de los pacientes nunca habían asistido a consulta odontológica. Se concluye que los hallazgos bucales con mayor frecuencia encontrados en niños con enfermedad renal fueron hipoplasias del esmalte, caries dental y retardo en la erupción dentaria, destacándose el desinterés por parte de los pacientes a la consulta odontológica
The frequency and incidence of renal disease in children had been documented, highlighting tubular dysfunctions, tubular acidosis, renal insufficiency, renal lithiasis, among others. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the buccal findings in children of 1 to 13 years old with renal disease. The investigation was a descriptive type, in a transversal design during january-april of 2010, in the Pediatric Nephrologic Service of the Hospital City "Dr. Enrique Tejera", in Valencia, Carabobo State, Venezuela, there were 50 patients with a mean age 6.85 years old, with hypercalciuria in 56% with no other systemic disease. The buccal findings were enamel hypoplasia 30%, dental caries 36%, delay eruption 16%, maloclussion 10% and geographic tongue 6%; none of the patients presented dental calculus. An important data was that 44% of the patients never had assisted to a dental appointment. The conclusions of this study are that the buccal findings more seen in children with renal disease are enamel hypoplasias, dental caries and delay eruption, underlying the lack of interest of the patients to the dental consult
Assuntos
Criança , Criança , Cárie Dentária , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Nefropatias , Doenças da Boca , Erupção Dentária , OdontologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Coagulação Sanguínea , Cesárea , Hemorragia , Doenças Placentárias , Placenta Prévia/diagnóstico , Placenta Prévia/epidemiologia , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea , Placenta Prévia/etiologia , Placenta Prévia/patologiaRESUMO
Between 1986 and 1988, epidemiologic studies were carried out in a small rural community in an Andean region of Ecuador, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly endemic. A total of 25 human cases, positive for Leishmania parasites by culture and/or smear, were examined. Fourteen of the cases were in infants less than one year of age, suggesting intradomiciliary transmission of the disease. Clinically, many of these cases were similar to descriptions of "uta," a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis which occurs in Andean regions of Peru and is reported caused by L. peruviana. Of the 11 positive cultures obtained from human cases in the present study, eight were identified by molecular characterization as L. mexicana and three were identified as L. major-like. Two additional isolates of L. mexicana were also made from an infected dog and from a sand fly, Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, living in the region, thus implicating the latter species as possible reservoir and vector, respectively, of L. mexicana in this highland community. The significance and validity of recent isolates of L. major-like parasites from the New World are also discussed.
Assuntos
Leishmania mexicana/isolamento & purificação , Leishmania tropica/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA Circular/análise , DNA de Cinetoplasto , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Equador/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Isoenzimas/análise , Leishmania mexicana/classificação , Leishmania mexicana/enzimologia , Leishmania tropica/classificação , Leishmania tropica/enzimologia , Leishmaniose/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose/veterinária , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Psychodidae/parasitologiaRESUMO
The relationship was examined between the severity of ulcerated lesions and immune responses in 19 Ecuadorian patients in the early stages of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. As an immunological assay, the humoral immune response was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the cell-mediated response by delayed type skin test for leishmanial antigen (leishmanin test). There was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.61, P less than 0.01) between the total area of ulcerated lesions and the reciprocal titre of ELISA in identical subjects. However, no significant difference was observed in the ELISA titre between patients with a single lesion and those with multiple lesions (chi 2 = 7.06, df = 5, P greater than 0.2). A correlation (r = 0.48, P less than 0.05) was observed between the area of lesions and the intensity of leishmanin test; further, the ELISA titre also correlated to the intensity of leishmanin test in the identical subjects (r = 0.71, P less than 0.01). These results suggest that the severity of ulcerated lesions relates to the activation of both the humoral and cell-mediated immune systems in the early stage of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Leishmaniose/imunologia , Úlcera Cutânea/patologia , Pele/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/biossíntese , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Leishmania/imunologia , Leishmaniose/complicações , Leishmaniose/patologia , Masculino , Testes Cutâneos , Úlcera Cutânea/etiologiaRESUMO
In highland Ecuador (province of El Oro), electrocardiograms (ECGs) were taken and analysed from 340 subjects, of whom 154 were seropositive to Trypanosoma cruzi by indirect haemagglutination test. Abnormal ECGs were present in 40.3% of seropositive individuals and 8.1% of seronegatives, and were slightly more common in seropositive males than in seropositive females. In seropositive individuals, the prevalence of abnormal ECG progressively increased with age and reached its peak level of 64.0% in the age group over 60 years, implying that Chagas disease in Ecuador produces little mortality among seropositive individuals. The most common ECG alterations were ventricular conduction defects: 26 of 117 seropositive individuals in the age group over 40 years had complete right bundle branch block. The frequency of atrioventricular block and arrhythmias was also associated with seropositivity to T. cruzi. A further ECG examination in lowland (province of Guayas) showed that the prevalence of abnormal ECGs there was significantly lower than that in highlands. These results suggest possible differences between T. cruzi strains in the two geographical areas of Ecuador.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/análise , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Criança , Equador , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Bloqueio Cardíaco/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The biting patterns of Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lu. hartmanni, vectors of leishmaniasis, were studied using a human bait in an endemic area on the Pacific slope of the Andes in Ecuador. The results suggest that Lu. trapidoi is primarily an early biter at dusk, with the first peak at 20.00-21.00 hours and the second at 03.00-04.00 hours; and that Lu. hartmanni bites more constantly throughout the night, with a pronounced peak between 23.00 and 24.00 hours. The biting activity, however, shows a marked variation at each site and between different collections at the same site. The activity and the biting places on man are discussed in relation to human infection with leishmaniasis in the area and the location of lesions on patients.
Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Leishmaniose/transmissão , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Animais , Equador , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Umidade , Insetos Vetores , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In order to determine the vectors of leishmaniasis in Ecuador, 1,054 man biting sand flies from the Department of Cañar were dissected and examined for promastigotes. There were 2 man-biting species, Lu. trapidoi and Lu. hartmanni in this endemic area of the disease. The infection rates were 7.7% in the former and 3.9% in the latter species, demonstrating the different rates in various localities and altitudes of the study areas. There was an association between infection rates and the time of day, suggesting some connection with biting activity of sand fly species. In collections using human bait at 7 study areas in 5 Departments, 6 man-biting species were recognized, indicating different dominant species in each area. It was assumed that the dominant species would play an important role as the principal vector of leishmaniasis in each endemic area. As to species determination of the present Leishmania promastigotes, suffice it to say that the parasites are Leishmania sp., presumably L. braziliensis s.l., until the isolates have been typed.
Assuntos
Leishmania , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Animais , Cricetinae , Equador , Humanos , MesocricetusRESUMO
La leishmaniasis fue observada por primera vez en 1920, desde entonces se han venido presentando diversas formas clinicas de innegable interes. Ha sido nuestro proposito el realizar un estudio estadistico de los casos encontrados por nosotros en los ultimos tres anos. De esto se deprende la mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino, su hallazgo a lo largo de la Costa Ecuatoriana, su ubicacion anatomica preferente en zonas descubiertas del cuerpo, asi como sus muy variadas formas clinicas siendo estas mas numerosas en la provincia de Esmeraldas colindante con el Departamento de Narino de la hermana republica de Colombi