RESUMO
The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants is noted because of the presence of varieties of biochemicals. The monoterpenes, like nerol, estragole, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, have been reported for antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, and antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the toxic, cytotoxic, and oxidant/antioxidant effects of these compounds by several in vitro (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing potential), ex vivo (hemolysis), and in vivo (Artemia Salina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) assays. Results suggest that estragole and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol at 31.25-500 µg/mL did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects in the A. Salina and hemolysis tests. Nerol showed significant cytotoxic effects on these test systems at all test concentrations. The monoterpenes showed radical (ABTSâ¢+ and DPPHâ¢) scavenging capacities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro tests. However, they did not oxidize the genetic material of S. cerevisiae (SODWT, Sod1Δ, Sod2Δ, Sod1/Sod2Δ, Cat1Δ, and Cat1Δ/Sod1Δ) lines. Among the three monoterpenes, nerol may be a good candidate for antioxidant and anti-tumor therapies.
RESUMO
The lack of tissue selectivity of anticancer drugs generates intense collateral and adverse effects of cancer patients, making the incorporation of vitamins or micronutrients into the diet of individuals to reduce side or adverse effects of antineoplastics. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of retinol palmitate (RP) on the toxicogenic damages induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA), doxorubicin (DOX) and its association with the AC protocol (CPA + DOX), in Sarcoma 180 (S-180) tumor cell line, using the micronuclei test with a block of cytokinesis (CBMN); and in non-tumor cells derived from Mus musculus using the comet assay. The results suggest that CPA, DOX and AC protocol induced significant toxicogenic damages (P < 0.05) on the S-180 cells by induction of micronuclei, cytoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, apoptosis, and cell necrosis, proving their antitumor effects, and significant damage (P < 0.001) to the genetic material of peripheral blood cells of healthy mice, proving the genotoxic potential of these drugs. However, RP modulated the toxicogenic effects of antineoplastic tested both in the CBMN test (P < 0.05), at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 IU/mL; as in the comet assay (P < 0.001) at the concentration of 100 IU/kg for the index and frequency of genotoxic damage. The accumulated results suggest that RP reduced the action of antineoplastics in non-tumor cells as well as the cytotoxic, mutagenic, and cell death in neoplastic cells.