RESUMO
The objective of this review was to identify the main types of insoles described in the literature that are used to treat musculoskeletal alterations of lower limbs and to analyze the existence of previous evaluation for the prescription of these insoles. To this end, two researchers, independently and blindly, searched the PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, MEDLINE, Lilacs, PEDro, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases between June and July of 2018, from the free combination of the following descriptors: insoles, foot orthoses, foot, orthoses, musculoskeletal diseases and clinical trial. We included randomized or non-randomized clinical trials in which at least one intervention group used insoles and individuals with some type of musculoskeletal disorder had been sampled. Of the 227 documents identified in date bases, 20 were included in this review. In general, it is suggested to carry out more studies with more precise methods and that include evaluation before the prescription. This is a systematic review of clinical trials registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) under the protocol no. CRD42018099534e.
Assuntos
Órtoses do Pé , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/terapia , SapatosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of insoles adapted into flip-flop sandals on pain and function in individuals with plantar fasciopathy (PF). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind controlled study. SETTING: Physiotherapy clinic of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil. SUBJECTS: Sixty-six patients of both genders with PF were randomized into two groups: sandal insole group (SI; n = 34), which received a pair of custom flip-flop sandals with insoles covered with smooth synthetic leather; and plain sandal group (PS; n = 32), which received an identical pair of flip-flop sandals, but without the insoles. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were instructed to wear the flip-flops for 12 weeks for at least 4 hours/day. MAIN MEASURES: Pain (visual analogue scale-VAS) in the morning and at the end of the day were considered primary outcomes. Function (Foot Function Index-FFI and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-FAAM) and functional capacity (6-minute walk test-6MWT) were considered secondary outcomes. The outcomes were evaluated at baseline and immediately after the intervention by a blind assessor. RESULTS: Between-group differences were observed in terms of morning pain (mean difference (MD) = -1.82 cm; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.3 to -0.3; P = 0.016) and function (MD = -0.10; 95% CI = -0.19 to -0.01; P = 0.023) after the interventions with the SI group showing superior improvements in comparison to the PS group. CONCLUSION: The use of insoles adapted in flip-flop sandals for 12 weeks was effective at improving pain and function in individuals with PF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1b.
Assuntos
Fasciíte Plantar/terapia , Órtoses do Pé , Dor/prevenção & controle , Sapatos , Adulto , Brasil , Método Duplo-Cego , Fasciíte Plantar/complicações , Fasciíte Plantar/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor/diagnóstico , Dor/etiologia , Medição da DorRESUMO
Objetivo: avaliar os riscos, as ocorrências e os fatores associados à quedas em idosos assistidos na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: estudo descritivo, observacional realizado com 132 idosos assistidos na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários e analisados pela estatística exploratória univariada e inferencial. Resultados: a exposição dos idosos a fatores de risco para quedas foi significativa, sendo a tontura e a vertigem as variáveis mais evidentes entre os fatores intrínsecos, indicada por 73,3% dos participantes. Em relação aos fatores extrínsecos, os mais importantes relatados pelos idosos foram pisos irregulares (94,7%), escadas ou desnível do chão (85,6%) e banheiros sem barras de suporte (92,2%). Conclusão: os idosos são potencialmente vulneráveis a quedas, principalmente pela exposição a fatores de riscos no domicílio, por apresentarem maior evidência, quando comparados a fatores relacionados ao próprio envelhecimento. (AU)