RESUMO

To allow the original publication to be better understood [...].

RESUMO

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals (Zn, Mn, and Cu) from complexed amino acid minerals (ZMCAA) and bis-glycinate chelated minerals (ZMCGly) in laying hen diets on performance, internal and external egg quality, yolk mineral deposition, intestinal morphometry, and bone characteristics. From 78 to 98 weeks of age, 400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment. Treatments were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using either Zn, Mn, and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 levels: low (20, 20, and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively) or high (40, 40, and 7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively). The analysis of variance was performed, and in cases where differences were observed, the means were compared using Tukey's test (P < 0.05). The source and level of trace mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying hens. Hens fed ZMCAA had higher egg production (P = 0.01), egg weight (P = 0.02), egg mass (P = 0.01), and lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.05) compared to those fed ZMCGly. The ZMCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height (P = 0.01), albumen weight (P = 0.01), and eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). The deposition of Zn (P < 0.01), Mn (P < 0.01), and Cu (P < 0.01) in the egg yolk was greater for hens received ZMCAA. Tibia weight (P = 0.04) and bone densitometry (P < 0.01) in the tibia were higher with ZMCAA supplementation. In the small intestine, ZMCAA resulted in longer villi (P = 0.02) and shorter crypt depth (P = 0.01) in the duodenum. Jejunum and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals (P < 0.05). Laying hens fed ZMCAA exhibited superior performance, egg quality, deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk, and bone density compared to hens fed ZMCGly. In this study, older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

RESUMO

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sources and levels of supplemental amino acid-complexed minerals (AACM), with and without enzyme phytase (EZ). A total of 512 Dekalb White laying hens at 67 weeks of age were used in a 2 × 3 + 2 factorial arrangement of 8 treatments and 8 replications each. The main effects included EZ supplementation (10,000 FTU kg-1) and AACM inclusion level (100, 70, and 40% of inorganic mineral recommendations), plus 2 control treatments. The group of hens fed AACM-100 showed lower feed intake than the inorganic mineral (IM) group. The diet containing AACM-EZ-70 provided a higher (p < 0.05) laying percentage and a lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than both the IM and IM-EZ diets. The groups fed AACM-EZ-40, AACM-EZ-100, and AACM-70 produced heavier yolks (p < 0.05). Hens fed IM laid eggs with the lowest yolk and albumen weights (p < 0.05). Layers fed with AACM-100 and AACM-70 produced the most resistant eggshells to breakage (p < 0.05). In diets containing phytase, the optimal AACM recommendations for better performance and egg quality in older laying hens are: 42, 49, 5.6, 28, 0.175, and 0.70 mg kg-1 for Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, and I, respectively.

RESUMO

Mammary tumor is the most frequent among the tumors that affect canine females, with relevant importance in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the image characteristics of mammary tumors in female dogs, and compare different ultrasonographic techniques for neoplastic evaluation. During the experiment, 30 bitches with presence of nodular lesion in the mammary gland were used. Initially females were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluations, and subsequent to the ultrasound examination of the tumor mass, as well as abdominal ultrasound and thoracic x-ray for the metastasis investigation. Quantitative analysis by histogram of the gray levels and categorization of the tumor masses by the BI-RADS system were performed. Later, the bitches were submitted to surgical resection of the tumors, where samples of the neoplastic tissue were collected for histopathological analysis. Carcinoma in mixed tumor showed a higher rate (33.3%), and the malignancy degree of epidermal tumors were classified in grade 1 (n=9), grade 2 (n=12) and grade 3 (n=3). Malignancy degree showed positive correlation with BI-RADS (r=0.55; P<0.05) and with the parameter echotexture - histogram base width (r=0.42, P<0.05). BI-RADS graduation also showed a positive correlation with the echotexture parameters (standard deviation of average echogenicity r=0.66, P<0.05 and base width r=0.55, P<0.05). It was concluded that the BI-RADS method in combination with the echotexture of tumors, can be used to evaluate mammary tumors in dogs and establish the planning of treatment.(AU)

Entre os tumores que acometem cadelas a neoplasia mamária é a de maior incidência, apresentando relevante importância na medicina veterinária. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar as características ultrassonográficas de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas, e comparar diferentes técnicas ultrassonográficas de avaliação tumoral. Durante a realização deste experimento, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas com presença de lesão nodular em glândula mamária. Inicialmente as fêmeas foram submetidas a avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais, e subsequentemente à realização de exame ultrassonográfico da massa tumoral, assim como ultrassom abdominal e raio x torácico para a pesquisa de metástase. Foram realizadas a análise quantitativa por histograma dos níveis de cinza e categorização das massas tumorais pelo sistema BI-RADS. Posteriormente as cadelas foram submetidas à ressecção cirúrgica dos tumores, onde foram coletadas amostras do tecido neoplásico para análise histopatológica. O carcinoma em tumor misto foi o tipo tumoral de maior incidência (33.3%), e a graduação de malignidade dos tumores epiteliais foram classificadas em grau 1 (n=9), grau 2 (n=12) e grau 3 (n=3). A graduação demonstrou correlação positiva com a categorização BI-RADS (r=0,55; P<0,05) e com o parâmetro de ecotextura - largura de base do histograma (r=0,42; P<0,05). A graduação BI-RADS também demonstrou uma correlação positiva com os parâmetros de ecotextura (desvio padrão da média da ecogenicidade r=0,66; P<0,05 e largura de base r=0,55; P<0,05). Conclui-se que o método de categorização BI-RADS, assim como os parâmetros de ecotextura dos tumores, podem ser usados para avaliação de neoplasia mamária em cadelas e assim auxiliar no planejamento de tratamento de cada caso.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mammary tumor is the most frequent among the tumors that affect canine females, with relevant importance in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the image characteristics of mammary tumors in female dogs, and compare different ultrasonographic techniques for neoplastic evaluation. During the experiment, 30 bitches with presence of nodular lesion in the mammary gland were used. Initially females were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluations, and subsequent to the ultrasound examination of the tumor mass, as well as abdominal ultrasound and thoracic x-ray for the metastasis investigation. Quantitative analysis by histogram of the gray levels and categorization of the tumor masses by the BI-RADS system were performed. Later, the bitches were submitted to surgical resection of the tumors, where samples of the neoplastic tissue were collected for histopathological analysis. Carcinoma in mixed tumor showed a higher rate (33.3%), and the malignancy degree of epidermal tumors were classified in grade 1 (n=9), grade 2 (n=12) and grade 3 (n=3). Malignancy degree showed positive correlation with BI-RADS (r=0.55; P<0.05) and with the parameter echotexture - histogram base width (r=0.42, P<0.05). BI-RADS graduation also showed a positive correlation with the echotexture parameters (standard deviation of average echogenicity r=0.66, P<0.05 and base width r=0.55, P<0.05). It was concluded that the BI-RADS method in combination with the echotexture of tumors, can be used to evaluate mammary tumors in dogs and establish the planning of treatment.(AU)

Entre os tumores que acometem cadelas a neoplasia mamária é a de maior incidência, apresentando relevante importância na medicina veterinária. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar as características ultrassonográficas de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas, e comparar diferentes técnicas ultrassonográficas de avaliação tumoral. Durante a realização deste experimento, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas com presença de lesão nodular em glândula mamária. Inicialmente as fêmeas foram submetidas a avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais, e subsequentemente à realização de exame ultrassonográfico da massa tumoral, assim como ultrassom abdominal e raio x torácico para a pesquisa de metástase. Foram realizadas a análise quantitativa por histograma dos níveis de cinza e categorização das massas tumorais pelo sistema BI-RADS. Posteriormente as cadelas foram submetidas à ressecção cirúrgica dos tumores, onde foram coletadas amostras do tecido neoplásico para análise histopatológica. O carcinoma em tumor misto foi o tipo tumoral de maior incidência (33.3%), e a graduação de malignidade dos tumores epiteliais foram classificadas em grau 1 (n=9), grau 2 (n=12) e grau 3 (n=3). A graduação demonstrou correlação positiva com a categorização BI-RADS (r=0,55; P<0,05) e com o parâmetro de ecotextura - largura de base do histograma (r=0,42; P<0,05). A graduação BI-RADS também demonstrou uma correlação positiva com os parâmetros de ecotextura (desvio padrão da média da ecogenicidade r=0,66; P<0,05 e largura de base r=0,55; P<0,05). Conclui-se que o método de categorização BI-RADS, assim como os parâmetros de ecotextura dos tumores, podem ser usados para avaliação de neoplasia mamária em cadelas e assim auxiliar no planejamento de tratamento de cada caso.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A insuficiência cardíaca é frequente em cães, e sua prevalência aumenta com a maior idade dos animais,sendo a doença valvular crônica a doença cardíaca mais comumente diagnosticada. A alteração estrutural da válvula mitral que ocorre na doença valvular crônica acarreta na queda no débito cardíaco e ativação mecanismos compensatórios que mantém a perfusão sanguínea dos órgãos durante um certo tempo. O tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca tem sido direcionado para o controle da ativação excessiva desses mecanismos, sendo que a terapia com vários fármacos têm se mostrado eficaz. Com esta revisão pretende-se descrever os impactos deletérios da ativação crônica dos mecanismos compensatórios da insuficiência cardíaca e relatar os fármacos que atualmente são utilizados em cada estágio da evolução da doença e seu efeito farmacológico.(AU)

Heart tailure is common in dogs, and its prevalence increases with greater age of the animals, the disease is chronic valvular heart disease most commonly diagnosed. The structural change that occurs in the mitral valvular disease, chronic causes the decrease in cardiac output and activation of compensatory mechanisms which maintain the perfusion of organs during a certain time. The treatment of heart failure has been directed at controlling the excessive activation of these mechanisms, and therapy with several drugs have been proven effective. With this revision is intended to describe the deleterious effects of chronic activation of compensatory mechanisms of heart failure and report the drugs that are currently used at every stage of the disease and its pharmacological effect.(AU)

La insuficiencia cardíaca es común en los perros, y su prevalencia aumenta con la mayor edad de los animales, la enfermedad es la enfermedad cardíaca valvular crónica más comúnmente diagnosticado. El cambio estructural que se produce en la enfermedad valvular mitral, crónica causa la disminución en el gasto cardiaco y la activación de los mecanismos compensatorios que mantienen la perfusión de órganos durante un cierto tiempo. El tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca se ha dirigido a controlar la activación excesiva de estos mecanismos, y la terapia con varios fármacos han demostrado ser eficaces. Con esta revisión se pretende describir los efectos deletéreos de la activación crónica de los mecanismos de compensación de la insuficiencia cardíaca y reportar los fármacos que se utilizan actualmente en cada etapa de la enfermedad y su efecto farmacológico.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A insuficiência cardíaca é frequente em cães, e sua prevalência aumenta com a maior idade dos animais,sendo a doença valvular crônica a doença cardíaca mais comumente diagnosticada. A alteração estrutural da válvula mitral que ocorre na doença valvular crônica acarreta na queda no débito cardíaco e ativação mecanismos compensatórios que mantém a perfusão sanguínea dos órgãos durante um certo tempo. O tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca tem sido direcionado para o controle da ativação excessiva desses mecanismos, sendo que a terapia com vários fármacos têm se mostrado eficaz. Com esta revisão pretende-se descrever os impactos deletérios da ativação crônica dos mecanismos compensatórios da insuficiência cardíaca e relatar os fármacos que atualmente são utilizados em cada estágio da evolução da doença e seu efeito farmacológico.

Heart tailure is common in dogs, and its prevalence increases with greater age of the animals, the disease is chronic valvular heart disease most commonly diagnosed. The structural change that occurs in the mitral valvular disease, chronic causes the decrease in cardiac output and activation of compensatory mechanisms which maintain the perfusion of organs during a certain time. The treatment of heart failure has been directed at controlling the excessive activation of these mechanisms, and therapy with several drugs have been proven effective. With this revision is intended to describe the deleterious effects of chronic activation of compensatory mechanisms of heart failure and report the drugs that are currently used at every stage of the disease and its pharmacological effect.

La insuficiencia cardíaca es común en los perros, y su prevalencia aumenta con la mayor edad de los animales, la enfermedad es la enfermedad cardíaca valvular crónica más comúnmente diagnosticado. El cambio estructural que se produce en la enfermedad valvular mitral, crónica causa la disminución en el gasto cardiaco y la activación de los mecanismos compensatorios que mantienen la perfusión de órganos durante un cierto tiempo. El tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca se ha dirigido a controlar la activación excesiva de estos mecanismos, y la terapia con varios fármacos han demostrado ser eficaces. Con esta revisión se pretende describir los efectos deletéreos de la activación crónica de los mecanismos de compensación de la insuficiencia cardíaca y reportar los fármacos que se utilizan actualmente en cada etapa de la enfermedad y su efecto farmacológico.

Assuntos