RESUMO
Since the appearance of resistance to antiretroviral treatment is unavoidable, the host cell's transcription factor NF-kappaB is a novel HIV target. The goal of this study was to characterize the effect of two immunomodulators, curcumin (Cur) and sulfasalazine (Sul), with a protease inhibitor, indinavir (IDV), on HIV-1 persistently infected CD4+ T-cells. Viral p24 antigen production, viral infectivity (tested on MAGI cells) and viral relative infectivity (viral infectivity/p24) were analysed. When used alone, both immunomodulators were able to reduce viral infectivity. When in combination, both 10 microM IDV plus 10 microM Cur and 10 microM IDV plus 250 microM Sul showed a significant reduction in viral infectivity and viral relative infectivity when compared to the reduction produced by IDV alone. Thus, the use of immunomodulators with IDV could help to reduce HIV-1 production in persistently infected cells.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/virologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Indinavir/farmacologia , Sulfassalazina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Proteína do Núcleo p24 do HIV/metabolismo , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/farmacologia , HIV-1/fisiologia , Humanos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Quinase Induzida por NF-kappaBRESUMO
Different immunomodulatory activities present in Trichilia glabra (TG) leaf extracts have already been described. Particularly, chloroform-methanol extracts were responsible for an in-vivo anti-inflammatory effect. The effect of such extracts on the infectivity of enveloped and naked viruses were investigated. Methanolic fraction extracts were active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), while no activity against poliovirus type 3 was observed. VSV was slightly more affected than HSV-1: 2.8 log10 reduction in VSV titer against 2.4 log10 reduction in HSV-1 titer when 0.25 mg/ml F2 fraction was tested and a reduction of 2.7 log10 in VSV virus titer and of 1.5 log10 in HSV-1 virus titer was observed when 0.25 mg/ml F3 fraction was tested. Results obtained in this work suggest a potential pharmaceutical use of TG extract components.
Assuntos
Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Meliaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Antivirais/farmacologia , Fracionamento Químico , Chlorocebus aethiops , Clorofórmio , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Metanol , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Poliovirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Vero , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Different immunomodulatory activities present in Trichilia glabra (TG) leaf extracts have already been described. Particularly, chloroform-methanol extracts were responsible for an in-vivo anti-inflammatory effect. The effect of such extracts on the infectivity of enveloped and naked viruses were investigated. Methanolic fraction extracts were active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), while no activity against poliovirus type 3 was observed. VSV was slightly more affected than HSV-1: 2.8 log10 reduction in VSV titer against 2.4 log10reduction in HSV-1 titer when 0.25 mg/ml F2 fraction was tested and a reduction of 2.7 log10in VSV virus titer and of 1.5 log10in HSV-1 virus titer was observed when 0.25 mg/ml F3 fraction was tested. Results obtained in this work suggest a potential pharmaceutical use of TG extract components.
Previamente se han descripto distintas actividades inmunomoduladoras, presentes en extractos de hojas de Trichilia glabra (TG). En particular, se ha demostrado una actividad antiinflamatoria presente en extractos metanólicos. En este trabajo se investigó la actividad virucida de dichos extractos sobre virus envueltos y desnudos. Distintos extractos metanólicos han inactivado en forma moderada los virus herpes simplex tipo 1 (HSV-1) y el virus de la estomatitis vesicular (VSV), mientras no evidenciaron actividad sobre poliovirus tipo 3. VSV resultó algo mas afectado que HSV-1: se observó una reducción en el título viral de 2,8 log10para VSV y de 2,4 log10para HSV-1 cuando se uso una concentración de 0,25 mg/ml de la fracción F2 y una reducción de 2,7 log10para VSV y de 1,5 log 10para HSV-1 cuando se usó una concentración de 0,25 mg/ml de la fracción F3. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo, sugieren un potencial uso farmacéutico de los componentes presentes en los extractos de TG.
Assuntos
Animais , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Meliaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Fracionamento Químico , Clorofórmio , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Metanol , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Poliovirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Vero , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Different immunomodulatory activities present in Trichilia glabra (TG) leaf extracts have already been described. Particularly, chloroform-methanol extracts were responsible for an in-vivo anti-inflammatory effect. The effect of such extracts on the infectivity of enveloped and naked viruses were investigated. Methanolic fraction extracts were active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), while no activity against poliovirus type 3 was observed. VSV was slightly more affected than HSV-1: 2.8 log10 reduction in VSV titer against 2.4 log10 reduction in HSV-1 titer when 0.25 mg/ml F2 fraction was tested and a reduction of 2.7 log10 in VSV virus titer and of 1.5 log10 in HSV-1 virus titer was observed when 0.25 mg/ml F3 fraction was tested. Results obtained in this work suggest a potential pharmaceutical use of TG extract components.
RESUMO
An acidic polysaccharides fraction (APS) obtained from Cedrela tubiflora leaves was tested for antiviral activity. This fraction inhibited the replication of HSV-2 and VSV, while the replication of poliovirus was not affected. APS was not virucidal, but no cytotoxicity was present in the different concentrations of APS assayed.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais , Rosales , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linhagem Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Trichilia glabra L. aqueous leaf extract exerted a significant antiinflammatory effect 'in vivo' in the zymosan-induced inflammation model. The extract impaired the 'in vitro' activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and complement, components of mouse immune system closely related to the inflammatory response induced by zymosan. In particular, a significant reduction in the phagocytic capability and respiratory burst response of mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes together with an inhibition in the hemolytic activity of mouse complement was observed.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Proteínas Inativadoras do Complemento/farmacologia , Via Alternativa do Complemento/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitroazul de Tetrazólio , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , ZimosanRESUMO
The effects of Trichilia glabra (Meliaceae) aqueous leaf extract on mouse lymphocytes were studied. The in vitro proliferation of T and B lymphocytes was completely impaired. Besides, the extract significantly diminished both antibody and delayed hypersensitivity responses in treated mice. These results suggest that the extract exerts a marked immunomodulatory effect on the murine immune system.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Formação de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Tardia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
A diminution in the phagocytic capability and respiratory burst response of murine peritoneal macrophages was observed when these cells were treated 'in vitro' with Trichilia glabra leaf aqueous extract. The effect was not observed when non-specific phagocytosis was tested. The extract also inhibited binding of opsonized erythrocytes to macrophages, thus indicating that the observed antiphagocytic effect is possibly due to the failure of opsonized particles to bind to these cells. A low molecular weight fraction is responsible for the reported activities.
Assuntos
Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Explosão Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Comunicação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endopeptidase K/metabolismo , Endopeptidase K/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Folhas de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ovinos , Dióxido de Silício , Tripsina/metabolismo , Tripsina/farmacologiaRESUMO
A water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from leaves of the Meliaceae Cedrela tubiflora was separated into neutral and acidic polysaccharide fractions. The best anticomplementary activity was exhibited by the neutral product which was further purified by means of gelpermeation chromatography. The composition and methylation analysis of the purified product were determined.
Assuntos
Via Alternativa do Complemento/efeitos dos fármacos , Via Clássica do Complemento/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Carboidratos/análise , Cromatografia em Gel , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Técnica de Placa Hemolítica , Humanos , Folhas de Planta/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , CoelhosRESUMO
The effect of Melia azedarach L. aqueous leaf extracts (Ma) on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo was studied. Proliferation of spleen and lymph node T cells was impaired when these cells were incubated in the presence of the extract using different mitogens as stimuli. Furthermore, treatment of mice with the extracts not only diminished the production of antibodies but also exerted an inhibition on graft vs host and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. These results suggest that Ma extracts exert a marked immunomodulatory effect on the mouse immune system.