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Background: Glycation products have been linked to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in a number of clinical settings. This study examined the correlation between early glycation products (HbA1c and glycated albumin (ALB-g)) and advanced glycation end products (pentosidine (PTD)) with BMD in two groups of participants: those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and those without diabetes or any other comorbidities (noDM). All of the participants had resided in southeastern Mexico for a minimum of 10 years. Material and Methods: This study included 204 participants: 112 (55%) with DM2 and 92 (45%) healthy subjects. We utilized dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure both the total and segment-specific BMD and adipose mass. In addition, the fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, PTD, and ALB-g parameters were measured. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: There was an inverse correlation between PTD and BMD in all anatomical regions among postmenopausal women (PMW) in the DM2 group, whereas in non-PMW, only the waist-to-height ratio was statistically significant. A negative correlation was observed between HbA1c levels and BMD in the arms and legs of DM2 individuals. However, in the noDM group, a negative correlation was found between HbA1c levels and BMD in the pelvis, while a positive association was observed between HbA1c and indicators of adipose tissue. ALB-g, demonstrated a negative correlation with fat mass. After performing binary logistic regressions, the following odds ratios (OR) for osteopenia/osteoporosis risk were determined: PTD OR 1.1 (p = 0.047) for DM2 PMW, HbA1c OR 1.4 (p = 0.048), and fat mass content OR 1.011 (p = 0.023) for the entire sample. Conclusions: Glycation products are associated with BMD differentially depending on the analyzed anatomical segment, but PTD, HbA1c, and fat mass are significant predictors of low bone mass. In prospective studies, this association could be determined using other techniques involving three-dimensional analysis of bone architecture to evaluate bone architecture.

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Milk is considered a complete meal that requires supervision to determine its suitability for human consumption. The development of sustainable devices that evaluate food properties has gained importance due to the necessity of integrating these instruments into the production chain. However, the materials employed to develop it, such as polymers, semiconductors, and glass, lack sustainability and require specialized equipment to fabricate them. Different chemical techniques have been used to miniaturize these detection systems such as microfluidics, which have been used in milk component detection using colorimetry. In this work, a cantilever beam paper-based microfluidic system is proposed to evaluate differences in milk, according to nutritional information, using its electromechanical response. A 20-microliter milk drop is deposited in the system, which induces hygroexpansion and deflection due to liquid transport within the paper. Likewise, a conductive path is added on the beam top surface to supply a constant current that induces heat to evaporate the solution. According to the results obtained, it is possible to point out differences between trademarks with this microfluidic system. The novelty of this system relies on the paper electromechanical response that integrates the hygroexpansion-induced displacement, which can be used for further applications such as milk microtesters instead of colorimetric tests that use paper as a property-evaluation platform in combination with chemical reactions.

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Nowadays, the use of renewable, green/eco-friendly technologies is attracting the attention of researchers, with a view to overcoming recent challenges that must be faced to guarantee the availability of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Therefore, this work proposes a methodology based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) and multivariate regression for estimating and modeling the State of Charge (SOC) in Electric Vehicles. Indeed, the proposal considers the continuous monitoring of six load-related variables that have an influence on the SOC (State of Charge), specifically, the vehicle acceleration, vehicle speed, battery bank temperature, motor RPM, motor current, and motor temperature. Thus, these measurements are evaluated in a structure comprised of a Genetic Algorithm and a multivariate regression model in order to find those relevant signals that better model the State of Charge, as well as the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The proposed approach is validated under a real set of data acquired from a self-assembly Electric Vehicle, and the obtained results show a maximum accuracy of approximately 95.5%; thus, this proposed method can be applied as a reliable diagnostic tool in the automotive industry.

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RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer de mama es una proliferación maligna de las células epiteliales que revisten los conductos o lobulillos mamarios. Objetivo: caracterizar la efectividad de técnicas analgésicas preventivas con bloqueos regionales en el control del dolor postoperatorio tardío del cáncer de mama, en el Hospital Provincial Docente Clínico Quirúrgico "León Cuervo Rubio", durante el período 2017 a 2019. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, analítica, longitudinal y prospectiva en coordinación con el servicio de Anestesiología y Cirugía del Hospital Provincial Docente Clínico Quirúrgico "León Cuervo Rubio". El universo de estudio fue de 260 pacientes con diagnóstico positivo de cáncer de mama y la muestra escogida fue de 176 pacientes, la misma cumplió con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: el mayor número de mujeres afectadas estuvo enmarcado entre la quinta y séptima década de la vida para un 65,6 % del total incluido en el estudio, en los dos grupos predominó la ausencia de dolor a dolor ligero; se observó que las complicaciones fueron escasas en los dos grupos, aunque con un ligero incremento en el grupo A con predominio de las náuseas y vómitos en 23 pacientes (26,14 %). Conclusiones: se evidenció una estabilidad hemodinámica en ambos grupos de estudio, donde la variación de la intensidad del dolor es mínima y la complicación postoperatorio más frecuente es las náuseas y los vómitos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: breast cancer is a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells lining the breast ducts or lobules. Objective: to characterize the effectiveness of preventive analgesic techniques with regional blocks in the control of late postoperative pain of breast cancer at Leon Cuervo Rubio Provincial Surgical Clinical Teaching Hospital during the period 2017 to 2019. Methods: an observational, analytical, longitudinal and prospective research was conducted in coordination with the service of Anesthesiology and Surgery at Leon Cuervo Rubio Provincial Surgical Clinical Teaching Hospital. The study target group comprised 260 patients with positive diagnosis of breast cancer and the sample chosen was 176 patients, it met the inclusion criteria. Results: the greatest number of affected women was between the fifth and seventh decade of life, representing 65,6 % of the total included in the study, in both groups there was a predominance of absence of pain to slight pain; it was observed that complications were scarce in both groups, although with a slight increase in group A with a predominance of nausea and vomiting in 23 patients (26,14 %). Conclusions: hemodynamic stability was evidenced in both study groups, where the variation in pain intensity was minimal and the most frequent postoperative complication was nausea and vomiting.

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RESUMEN Introducción: las onicomicosis son infecciones fúngicas de la lámina ungueal y tejidos adyacentes. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia del tratamiento alternativo con oleozón tópico en pacientes con onicomicosis de los consultorios 24 y 25 del Policlínico Universitario "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima" de la provincia de Pinar del Río, de 2017-2018. MétodoS: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal a los pacientes diagnosticados con onicomicosis en los consultorios 24 y 25 del Policlínico "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima" durante el 2017-2018, el universo estuvo conformado por 90 pacientes con el diagnostico de esta enfermedad, se trabajó con la totalidad de ellos; se estratificó en tres grupos, grupo A (ketoconazol tópico más fluconazol tableta), grupo B (oleozón tópico) y grupo C (fluconazol tableta más oleozón tópico). Resultados: predominó el grupo etáreo de 60-69 (31,1 %) y el sexo masculino (65,6 %), predominaron los pacientes que presentaron cambios de coloración en las uñas (32 %), en el grupo A el 56,7 % de los pacientes presentaron mejoría entre tres y seis meses, el grupo B el 93,3 % en el mismo periodo que el grupo A y en el grupo C el 100 % se curaron en el mismo periodo que los demás grupos. Conclusiones: predominó el grupo de 60-69 años de edad, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado. El signo más frecuente fue el cambio de coloración y el síntoma el dolor; el tratamiento combinado fue el más efectivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: onychomycoses are fungal infections of the nail plate and adjacent tissues. Objective: to determine the efficacy of alternative treatment with topical oleozon in patients with onychomycosis of the 24th and 25th Doctor's Offices belonging to Luis Augusto Turcios Lima University Polyclinic in Pinar del Rio province during 2017-2018. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with onychomycosis in the 24th and 25th Doctor's Offices belonging to Luis Augusto Turcios Lima University Polyclinic in Pinar del Rio province during 2017-2018. The target group comprised 90 patients diagnosed with this disease, working with all of them, which were stratified into three groups, group-A (topical ketoconazole plus fluconazole tablet), group-B (topical oleozon) and group-C (fluconazole tablet plus topical oleozon). Results: the age group 60-69 (31,1 %) and male sex (65,6 %) predominated, patients with nail discoloration changes predominated (32 %), in group-A 56,7 % of patients showed improvement between 3 and 6 months, group-B 93,3 % in the same period as group-A and in group-C 100 % were cured in the same period as the other groups. Conclusions: the age group from 60-69 predominated, male sex was the most affected. The most frequent sign was discoloration change and the symptom was pain; combined treatment was the most effective.

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RESUMEN Introducción: el lenguaje oral está basado principalmente en la información acústica. La hipoacusia es la pérdida parcial de la capacidad auditiva. A partir de los 40 decibelios en adelante, su presencia repercute en la adquisición de las funciones del lenguaje y el desarrollo integral del niño. Objetivo: describir la evolución de un caso clínico hipoacúsico con implante coclear, tras la aplicación de una terapia auditivo-verbal. Presentación de caso: se presenta un niño de 10 años y siete meses de edad, con retraso en el desarrollo del lenguaje debido a una Hipoacusia Neurosensorial Bilateral Profunda de presunto origen congénito. Después de ser diagnosticado tempranamente con esta enfermedad, fue incluido en el Programa Nacional de Implante Coclear con vistas a mejorar sus capacidades auditivas y facilitar así la retroalimentación auditiva. Luego de la cirugía se le comenzó a aplicar una terapia auditivo verbal para propiciar la adquisición adecuada de las funciones del lenguaje. Conclusiones: los niños con problemas de audición pueden aprender a escuchar y a hablar mediante un diagnóstico y una intervención temprana, la tecnología apropiada y con la dedicación de padres y terapeutas que comparten la visión de darle voz al futuro del niño. Es importante tener en cuenta que el tratamiento adecuado, la capacidad intelectual de los niños y el ambiente familiar, condicionan la evolución exitosa de las terapias aplicadas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral language is mainly based on acoustic information. Hypoacusis is the partial loss of hearing capacity; from 40 decibels and above, its presence has an impact on the acquisition of language functions and the overall development of the child. Objective: to describe the evolution of a clinical case of a hearing impaired patient with cochlear implant after the application of an auditory-verbal therapy. Case report: a 10-year-old and 7 months boy with delayed language development due to a Deep Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss of presumed congenital origin, after being diagnosed early with this disease he was included in the National Cochlear Implant Program in order to improve his hearing abilities and thus facilitate auditory feedback. After surgery, he began to undergo auditory-verbal therapy to promote the proper acquisition of language functions. Conclusions: hearing impaired children can learn to listen and speak through early diagnosis and intervention, appropriate technology and with the perseverance of parents and therapists who share the vision of giving voice to the future of the child. It is important to keep in mind that the appropriate treatment, the intellectual capacity of children and the family environment condition the successful evolution of the therapies applied.

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BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that genomic instability is associated with several mechanisms involving oxidative stress, which can increase the rate of DNA breaks. Such factors include smoking, impairments in body composition, an unhealthy lifestyle, and a hereditary history of cancer. The aim was to evaluate the degree of association of genomic instability in smokers and non-smokers, and how the risk could change depending on the lifestyle and other causes. For this purpose, a survey of tobacco consumption, dietary patterns, physical activity, antecedents of cancer, and body composition assessment was carried out. Genomic instability was evaluated through a single-cell gel electrophoresis using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in three different conditions of oxidative stress. The analysis of genomic damage degree was performed through a dimension reduction procedure (principal component analysis) from 16 parameters per treatment (adding up 48 parameters of genomic damage per subject) and a binary logistic regression model for DNA fragmentation risk. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 82 participants, divided into three age groups: young adults (18-35 years), adults (36-59 years), and older adults (60-95 years). As expected, the results showed a significant positive correlation of age with genomic damage rates, represented by 2 PCA groups (p = 0.027, p = 0.004). There were consistent significant positive associations of genomic damage rates with smoking index and three PCA groups (p = 0.007, p = 0.004, p = 0.009). The smoking status and age group analysis revealed that there were significant differences for adult smokers with the same aforementioned PCA groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.010). In addition, higher DNA damage rates were found in subjects with incorrect diet patterns, long sitting hours, and previous exposure to radiation. The analysis with binary logistic regression displayed two models in which lifestyles (age, diet, and/or sedentarism) did not change the significance of smoking index for DNA fragmentation risk; however, when physical activity was present in the model, the smoking index was not a significant factor for DNA damage risk. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is well known that smoking affects human health in different ways, DNA fragmentation can be analyzed by a damage phenotypic analysis and integrate a risk analysis reshaped by diet and lifestyle in general.

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INTRODUCTION: Objective: the exact prevalence of obesity in Mexico is not well known and varies between sources, but more than 30% of Mexico's population are obese. Obesity is associated with several diseases such as metabolic syndrome; the latter, along with cancer, have become public health concerns worldwide, and their association has been widely studied in developed countries. The aim of this study was to identify the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to describe its characteristics among first-time cancer patients at a referral center in Mexico. Methods: a prospective, observational, cohort study of first-time patients of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico in the period of September 2016-2017. We identified 1,165 first-time patients, and 316 patients with known or recently diagnosed metabolic syndrome were included. Results: median age was 55 years old and most were female (81%). The most frequent tumors were breast, gynecological, and hematological. Obesity (class 1-3) and abnormal glucose and/or previous diabetes mellitus diagnosis were mostly observed in patients with skin and soft tissue tumors; dyslipidemia, high triglycerides, and/or low HDL-cholesterol were mostly observed in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Conclusion: the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among first-time cancer patients was 27%. As obesity and cancer are of public concern in Mexico, the implementation of preventive strategies for metabolic syndrome patients, focusing on the first level of care during early stages in order to reduce the risk of cancer, is needed.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: la prevalencia de la obesidad en México es mayor del 30% de la población total. La obesidad se asocia con diversas enfermedades, entre ellas el síndrome metabólico; este y el cáncer se han convertido en problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial, y su asociación ha sido ampliamente estudiada en países desarrollados. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y describir las características entre pacientes oncológicos de primera vez en un hospital de tercer nivel en México. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, observacional y de cohortes que incluye a pacientes oncológicos atendidos por primera vez en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología durante el periodo de septiembre 2016 a 2017. Identificamos 1165 pacientes; 316 tenían el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico y fueron incluidos en el presente estudio. Resultados: la mediana de edad fue de 55 años y la mayoría de los pacientes eran del sexo femenino (81%). Las neoplasias más frecuentes fueron las de mama, ginecológicas y hematológicas. La obesidad (clase 1-3) y la glucosa anormal y/o un diagnóstico previo de diabetes mellitus se observaron mayormente en pacientes con neoplasias de piel y tejidos blandos; los pacientes con neoplasias gastrointestinales presentaron mayormente dislipidemia, triglicéridos elevados y/o HDL bajo. Conclusiones: la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en nuestros pacientes oncológicos fue de 27%. Al ser la obesidad y el cáncer problemas de salud pública en México, la implementación de medidas preventivas para pacientes con síndrome metabólico debe enfocarse en el primer nivel de atención, durante etapas tempranas, para poder reducir el riesgo de cáncer.

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