RESUMO
Introducción : El Síndrome Metabólico (SM) es una entidad clínica que se manifiesta por obesidad central, dislipidemia, hiperglicemia y/o hipertensión arterial y se relaciona con el desarrollo de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo : Determinar la prevalencia del SM en adolescentes escolarizados del Departamento Central en el 2021 y evaluar los factores de riesgo relacionados. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con componente analítico. Ingresaron 279 adolescentes de 10 a 16 años de 6 escuelas elegidas aleatoriamente. Se realizó una encuesta sobre estilos de vida, prácticas alimentarias, antecedentes familiares y perinatales. Se realizó medición de peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura (CC), glicemia, perfil lipídico y presión arterial. Para el diagnóstico de SM se utilizó los criterios de Cook. Aprobado por el Comité de Ética del IICS y del Hospital de Clínicas. Para el análisis se utilizaron tablas de frecuencias, mediana y Prueba del Chi cuadrado para razón de prevalencias (RP) con nivel de significancia p p90 36%. La prevalencia de SM fue del 10,7 %. La CC >p90 con RP de 31,4 (7,6-128), y la hipertrigliceridemia con RP de 46,8(14,8-147,7), fueron los componentes preponderantes de SM. El peso elevado al nacer y no realizar actividad física, fueron identificados como factores de riesgo significativo. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de SM fue 10,7%, se relacionó con mayor peso al nacimiento, obesidad y sedentarismo.
Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a clinical entity that is manifested by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and/or arterial hypertension and is related to the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To determine the prevalence of MS in adolescents enrolled in school in the Central Department in 2021 and to evaluate their related risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study with an analytical component. 279 adolescents aged 10 to 16 years old from 6 randomly chosen schools were included. A survey on lifestyles, eating practices, family and perinatal history was performed. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), glycemia, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. Cook's criteria were used for the diagnosis of MS. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the IICS and the University Hospital. For data analysis, tables of frequencies, median and Chi-square test were used for the prevalence ratio (PR) with a significance level of p p90 in 36%. The prevalence of MS was 10.7%. WC >p90 with a PR of 31.4 (7.6-128), and hypertriglyceridemia with a PR of 46.8 (14.8-147.7), were the predominant components of MS. High birth weight and physical inactivity were identified as significant risk factors. Conclusions: The prevalence of MS was 10.7%, it was related to higher birth weight, obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 subtype B is largely predominant in the Caribbean, although other subtypes have been recently identified in Cuba. OBJECTIVES: To examine HIV-1 genetic diversity in Cuba. METHODS: The study enrolled 105 HIV-1-infected individuals, 93 of whom had acquired the infection in Cuba. DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used for polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of pol (protease-reverse transcriptase) and env (V3 region) segments. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining method. Intersubtype recombination was analysed by bootscanning. RESULTS: Of the samples, 50 (48%) were of subtype B and 55 (52%) of diverse non-B subtypes and recombinant forms. Among non-B viruses, 12 were non-recombinant, belonging to six subtypes (C, D, F1, G, H and J), the most frequent of which was subtype G (n = 5). The remaining 43 (78%) non-B viruses were recombinant, with 14 different forms, the two most common of which were Dpol/Aenv (n = 21) and U(unknown)pol/Henv (n = 7), which grouped in respective monophyletic clusters. Twelve recombinant viruses were mosaics of different genetic forms circulating in Cuba. Overall, 21 genetic forms were identified, with all known HIV-1 group M subtypes present in Cuba, either as non-recombinant viruses or as segments of recombinant forms. Non-B subtype viruses were predominant among heterosexuals (72%) and B subtype viruses among homo- or bisexuals (63%). CONCLUSION: An extraordinarily high diversity of HIV-1 genetic forms, unparalleled in the Americas and comparable to that found in Central Africa, is present in Cuba.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/genética , Cuba/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Feminino , Genes pol , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/classificação , Humanos , Masculino , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
The findings that BF intersubtype recombinant human immunodeficiency type 1 viruses (HIV-1) with coincident breakpoints in pol are circulating widely in Argentina and that non-recombinant F subtype viruses have failed to be detected in this country were reported recently. To analyse the mosaic structures of these viruses and to determine their phylogenetic relationship, near full-length proviral genomes of eight of these recombinant viruses were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Intersubtype breakpoints were analysed by bootscanning and examining the signature nucleotides. Phylogenetic relationships were determined with neighbour-joining trees. Five viruses, each with predominantly subtype F genomes, exhibited mosaic structures that were highly similar. Two intersubtype breakpoints were shared by all viruses and seven by the majority. Of the consensus breakpoints, all nine were present in two viruses, which exhibited identical recombinant structures, and four to eight breakpoints were present in the remaining viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences supported both a common ancestry, at least in part of their genomes, for all recombinant viruses and the phylogenetic relationship of F subtype segments with F subtype viruses from Brazil. A common ancestry of the recombinants was supported also by the presence of shared signature amino acids and nucleotides, either unreported or highly unusual in F and B subtype viruses. These results indicate that HIV-1 BF recombinant viruses with diverse mosaic structures, including a circulating recombinant form (which are widespread in Argentina) derive from a common recombinant ancestor and that F subtype segments of these recombinants are related phylogenetically to the F subtype viruses from Brazil.