RESUMO
Plasmodium juxtanucleare is one of the agents that cause avian malaria in chickens and little is known about the treatment of the infection. The aim of this study was to compare the antimalarial activities of rutin and chloroquine in chickens infected with P. juxtanucleare after immunosuppression with corticosteroid. Antimalarial activity was verified in 33 fowls by evaluation of parasitemia levels in Giemsa-stained blood smears taken to 30 days. Rutin did not exert a reduction in parasitemia from P. juxtanucleare when compared to chloroquine treatment that kept the parasites at a low level, demonstrating its antimalarial effect. During the course of the infection, the trophozoite stage predominated (80%), followed by schizont (17%) and gametocyte (3%). Maximum parasitemia levels were recorded on day 12 in control and rutin groups. There were no significant differences in the hematocrit values, weight body or the temperature of the fowls among the groups evaluated (p > 0.05).
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Galinhas , Cloroquina/uso terapêutico , Malária/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Rutina/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides , Análise de Variância , Animais , Temperatura Corporal , Peso Corporal , Hematócrito/veterinária , Terapia de Imunossupressão/veterinária , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Parasitemia/veterináriaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to collect and to quantify the ciliate genera present in the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum in 30 slaughtered bovines. Rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum were sampled and their contents (45ml) were collected and evaluated for temperature, pH and ciliates population. The results showed that the rumen and reticulum environments are quite stable with average temperature between 36 and 37ºC and pH 6.5. The ciliate population in the rumen was Entodinium (65.0%), Isotricha (7.0%), Diplodinium (5.7%), Ostracodinium (5.1%), Eremoplastron (4.5%), Dasytricha (3.8%) and seven other genera which made 8.7%. In the reticulum, the population was Entodinium (35.2%), Isotricha (23.4%), Dasytricha (15.4%) Eodinium (7.2%), Eremoplastron (5.0%), Diplodinium (4.3%), Ostracodinium (3.8%) plus 5.6% of other five genera. The same genera were found in the omasum but in a smaller percentage than in the rumen and reticulum. No ciliates were found in the abomasum. The population profile analysis of the rumen samples has showed the predominance of type O (87%) followed by type B (13%).
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e quantificar os gêneros de ciliados do rúmen, retículo, omaso e abomaso de bovinos abatidos em matadouro municipal. Foram coletados 45ml de conteúdo de cada cavidade de 30 animais. No momento da coleta foram medidos temperatura e pH e as amostras posteriormente analisadas em laboratório. Os resultados mostraram que o ambiente do rúmen e do retículo é bastante estável com temperatura média entre 36 e 37ºC e pH 6,5. Os gêneros mais encontrados no rúmen foram Entodinium (65,0%), Isotricha (7,0%), Diplodinium (5,7%), Ostracodinium (5,1%), Eremoplastron (4,5%), Dasytricha (3,8%) e outros sete gêneros que totalizaram os 8,7% restantes. No retículo os resultados foram Entodinium (35,2%), Isotricha (23,4%), Dasytricha (15,4%) Eodinium (7,2%), Eremoplastron (5,0%), Diplodinium (4,3%), Ostracodinium (3,8%) e outros cinco gêneros totalizando os 5,6% restantes. No omaso foram encontrados os mesmos gêneros, porém em menor quantidade que no rúmen e retículo. No abomaso não foram encontrados ciliados. A análise do perfil populacional das amostras do rúmen mostrou predominância do tipo 0 (87%), seguido do tipo B (13%).