RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To date, the prognostic value of laterality for testicular germ cell tumors remains unknown. Herein, we describe this prognostic factor in the Mexican population. METHODS: A retrospective single-center study that included 37 patients with primary testicular germ cell tumors was conducted. Primary outcome was recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 2 years. Secondary outcomes were RFS by histology, progression-free survival by laterality, and 2-year overall survival. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were included, of which five showed relapses. By laterality, the 2-year RFS rate was 100% for left tumors and 77.3% for right tumors, with a trend toward statistical significance (P = 0.058). By histology, the RFS rate was higher for seminomas than non-seminomas (89% vs. 83%, respectively) without this difference being statistically significant. Progression-free survival was higher for right tumors than left tumors (91% vs. 80%, respectively) but without reaching statistical significance. The overall survival rate for the entire cohort was 94.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that patients with primary germ cell tumors of the right testicle have a higher risk of recurrence than those with primary germ cell tumors of the left testicle, with a trend toward statistical significance.
RESUMO
Resumen El síndrome hemofagocítico es una enfermedad caracterizada por fiebre, citopenias, esplenomegalia y otras alteraciones en laboratorios debido a una activación excesiva de los macrófagos, debido a mutaciones genéticas o secundario a infecciones, malignidad o enfermedades reumatológicas. Debido a la poca especificidad de los síntomas, el diagnóstico usualmente se realiza de manera tardía. Su manejo requiere el tratamiento de la causa subyacente, y de ser necesario, medicamentos que disminuyan la respuesta inflamatoria.
Abstract Hemophagocytic syndrome is a disease characterized by fever, cytopenia, splenomegaly and other alterations in laboratories due to excessive activation of macrophages, by genetic mutations or secondary to infections, malignancy or rheumatological diseases. Because of the low specificity of the symptoms, the diagnosis is usually late. Its management requires the treatment of the underlying cause and, if necessary, medications that decrease the inflammatory response.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: The incidence of pneumonitis reported in previous trials in patients with advanced cancer and use of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy inhibitors was 2.7-3.6%. However, none of these trials included Mexican populations. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis involving 87 patients with advanced cancer who received PD-1 inhibitors as part of their therapy. The primary outcome was the incidence of pneumonitis after using PD-1 inhibitors. The secondary outcomes were major risk factors and radiological patterns of pneumonitis. RESULTS: We found 13 cases of pneumonitis, giving an overall incidence of 15%; three of the cases were high-grade (grade 3). A ground-glass pattern was the major form found by chest computed tomography scans. We did not find any significant risk factor for pneumonitis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of pneumonitis secondary to treatment with PD-1 inhibitors in our Mexican population was 15%, which is 5 times higher than that found in other studies. No risk factor was identified for this increased incidence of drug-induced pneumonitis following the use of PD-1 inhibitors.