RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most important hemoglobinopathy in terms of frequency and social impact and can affect the stomatognathic system. AIM: To assess and compare the developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in children and adolescents with and without SCD. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative study of 210 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years, who visited the Hematology and Hemotherapy Hospital of Pernambuco. RESULTS: Developmental defects of the enamel were observed in 55.2% of the SCD patients and 35.2% of the non-SCD patients (healthy group; p < .05). In the SCD group, DDE were more common in females than in males (69.1% vs. 40.0%; p < .05). The incidence of DDE in the permanent teeth was higher in the upper arch than in the lower arch (SCD group, 13.1% vs. 4.6%; healthy group, 8.9% vs. 3.6%; p < .05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the healthy group, the SCD patients were almost twice as likely to develop DDE, mostly affecting females and the permanent teeth. These findings suggest that individuals with SCD need early dental care to avoid future oral problems.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dentição Permanente , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Esmalte Dentário , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that a school climate of more heteronormativity is associated with adverse effects on the mental health of LGB students. Accordingly, our aim was to assess the association between lower LGB prevalence in schools and unhealthy weight-control behaviors among LGB youth. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multilevel study based in public high schools in the city of Olinda, Northeast Brazil. A multilevel logistic regression was performed, including 2500 adolescents enrolled in 27 schools. The contextual variable was the prevalence of LGB youth in each school (as a proxy for heteronormativity in schools), while the outcome was unhealthy weight-control behaviors (fasting, purging, and taking diet pills). We controlled for socioeconomic characteristics (age, sex, receiving a family allowance), obesity, and self-reported happiness. RESULTS: Lower LGB prevalence in schools was associated with higher odds of engaging in unhealthy weight-control behaviors (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.0, 2.2) among all youth, regardless of sexual orientation. No cross-level interactions between school context and individual characteristics were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Lower LGB prevalence in schools was associated with a higher risk of unhealthy weight-control behaviors in youth regardless of sexual orientation, which may reflect either the contextual influence of school climate, or may be due to residual confounding.
Assuntos
Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multinível , Prevalência , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Untreated dental caries can result a negative impact on oral health-related quality of life. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors in children enrolled in public preschools in the city of Recife, Brazil. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative random sample of 556 children aged 3-5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected through clinical examinations using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. The parents answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Two examiners underwent training and calibration exercise for the calculation of interexaminer agreement (Kappa index of 0.83). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: In addition to descriptive data, an inductive decision tree was constructed to analyze the results (Algorithm J48; α = 5%). RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries was 92.1%. The following factors were associated with dental caries: brushing performed by the child (prevalence ratio [PR] = 4.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.57-7.51 P < 0.001), household income less than the minimum wage (PR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.18-2.72, P = 0.005), brushing frequency (PR = 1.50; CI 95%: 0.50-4.49; P = 0.001), and parent's/caregiver's school equal to an incomplete elementary school education (PR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.56-1.74, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of dental caries in children was high and was associated with brushing performed by the child, household income less than the monthly minimum wage, low brushing frequency, and low parent's/caregiver's schooling.
Assuntos
Árvores de Decisões , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pais/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Renda , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Prevalência , Escovação DentáriaRESUMO
Sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene, can present oral manifestations such as delayed tooth eruption and hypomineralized enamel and dentin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and delayed tooth eruption in children with sickle cell anemia. The sample comprised 56 male and female children with sickle cell anemia aged 6 to 12 years and treated at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Pernambuco, Brazil. The data were collected according to the WHO criteria for DDE and tooth eruption. The prevalence of DDE was 58.2% and increased with age, affecting 43.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years and 66.7% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p>0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). There was no significant association between DDE and sex; the most prevalent type of DDE was diffuse opacity (6.2%). Tooth eruption was delayed in 18 children (32.1%). The delay increased with age and was detected in 11.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years, in 20.0% of those aged 8 to 10 years and in 54.2% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p<0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). Delayed tooth eruption was higher in males (36.7%, p>0.05). The prevalence of DDE was high, increased with age and was similar between sexes, while delayed eruption was higher in males and showed a significant association with age.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Esmalte Dentário/anormalidades , Doenças Dentárias/epidemiologia , Erupção Dentária , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Doenças Dentárias/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a period of transition, between childhood and adulthood marked by biological, psychological and social changes. These changes characterize the situations of vulnerability to which these individuals are exposed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between alcohol consumption and involvement in physical violence among adolescent students in the city of Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil METHODS: This was a pilot, cross-sectional, study conducted with adolescents enrolled in high school. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire was applied in the classroom and questions were taken from the modules on alcohol consumption, violence and socioeconomic data. Analysis of associations was performed using the Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test when the Chi-square parameters were not met. RESULTS: Involvement in physical altercations was associated with male gender (p = 0.001), alcohol consumption in the last 30 days (p = 0.019), binge drinking (p = 0.022) and higher maternal education (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: There was an association between the consumption of alcohol by adolescents and physical violence. These results are an indication of the vulnerability to which this population is exposed and is a warning of the need for further studies to investigate this issue
INTRODUÇÃO: A adolescência é um período de transição, compreendido entre a infância e a vida adulta marcado por alterações biológicas, psicológicas e sociais. Essas alterações caracterizam as situações de vulnerabilidade as quais esses indivíduos estão expostos. OBJETIVO: Analisar a existência de associação entre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e envolvimento em situações de violência física entre adolescentes escolares do município de Olinda, PE MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo piloto, do tipo transversal, realizado com adolescentes matriculados no ensino médio. O questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey foi aplicado em sala de aula e foram adotadas questões referentes aos módulos consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, violência e dados socioeconômicos. Para análise de associação foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou o teste de Exato de Fisher quando os parametros de utilização do Qui-quadrado não eram atendidos. RESULTADOS: O envolvimento em luta corporal esteve associado ao sexo masculino (p=0,001), ao consumo de álcool nos ultimos trinta dias (p=0,019), ao binge drinking (p=0,022) e a maior escolaridade materna (p=0,037). CONCLUSÃO: Houve associação entre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por adolescentes e o envolvimento em brigas. Esses resultados são um indício da vulnerabilidade a qual a esta população está exposta e faz um alerta à necessidade de estudos que aprofundem a temática abordada.
RESUMO
Abstract Sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene, can present oral manifestations such as delayed tooth eruption and hypomineralized enamel and dentin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and delayed tooth eruption in children with sickle cell anemia. The sample comprised 56 male and female children with sickle cell anemia aged 6 to 12 years and treated at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Pernambuco, Brazil. The data were collected according to the WHO criteria for DDE and tooth eruption. The prevalence of DDE was 58.2% and increased with age, affecting 43.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years and 66.7% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p>0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). There was no significant association between DDE and sex; the most prevalent type of DDE was diffuse opacity (6.2%). Tooth eruption was delayed in 18 children (32.1%). The delay increased with age and was detected in 11.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years, in 20.0% of those aged 8 to 10 years and in 54.2% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p<0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). Delayed tooth eruption was higher in males (36.7%, p>0.05). The prevalence of DDE was high, increased with age and was similar between sexes, while delayed eruption was higher in males and showed a significant association with age.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Doenças Dentárias/epidemiologia , Erupção Dentária , Esmalte Dentário/anormalidades , Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Doenças Dentárias/etiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Distribuição por Sexo , Distribuição por Idade , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/etiologia , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/epidemiologia , Anemia Falciforme/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and treatment need in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the sample size comprised 35 five-year-old children and 36 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 to 18 years, with SCD. Dental occlusion was assessed using two indexes: the Malocclusion Index (World Health Organization) and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). RESULTS: The prevalence of malocclusion in the preschool children was 62.9%. The main malocclusions observed in this age group were Class II (37.1%), increased overjet (28.6%), reduced overbite (28.6%), and open bite (17.1%). In the 12- to 18-year-old subjects, the prevalence of malocclusion was 100%, and the most prevalent types of malocclusion were maxillary overjet (63.9%) and maxillary misalignment (58.3%). It is noteworthy that the majority of adolescents (80.6%) had very severe or disabling malocclusions. CONCLUSION: The results revealed a high prevalence of malocclusion in children and adolescents with SCD. According to DAI score, the majority of the sample presented with very severe malocclusion and a compulsory treatment need.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Má Oclusão/epidemiologia , Avaliação das Necessidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Estética Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Má Oclusão Classe I de Angle/epidemiologia , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/epidemiologia , Mordida Aberta/epidemiologia , Sobremordida/epidemiologia , Pais/educação , Prevalência , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Perda de Dente/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review addressed what the ideal limit is for removing carious tissue to address a caries lesion. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The Medline, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched for abstracts of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2010 as well as randomized clinical trials about the total, partial, and/or nonmechanical removal of carious tissue in primary teeth. The analysis of the abstracts was performed individually by two reviewers. The full text of potentially relevant studies was obtained, analyzed based on criteria for quality assessment of a randomized clinical trial, and placed in an evidence-based table. RESULTS: After reading the abstracts, 151 articles were excluded. Six references met the inclusion criteria and were selected for full reading. After the reviewers consulted with one another, three papers were considered potentially relevant to this review. CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that minimally invasive procedures for dental tissue are viable choices for stopping caries lesions. Partial or nonmechanical removal of carious tissue favors the arrest of dental caries lesions.
Assuntos
Tratamento Dentário Restaurador sem Trauma , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Dente Decíduo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coroas , Dentina/patologia , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma in children aged 1 to 5 years old and its associated factors (gender, age group, malocclusion and labial-closing), interviewing parents and guardians for additional information on the trauma occurrence. A transversal study of 820 preschool children from the City of Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil was conducted. Data were collected by means of a clinical examination and a structured interview. The statistical analysis included a distribution of frequencies, a bi- and a multi-variate analysis at a significance level of 5%. Trauma prevalence was 20.1%, tooth 61 was the most often affected, and enamel fractures followed by the fractures of the enamel and the dentine were the most frequent alterations. Trauma prevalence was highest in 3- to 5-year-old males with malocclusion (open bite and protrusion) (p < 0.05). According to most parents and/or guardians, the most usual etiology was falling and the place most often cited was home. All the variables studied, except for lip coverage, were associated with dental trauma. The outcome of the present study showed high prevalence of dental trauma in a pediatric population under the age of 5 years. Falls and accidental collisions were the etiological factors most often cited. The front upper incisors were the teeth most often affected, and enamel fracture was the trauma most often observed.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The aim of this paper was to identify the main oral and dental aspects of childhood abuse and dental neglect, contributing to the identification of these victims in a dental office. A bibliographic research was carried out, in ADOLEC, MEDLINE, LILACS and BBO databases. The following key words were used: child abuse, oral manifestations, dentists; role; liability, legal. It was verified that violence against children happens in general at home and the resulting orofacial injuries encompass: injuries, burns and lacerations on soft and hard tissues, bite marks and gradually-healed wounds. It can have wounds in other parts of the body next to the oral cavity, such as periorbital wound and nasal injury. Regarding sexual abuse, many victims do not present any associated physic signs; therefore, behavioral indicators must be observed. The immediate recognition and report of childhood abuse and dental negligence by dental surgeon are essential for children protection. Therefore, it is critical to define more effective action from those professionals, by registration and denunciation of suspect cases to child protection agencies.