RESUMO
Las percepciones de los productores ganaderos respecto a su bienestar, la calidad del agua y la diversidad de herpetofauna fueron examinadas usando entrevistas semiestructuradas a los productores y a las instituciones locales. Las entrevistas se utilizaron para desarrollar indicadores enmarcados en los capitales de la comunidad y validados a través de cuatro talleres. Los resultados indicaron que los productores tienen percepciones similares respecto a las relaciones entre la calidad del agua y la biodiversidad. Los productores comentaron que la cantidad de agua ha ido disminuyendo, aunque la mayoría de los productores no perciben una relación entre la calidad del agua, la salud humana o la salud del ganado. Hubo una ausencia significativa de las instituciones locales, la promoción y la financiación de proyectos de conservación de la biodiversidad, el acceso y almacenamiento de agua. En cuanto a la herpetofauna, las respuestas de los productores se han centrado en las funciones medicinales, alimenticias y controladores biológicos que estos organismos proveen. La mayoría de los productores entrevistados afirmaron que la incorporación de sistemas silvopastoriles en fincas ofrece beneficios, incluida la mejora de la calidad del agua y la conservación de la biodiversidad agrícola. Los productores demostraron conocimientos locales en la ubicación de las fuentes de agua y el uso tradicional de la herpetofauna.
Perceptions of livestock producers regarding their welfare, water quality and herpetofauna diversity were examined using semi-structured interviews with farmers and local institutions. Interviews was used to develop indicators framed in community capitals and validated through four workshops. The results indicated that producers have similar perceptions of the relationships between water quality and biodiversity. Producers indicated that the amount of water has been declining, although most producers do not perceive a relationship between water quality, human health or livestock health. There was a significant absence of: local institutions, biodiversity conservation projects promotion and financing, access and water storage. Regarding the herpetofauna, the' responses of producers have focused on medicinal, nutritional functions and biological regulation that these organisms provide. Most farmers interviewed stated that the incorporation ogf agroforestry systems on offers benefits including improved water quality and conservation of agricultural biodiversity. Farmers demonstrated local knowledge in locating water sources and in the traditional use of herpetofauna.
Assuntos
Humanos , Biodiversidade , Répteis , Água , AnfíbiosRESUMO
Land use intensification can greatly reduce species richness and ecosystem functioning. However, species richness determines ecosystem functioning through the diversity and values of traits of species present. Here, we analyze changes in species richness and functional diversity (FD) at varying agricultural land use intensity levels. We test hypotheses of FD responses to land use intensification in plant, bird, and mammal communities using trait data compiled for 1600+ species. To isolate changes in FD from changes in species richness we compare the FD of communities to the null expectations of FD values. In over one-quarter of the bird and mammal communities impacted by agriculture, declines in FD were steeper than predicted by species number. In plant communities, changes in FD were indistinguishable from changes in species richness. Land use intensification can reduce the functional diversity of animal communities beyond changes in species richness alone, potentially imperiling provisioning of ecosystem services.
Assuntos
Adaptação Biológica/fisiologia , Agricultura , Biodiversidade , Aves/fisiologia , Mamíferos/fisiologia , Modelos Biológicos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Vegetais , Animais , América Central , Bases de Dados Factuais , América do Norte , Dinâmica Populacional , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Tropical forest biodiversity is declining, but the resulting effects on key ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and sequestration, remain unknown. We assessed the influence of the loss of tropical tree species on carbon storage by simulating 18 possible extinction scenarios within a well-studied 50-hectare tropical forest plot in Panama, which contains 227 tree species. Among extinction scenarios, aboveground carbon stocks varied by more than 600%, and biological insurance varied by more than 400%. These results indicate that future carbon storage in tropical forests will be influenced strongly by future species composition.