RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The production of carbapenem-hydrolyzing ß-lactamases is one of the most concerning resistance mechanisms since it eliminates the last therapeutic option against multidrug resistant microorganisms. AIM: To determine the production of KPC and NDM-1 type carbapenemases, using phenotypic and genotypic methods, in isolated enterobacteria in a clinical laboratory in the city of Maracay, Venezuela. METHODS: The production of carbapenemases was determined by phenotypic (according to the Malbrán algorithm) and genotypic methods (amplification of the blaNDM-1 and blaKPC genes by PCR) in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae during the period March-August 2018. RESULTS: 605 Enterobacteriaceae of different species were identified, being Escherichia coli the strain with the highest percentage of isolation (61.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.9%). Sixteen strains (2.64%) were positive for carbapenemases production: 13 strains of K. pneumoniae and three of the Enterobacter cloacae complex. PCR showed that 14 strains (87.5%) carry the blaNDM-1 gene and two strains (12.5%) the blaKPC gene; 100% agreement was observed between phenotypic determination and PCR for both groups of enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed a higher incidence of metallo-ß-lactamase type NDM-1, which rapid dissemination and consequently difficult control has been cause of epidemiological alert. The identification of the type of enzyme would allow establishing more accurate management and control strategies in order to eradicate these pathogens.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , Antibacterianos , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Humanos , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Laboratórios , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Venezuela , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La producción de beta-lactamasas capaces de hidrolizar a los carbapenémicos es uno de los mecanismos de resistencia más preocupantes porque eliminan la última opción terapéutica frente a los microorganismos multi-resistentes. OBJETIVO: Determinar la producción de carbapenemasas tipo KPC y NDM-1, empleando métodos fenotípicos y genotípicos, en enterobacterias aisladas en un laboratorio clínico de la ciudad de Maracay, Venezuela. MÉTODOS: Se determinó la producción de carbapenemasas mediante métodos fenotípicos (según algoritmo de Malbrán) y genotípicos (amplificación de los genes blaNDM-1 y blaKPC por RPC) en enterobacterias aisladas en un laboratorio clínico durante el período marzo-agosto 2018. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 605 enterobacterias de diferentes especies, siendo Escherichia coli la cepa con mayor porcentaje de aislamiento (61,3%), seguida por Klebsiella pneumoniae (14,9%). Diez y seis enterobacterias (2,64%) fueron positivas para la producción de carbapenemasas: 13 cepas de K. pneumoniae y tres del complejo Enterobacter cloacae. La RPC demostró que 14 cepas (87,5%) contienen el gen blaNDM-1 y dos (12,5%) el gen blaKPC; se observó 100% de concordancia entre la determinación fenotípica y la RPC para ambos grupos de enzimas. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados mostraron mayor incidencia de la metalo-beta-lactamasa tipo NDM-1, reconocida como una alarma epidemiológica debido a que su rápida diseminación dificulta su control, por lo que la identificación del tipo de enzima permitiría establecer estrategias de manejo y control más certeras con la finalidad de erradicar a dichos patógenos.
BACKGROUND: The production of carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases is one of the most concerning resistance mechanisms since it eliminates the last therapeutic option against multidrug resistant microorganisms. AIM: To determine the production of KPC and NDM-1 type carbapenemases, using phenotypic and genotypic methods, in isolated enterobacteria in a clinical laboratory in the city of Maracay, Venezuela. METHODS: The production of carbapenemases was determined by phenotypic (according to the Malbrán algorithm) and genotypic methods (amplification of the blaNDM-1 and blaKPC genes by PCR) in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae during the period March-August 2018. RESULTS: 605 Enterobacteriaceae of different species were identified, being Escherichia coli the strain with the highest percentage of isolation (61.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.9%). Sixteen strains (2.64%) were positive for carbapenemases production: 13 strains of K. pneumoniae and three of the Enterobacter cloacae complex. PCR showed that 14 strains (87.5%) carry the blaNDM-1 gene and two strains (12.5%) the blaKPC gene; 100% agreement was observed between phenotypic determination and PCR for both groups of enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed a higher incidence of metallo-beta-lactamase type NDM-1, which rapid dissemination and consequently difficult control has been cause of epidemiological alert. The identification of the type of enzyme would allow establishing more accurate management and control strategies in order to eradicate these pathogens.
Assuntos
Humanos , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Fenótipo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Venezuela , beta-Lactamases/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Genótipo , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Laboratórios , AntibacterianosRESUMO
RATIONALE: Prenatal omega-3 fatty acids improve alveolarization, diminish inflammation, and improve pulmonary growth, but it is unclear whether these outcomes translate into improved postnatal lung function. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of prenatal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on offspring lung function through 60 months of age. METHODS: We included a cohort of 772 Mexican preschoolers whose mothers participated in a clinical trial (NCT00646360) of supplementation with DHA or a placebo from week 18-22 of gestation through delivery. MEASUREMENTS: The children were followed after birth and anthropometric measurements and forced oscillation tests were performed at 36, 48, and 60 months of age. The effect of DHA was tested using a longitudinal mixed effect models. RESULTS: Overall, mean (Standard Deviation) of the measurements of respiratory system resistance and respiratory system reactance at 6, 8, and 10 Hz during follow up period were 11.3 (2.4), 11.1 (2.4), 10.3 (2.2) and -5.2 (1.6), -4.8 (1.7), -4.6 (1.6), respectively. There were no significant differences in pulmonary function by treatment group. DHA did not affect the average lung function or the trajectories through 60 months. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal DHA supplementation did not influence pulmonary function in this cohort of Mexican preschoolers.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/epidemiologia , Testes de Função Respiratória , Adolescente , Adulto , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lymphoma is the third most common malignancy in children (0-14 years) and the first in adolescents (15-19 years). This population-based study-the largest ever done in Spain-analyses incidence and survival of lymphomas among Spanish children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 1664 lymphoma cases (1983-2007) for incidence and 1030 for survival (1991-2005) followed until 31/12/2010, were provided by 11 cancer registries. Age-adjusted incidence rates (ASRw) to the world standard population were obtained; incidence trends were modelled using the Joinpoint programme, observed survival (OS) was estimated with Kaplan-Meier and trends tested with a log-rank test. Results are presented according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer-3. RESULTS: In Spain, the ASRw0-14 for lymphomas was 17.5 per 1.000.000 child-years and 50.0 the specific rate for adolescents. Overall incidence increased significantly during 1983-1997 with no increases thereafter. Patients over 9 years old showed significant rising trends for all subtypes, except for Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in adolescents. During 2001-2005 (age 0-19 years), 5-year OS was 94 (90-98), 73 (64-83) and 86 (78-94) for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and BL, respectively. No improvement in survival was found. The incidence in Spain was higher than overall European rates, but within the range of that in Southern Europe. Comparing OS in Spain 1991-1995 and 2001-2005 with results for Europe of the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System (ACCIS) (1988-1997) and the European cancer registry-based study on survival and care of cancer patients (EUROCARE) (2000-2007), it was similar for HL and lower for NHL and BL. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic monitoring and analysis of lymphoma paediatric data would provide clinical and epidemiological information to improve the health care of these patients and the outcomes for these malignancies in Spain.
Assuntos
Linfoma/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The objective of the study was to assess the clinical, histopathological and immunochemical changes induced by dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) treatment in patients with chronic cervicitis associated to HPV infection. Fifty-four female Mexican patients diagnosed with chronic cervicitis, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN 1) and HPV infection were divided into two groups: patients treated with placebo and patients treated with DLE. Clinical and colposcopy evaluations were performed before and after treatments. Cervix biopsies were obtained to analyze histopathological features and to determine the local immunological changes by immunohistochemistry analyses. Placebo-treated patients showed no significant changes in the evaluated parameters. Interestingly, in DLE-treated patients, clinical manifestations of cervicitis diminished and 89% of them remitted the colposcopic lesions. Histological analyses of biopsies from DLE-treated patients showed a decreasing leukocyte infiltrate. Immunochemical analyses showed an increased expression of TGF-ß, while expression of IFN-γ, PCNA, and IL-32 decreased. Our results suggest that DLE can stimulate innate immunity of cervical mucosae, diminishing chronic cervicitis in HPV-infected patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Register ISRCTN16429164 Abbreviations: HPV = Human Papilloma Virus; DLE = Dialyzable leukocyte extract.
Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Fator de Transferência/uso terapêutico , Cervicite Uterina/complicações , Cervicite Uterina/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Colo do Útero/patologia , Doença Crônica , Colposcopia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Cervicite Uterina/diagnóstico por imagem , Cervicite Uterina/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin©) is widely used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and recently as a drug of abuse. Although the effect of MPH has been studied in brain regions such as striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus has received relatively little attention. It is known that MPH increases the TBS-dependent Long Term Potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still unknown. Using field potential recordings and western blot analysis in rat hippocampal slices of young rats, we found that acute application of MPH enhances LTP in CA3-CA1 synapses in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 73.44±6.32 nM. Using specific antagonists and paired-pulse facilitation protocols, we observed that the MPH-dependent increase of LTP involves not only ß-adrenergic receptors activation but also post-synaptic D1/D5 dopamine receptors. The inhibition of PKA with PKI, suppressed the facilitation of LTP induced by MPH consistent with an involvement of the adenyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA dependent cascade downstream of the activation of D1/D5 receptors. In addition, samples of CA1 areas taken from slices potentiated with MPH presented an increase in the phosphorylation of the Ser845 residue of the GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors compared to control slices. This effect was reverted by SCH23390, antagonist of D1/D5 receptors, and PKI. Moreover, we found an increase of surface-associated functional AMPA receptors. We propose that MPH increases TBS-dependent LTP in CA3-CA1 synapses through a polysynaptic mechanism involving activation of ß-adrenergic and D1/D5 dopaminergic receptors and promoting the trafficking and insertion of functional AMPA receptors to the plasma membrane.
Assuntos
Região CA1 Hipocampal/efeitos dos fármacos , Região CA1 Hipocampal/fisiologia , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Potenciação de Longa Duração/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciação de Longa Duração/fisiologia , Metilfenidato/farmacologia , Animais , Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/fisiologia , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de AMPA/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D1/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D5/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
Two independent trials were conducted in the present study to evaluate the effect of 5% glycerol supplementation combined with dietary FloraMax-B11 (FM) against Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in neonate broiler chickens. In each trial, 60 chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Group 1 received a control diet. Group 2 received a control diet supplemented with 5% glycerol. Group 3 received a control diet supplemented with FM, and group 4 received a control diet supplemented with 5% glycerol and FM. At placement, chickens were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis at 10(4) cfu/bird. In each trial, 12 chicks were humanely killed 72 h postchallenge, respectively, for Salmonella Enteritidis colonization. Supplementation of 5% glycerol or FM by themselves, showed no significant effect on Salmonella Enteritidis recovery or incidence when compared with control nontreated chickens in both trials. However, no detectable Salmonella Enteritidis was observed in the chickens that received the supplementation of 5% glycerol combined with FM in both trials. Further studies are in progress in older birds to substantiate these findings.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glicerol , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Probióticos , Salmonelose Animal/prevenção & controle , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/microbiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Salmonella enteritidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Mangifera indica L. (mango) stem bark aqueous extract (MSBE) that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, can be obtained in Cuba. It is rich in polyphenols, where mangiferin is the main component. In this study, we have tested DNA damage and protection effects of MSBE and mangiferin on primary human lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cell suspensions were incubated with the products (50-1000 µg/ml) for experiments on damage induction, and evaluation of any potential protective effects (5-100 µg/ml) for 60 min at 37 °C. Irradiation was performed using a γ-ray source, absorbed dose 5 Gy. At the end of exposure, DNA damage, protection and repair processes were evaluated using the comet assay. RESULTS: MSBE (100-1000 µg/ml) induced DNA damage in a concentration dependent manner in both cell types tested, primary cells being more sensitive. Mangiferin (200 µg/ml) only induced light DNA damage at higher concentrations. DNA repair capacity was not affected after MSBE or mangiferin exposure. On the other hand, MSBE (25 and 50 µg/ml) and mangiferin (5-25 ug/ml) protected against gamma radiation-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS: These results show MSBE has protector or harmful effects on DNA in vitro depending on the experimental conditions, which suggest that the extract could be acting as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant product. Mangiferin was involved in protective effects of the extract.
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/efeitos da radiação , Mangifera/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Xantonas/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Células Cultivadas , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Raios gama/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Linfócitos/citologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The perioperative management of patients with brain tumours is a challenge for the neurosurgeon and the entire surgical team. The treating physician should consider factors such as the type of tumour, extent of disease, treatment received, the presence of comorbidities and prognosis of the disease itself. The successful execution of all aspects involved in perioperative management in patients with brain tumours will help prolong the life and improve the quality of life of patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neurocirurgia , Papel do Médico , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Humanos , Convulsões/etiologia , Convulsões/terapia , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/terapiaRESUMO
The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) is classically known as the area of the Thalamic Lateral Geniculate Complex providing the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) non-photic information. In the present study we investigated whether this information might be related to the metabolic state of the animal. The following groups of male Wistar rats were used for analysis of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and c-Fos in the IGL and SCN. (1) Fed ad libitum. (2) Fasted for 48 h. (3) Fasted for 48 h followed by refeeding for 3 h. (4) Monosodium glutamate-lesioned and 48 h fasted. (5) Electrolytic lesion in the IGL and 48 h fasted. The results were quantified by optical densitometry. Neuronal tracers were injected in two brain areas that receive metabolic information from the periphery, the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and Nucleus of the Tractus Solitarius to investigate whether there is an anatomical relationship with the IGL. Lesion studies showed the IGL, and not the ARC, as origin of most NPY projections to the SCN. Fasting induced important changes in the NPY expression in the IGL, coinciding with similar changes of NPY/glutamate decarboxylase projections of the IGL to the SCN. These changes revealed that the IGL is involved in the transmission of metabolic information to the SCN. In fasted animals IGL lesion resulted in a significant increase of c-Fos in the SCN as compared to intact fasted animals demonstrating the inhibitory influence of the IGL to the SCN in fasting conditions. When the animal after fasting was refed, an increase of c-Fos in the SCN indicated a removal of this inhibitory input. Together these observations show that in addition to increased inhibitory IGL input during fasting, the negative metabolic condition also results in increased excitatory input to the SCN via other pathways. Consequently the present observations show that at least part of the non-photic input to the SCN, arising from the IGL contains information about metabolic conditions.