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OBJECTIVE: Child sexual violence is a multidimensional problem of many contemporary societies, affecting people of all sexes, social stratum and age groups. Offenses involving children and adolescents are more serious, given their total or partial dependence on parents and caregivers. Information on child sexual violence in Brazil is found in raw form and without detail. The objective was to compare the information with social and economic data in the state of Paraná. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) on cases of sexual violence involving victims aged 0 to 19 years. Results are presented according to notification characteristics. The authors applied exploratory spatial data analysis to assess spatial autocorrelations and investigated relationships by the ordinary least squares regression model. RESULTS: Between 2017 and 2021, there were 13,403 reports of child sexual violence in Paraná State, Brazil. Most victims (82.8%) were female and aged between 10 and 14 years. The majority of sexual violence cases (67.8%) occurred in the home environment. The highest rates on a population basis were observed in the North Central and Greater Curitiba regions, mainly in cities with higher population density and with higher rates of other types of violence. CONCLUSION: The results provide data that can promote a broader understanding of the distribution of sexual violence and the state and associated variations. It is expected to improve the provision of care for victims of child sexual violence and assist in strategic planning to prevent future offenses.
Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Análise Espacial , Humanos , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Abuso Sexual na Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Recém-Nascido , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To perform a scoping review of the applicability of the Gail model in different countries for different ethnicities. METHODS: The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and search strategies based on the PICOS approach. The reviewed articles were included if they were published between 2013 and 2018 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; were original articles available in full online; and described the use of the Gail model. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science data bases were searched. RESULTS: A total of 38 articles eligible for analysis were identified, of which 16 used the Gail model to assess breast cancer risk in women, eight analyzed the applicability of this tool in their population, seven compared the tool and/or modified it according to the specific risk factors of their population, and seven cited the model in determining eligibility for chemoprevention. CONCLUSION: The Gail model has different applicabilities Greater effectiveness and breast cancer risk are found in developed countries.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Lista de Checagem , Etnicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objetivo: Analisar as alterações na sexualidade das mulheres submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica, por meio de revisão integrativa da literatura. Método: A busca ocorreu nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Enfermagem, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Portal de Periódicos Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Resultados: Foram identificados 158 publicações, sendo incluídos estudos originais, quantitativos e qualitativos, publicados em inglês e português, com as palavras-chave sexualidade feminina e cirurgia bariátrica, restando 7 artigos, os quais foram analisados segundo a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty. Foram identificadas 4 categorias temáticas: Alterações positivas, negativas, questões médicas e fatores psicossociais. Conclusão: A essência do fenômeno se mostrou multifatorial de modo que a representação do corpo físico em alguns casos gerou melhora psicossocial, conjugal, cultural, e na sexualidade, porém não na sua plenitude de prazer e satisfação e em outros repercutiu em alterações negativas
Objective: The study's main goal has been to analyze changes in the sexuality of women who underwent bariatric surgery. In order to do so, an integrative literature review was undertaken. Methods: The search took place on the following databases: the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) [Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences], the Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) (Nursing Database) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); moreover, the Periodicals Portal from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) [Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel]. Results: A total of 158 publications were identified, including original, quantitative and qualitative studies, published in English and Portuguese. By using the keywords female sexuality and bariatric surgery, 7 articles remained, which were analyzed according to the MerleauPonty's phenomenology of perception. Four thematic categories were identified, as follows: positive, negative, medical, and psychosocial factors. Conclusion: The essence of the phenomenon was considered multifactorial. In some cases, the physical body's representation led to psychosocial, marital, cultural, and sexual improvement, yet, not in its fullness of pleasure and satisfaction. On the other hand, others have experienced negative repercussions
Objetivo: Analizar los cambios en la sexualidad de las mujeres sometidas a cirugía bariátrica, a través de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Método: La búsqueda se realizó sobre la base del Sistema de Análisis y Recuperación de Literatura Médica en línea, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Enfermería, Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en línea y Portal de Periódicas Coordinación de Mejora de Personal de Nivel Superior. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 158 publicaciones, incluyendo estudios originales, cuantitativos y cualitativos, publicados en inglés y portugués, con las palabras clave sexualidad femenina y cirugía bariátrica, restantes 7 artículos, que fueron analizados según la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty. Se identificaron cuatro categorías temáticas: factores positivos, negativos, médicos y psicosociales. Conclusión: La esencia del fenómeno fue multifactorial por lo que la representación del cuerpo físico en algunos casos generó una mejora psicosocial, marital, cultural y sexual, pero no en su plenitud de placer y satisfacción, y en otros tuvo repercusiones negativas
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Filosofia em Enfermagem , Saúde da Mulher , Sexualidade/psicologia , Cirurgia Bariátrica/psicologia , Insatisfação Corporal/psicologia , Percepção , Satisfação Pessoal , Redução de PesoRESUMO
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and the obesity is one of the factors related to the risk of breast cancer mainly in postmenopausal women. This study investigated the association between obesity in pre- and postmenopausal women with the development of breast cancer and the expression of estrogen, progesterone, HeR-2 and triple-negative (TN) receptors. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 100 patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer and 400 age-matched controls. The women were divided into pre- and post-menopausal groups. Results: The multivariate analysis showed that postmenopausal women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at pre-diagnosis and at the most recent measurement were 1.50 (95% CI 1.06-2.13) and 1.56 (95% CI 1.11-2.21) times more likely to develop breast cancer, respectively. These women had a prevalence of obesity of 27.7% when considering pre-diagnosis BMI and 29.4% when analyzing the indicator of recent BMI. When only the cases regarding the presence of obesity with clinicopathological variables were analyzed, a total of 95.2% of the postmenopausal women with pre-diagnostic obesity according to BMI presented the positive estrogen receptor (ER) subtype. Conclusions: In Brazilian women, there is an association between obesity and the risk of breast cancer postmenopause; moreover, there is an association between the occurrence of the positive ER subtype in postmenopausal women and pre-diagnostic obesity according to BMI.
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Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Pós-Menopausa/fisiologia , Pré-Menopausa/fisiologia , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/metabolismo , Pós-Menopausa/metabolismo , Pré-Menopausa/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Background: Cancer is a major public health problem. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for reducing mortality. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with delay in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment among women attending a reference cancer service. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed with data collected from medical records and interviews conducted with women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated from October 2013 to October 2014 at a cancer reference hospital in Paraná, Southern Brazil. Results: A total of 82 participants were enrolled during the study period; their average age was 58.2 ± 11.5 years. The average time taken for final diagnosis of breast cancer was 102.5 ± 165.5 days. Treatment onset was delayed in the majority of cases, and the average time elapsing from diagnostic biopsy to onset of primary treatment was 72.3 ± 54.0 days. The odds of treatment delay were higher among the women with a low educational level. Conclusions: The results underline the need for proposals aimed at early detection, identification of risk factors and timely provision of treatment by health managers that focus on this group.
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OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with intra-hospital neonatal mortality based on the individual characteristics of at-risk pregnant mothers, delivery and newborns. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of live newborns delivered by women attended at the high-risk outpatient unit of a philanthropic hospital in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil between September 2012 and September 2013. RESULTS: Six hundred and eighty-eight women participated in the study. The neonatal mortality coefficient found was 17.7/1,000 live births, most in the early neonatal phase. Premature labor, fetal malformation and multiple gestations were associated with neonatal death. Premature, very low birth weight newborns and those with an Apgar score of less than seven, five minutes after birth were at high risk of death. CONCLUSION: Identifying risk factors can help plan actions to consolidate the perinatal network. Specific programs should be incentivized in other countries, in the search for significant perinatal results such as reducing neonatal mortality. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal intra-hospitalar com base nas características individuais de gestantes de risco, do parto e do recém-nascido. MÉTODO: Estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, realizado com crianças nascidas vivas de partos hospitalares de mulheres acompanhadas pelo ambulatório de alto risco de um hospital filantrópico de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, no período de setembro de 2012 a setembro de 2013.RESULTADOS Fizeram parte da pesquisa 688 mulheres. O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal foi de 17,7 óbitos/1.000 nascidos vivos, sendo sua maioria no período neonatal precoce. Trabalho de parto prematuro, malformação fetal e gestação múltipla foram as intercorrências associadas ao óbito neonatal. Recém-nascidos prematuros, com muito baixo peso ao nascer e Índice de Apgar menor que sete no quinto minuto de vida apresentaram risco elevado de morte. CONCLUSÃO: A identificação de fatores de risco pode auxiliar no planejamento de ações para consolidação da rede perinatal. Programas específicos devem ser incentivados em outros países, na busca de resultados perinatais expressivos, como a redução da mortalidade neonatal.
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Mortalidade Hospitalar , Mortalidade Infantil , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among pre- and postmenopausal women, as well as the association between menopausal status and MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at a reference cardiology outpatient clinic in a city located in Northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. A total of 958 medical records of symptomatic climacteric women evaluated between 2010 and 2014 were analyzed. The study consisted of two groups: pre- and post-menopausal women. MS was characterized according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III - NCEP-ATP III-2005. RESULTS: MS was observed in 18.5% of the total study population; 9.4% of the premenopausal women and 22.2% of the postmenopausal women displayed MS, corresponding to a relative risk of 2.75. In addition, the frequency of MS increased with age. Regarding the components of MS, postmenopausal women were more likely to have high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels < 50 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure (SBP) values ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values ≥ 85 mmHg; and fasting glucose levels ≥ 100 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: MS was more prevalent among postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women.
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Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Pós-Menopausa , Pré-Menopausa , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the factors associated with intra-hospital neonatal mortality based on the individual characteristics of at-risk pregnant mothers, delivery and newborns. METHOD This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of live newborns delivered by women attended at the high-risk outpatient unit of a philanthropic hospital in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil between September 2012 and September 2013. RESULTS Six hundred and eighty-eight women participated in the study. The neonatal mortality coefficient found was 17.7/1,000 live births, most in the early neonatal phase. Premature labor, fetal malformation and multiple gestations were associated with neonatal death. Premature, very low birth weight newborns and those with an Apgar score of less than seven, five minutes after birth were at high risk of death. CONCLUSION Identifying risk factors can help plan actions to consolidate the perinatal network. Specific programs should be incentivized in other countries, in the search for significant perinatal results such as reducing neonatal mortality.
Resumen OBJETIVO Identificar los factores asociados con la mortalidad neonatal intrahospitalaria con base en las características individuales de gestantes de riesgo, del parto y del recién nacido. MÉTODO Estudio epidemiológico del tipo transversal, realizado con niños nacidos vivos de partos hospitalarios de mujeres seguidas en el ambulatorio de alto riesgo de un hospital filantrópico de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, en el período de septiembre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013. RESULTADOS Hicieron parte de la investigación 688 mujeres. El coeficiente de mortalidad neonatal fue de 7,7 defunciones/1.000 nacidos vivos, siendo su mayoría en el período neonatal precoz. Trabajo de parto prematuro, malformación fetal y gestación múltiple fueron los sucesos asociados con la defunción neonatal. Recién nacidos prematuros, con muy bajo peso al nacer e Índice de Apgar menor que siete el quinto minuto de vida presentaron riesgo elevado de muerte. CONCLUSIÓN La identificación de factores de riesgo puede auxiliar la planificación de acciones para consolidación de la red perinatal. Se deben incentivar programas específicos en otros países, en la búsqueda por resultados perinatales considerables, como la reducción de la mortalidad neonatal.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar os fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal intra-hospitalar com base nas características individuais de gestantes de risco, do parto e do recém-nascido. MÉTODO Estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, realizado com crianças nascidas vivas de partos hospitalares de mulheres acompanhadas pelo ambulatório de alto risco de um hospital filantrópico de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, no período de setembro de 2012 a setembro de 2013. RESULTADOS Fizeram parte da pesquisa 688 mulheres. O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal foi de 17,7 óbitos/1.000 nascidos vivos, sendo sua maioria no período neonatal precoce. Trabalho de parto prematuro, malformação fetal e gestação múltipla foram as intercorrências associadas ao óbito neonatal. Recém-nascidos prematuros, com muito baixo peso ao nascer e Índice de Apgar menor que sete no quinto minuto de vida apresentaram risco elevado de morte. CONCLUSÃO A identificação de fatores de risco pode auxiliar no planejamento de ações para consolidação da rede perinatal. Programas específicos devem ser incentivados em outros países, na busca de resultados perinatais expressivos, como a redução da mortalidade neonatal.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Fatores Epidemiológicos , Mortalidade Infantil , Fatores de Risco , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Enfermagem Materno-Infantil , Enfermagem NeonatalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with performance of annual mammography by women above 40 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at an oncology reference service in Southern Brazil from October 2013 to October 2014 with 525 women aged 40 years or older. RESULTS: The prevalence of annual mammography was 54.1%; annual mammographic screening was performed for women without private medical insurance, who were under hormone replacement therapy and who had used contraception in the past. An association was found between non-performance of breast clinical and self-examination and non-performance of mammographic screening. CONCLUSIONS: Use of mammography for breast cancer screening in the public health care setting proved to be accessible; nevertheless, the proportion of screened women was low, and they exhibited poor adherence to the basic measures of care recommended for breast assessment. Thus, control of breast cancer requires implementing actions targeting the population most vulnerable to non-adherence to screening in addition to continuously monitoring and assessing that population to reduce the prevalence of this disease.
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Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Lobular/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Mamografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Lobular/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos Retrospectivos , AutoexameRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed toanalyze the risk behavior for cervical cancer (CC) and the human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and resolution among women who received care through the private healthcare network of a municipality in southern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted with 25 women aged 20 to 59 years who received care through the private healthcare network and were treated at a specialty clinic in the period from January to December 2012 in a municipality in Northwest Parana, Southern Brazil. Data from medical records with cytological and HPV results were used. Following treatment, these women were followed-up and reassessed after 6 months. Data were statistically analyzed using the t-test and chi-squared test at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The mean age of the studied women was 27.8±7.75 years old, and the majority were married, with paid employment and were non-smokers. The mean age at menarche was 13.0±0.50 years old, and the mean age at first intercourse was 17.5±1.78 years, with only 8.0% (2) initiating sexual activity at an age ≤15 years old. The majority had 1 to 2 children (60.0%), while 88.0% reported having had one sexual partner in their lifetime, and all the women were sexually active. A total of 68.0% used a hormonal contraceptive method. All the women had leukorrhea and pain and were infected by a single HPV type. Regarding the lesion grade, 80.0% showed high risk and 20.0% low risk. The most prevalent high-risk HPV strain was 16. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide relevant information on HPV risk factors and infection, as well as the treatment and 6-month follow-up results, in economically and socially advantaged women with no traditional risk factors, corroborating previous reports that different risk factors may be described in different populations. Thus, this study reinforces the fact that even women without the traditional risk factors should undergo HPVmonitoring and assessment to determine the persistence of infection, promoting early diagnosis of the lesions presented and appropriate treatment to thus prevent the occurrence of CC.