RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In locations with poor public dermatology services, teledermatology emerges as a viable way to fill this need. Thus, the aim was to estimate how much could be saved with the use of teledermatology in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2015 to 2018. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study of the analytical type with a cross-sectional design and collection of secondary data in electronic media. METHODS: A total of 95,828 teledermatology test protocols from the period were evaluated. The amount that would be necessary to refer all the patients of the several regions of the state for evaluation by General Dermatology (secondary network) was estimated, as it occurred before the deployment of teledermatology, considering the cost of displacement, consultation with a specialist, cost aid and opportunity cost of patients and companions. This amount was compared with the amount effectively spent on the screening deployment via teledermatology. RESULTS: There was a minimum savings of $1,170,550.82 during the period, with an average cost savings of $21.94 per protocol not forwarded to the secondary network. The greater the distance and time spent to evaluate the patient by a specialist, the greater the savings. CONCLUSIONS: Teledermatology provides savings in public resources, reduces the number of patient referrals, and improves the dermatological assistance provided to the population of Santa Catarina. This is a relevant and efficient health technology.
Assuntos
Dermatologia , Telemedicina , Brasil , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
Pseudomonas syringae is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes lesions in leaves during the colonisation process. The damage is associated with production of many virulence factors, such as biofilm and phytotoxins. The essential oils of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) have been demonstrated to inhibit P. syringae. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of T. vulgaris and O. vulgare essential oils on production of virulence factors of phytopathogenic P. syringae strains, including anti-biofilm and anti-toxins activities. The broth microdilution method was used for determination of MIC and biofilm inhibition assays. Coronatine, syringomycin and tabtoxin were pheno- and genotypically evaluated. Both oils showed good inhibitory activity against P. syringae, with MIC values from 1.43 to 11.5 mg·ml-1 for thyme and 5.8 to 11.6 mg·ml-1 for oregano. Biofilm formation, production of coronatine, syringomycin and tabtoxin were inhibited by thyme and oregano essential oil in most strains. The results presented here are promising, demonstrating the bactericidal activity and reduction of virulence factor production after treatment with thyme and oregano oil, providing insight into how they exert their antibacterial activity. These natural products could be considered in the future for the control of diseases caused by P. syringae.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Origanum/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pseudomonas syringae/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas syringae/metabolismo , Thymus (Planta)/química , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Dipeptídeos/metabolismo , Indenos/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) on phytopathogenic Pseudomonas species isolated from soybean. Strains with characteristics of P. syringae were isolated from leaves of soybean plants with blight symptoms. Ten of these could be identified in Group Ia of LOPAT as P. syringae. Six of these were confirmed as P. syringae using 16S rRNA, indicating the presence of these phytopathogenic bacteria in east and central Argentina. All the phytopathogenic bacteria were re-isolated and identified from the infected plants. MIC values for thyme were 11.5 and 5.7 mg·ml(-1) on P. syringae strains, while oregano showed variability in the inhibitory activity. Both essential oils inhibited all P. syringae strains, with better inhibitory activity than the antibiotic streptomycin. The oils were not bactericidal for all pseudomonads. Both oils contained high carvacrol (29.5% and 19.7%, respectively) and low thymol (1.5%). Natural products obtained from aromatic plants represent potential sources of molecules with biological activity that could be used as new alternatives for the treatment of phytopathogenic bacteria infections.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Glycine max/microbiologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Origanum/química , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas syringae/efeitos dos fármacos , Thymus (Planta)/química , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Argentina , Sequência de Bases , Cimenos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Monoterpenos/análise , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Pseudomonas syringae/genética , Pseudomonas syringae/isolamento & purificação , RNA Bacteriano/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Timol/análise , Timol/farmacologiaRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the antifungal activity and to analyse the structure-activity relationship of eleven natural phenolic compounds against four Candida species which are resistant to fluconazole. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four different species of Candida isolates were used: Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis. The phenolic compound carvacrol showed the highest anti-Candida bioactivity, followed by thymol and isoeugenol. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained were used in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis where the electronic, steric, thermodynamic and topological descriptors served as dependent variables. According to the descriptors obtained in this QSAR study, the antifungal activity of phenols has a first action specific character which is based on their interaction with plasma or mitochondrial membranes. The second action is based on a steric descriptor-the maximal and minimal projection of the area-which could explain the inability of some phenolic compounds to be biotransformed to quinones methylene by Candida species. CONCLUSIONS: According to the descriptors obtained in this QSAR study, the anti-Candida activity of ortho-substituted phenols is due to more than one action mechanism. The anti-Candida activity of phenolic compounds can be predicted by their molecular properties and structural characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results could be employed to predict the anti-Candida activity of new phenolic compounds in the search for new alternatives or complementary therapies to combat against candidiasis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Cimenos , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Eugenol/análogos & derivados , Eugenol/farmacologia , Humanos , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Fenóis/química , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Timol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Achyrocline satureioides (LAM.) DC (Compositae) is a sub-bush original from America and distributed in Europe and Africa. It is mainly used in infusions, as digestive, sedative among others and has antimicrobial and antiviral properties. A research was made into the anti-microbial activity of the A. satureioides decoction on the Staphylococcus spp strains. They were isolated from 18 patients with acne lesions and from 7 patients infected with Staphylococcus spp. (5 strains were taken from catheters and 2 from wounds). The strains were classified through biochemical tests and then were seeded in triptein-soy agar with or without decoction to observe the antibacterial activity. On the other hand, cultures of lymphocytes were made from those patients who displayed infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. and from 12 control non-infected individuals. The lymphocytes were stimulated with decoction or PHA-M. Among the expanded, CD8+ T cells, with anti-human CD8 monoclonal antibody were the outstanding ones by indirect IF. The A. satureiodes decoction inhibited 95% of the isolated Staphylococcus spp. strains and stimulated the lymphocyte expansion, of which 40% were CD8+ T cells. The A. satureiodes decoction showed anti-microbial activity and resulted to be an immunostimulating agent on CD8+ T cells, with lesser mitogenic effects than PHA-M.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Asteraceae/química , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Acne Vulgar/microbiologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cateterismo , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Fito-Hemaglutininas/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb.) Epling is a South American traditional medicinal herb used as digestive, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory and bronchial dilator agent among other uses. Its anti-microbial activity against staphylococcal strains and its anti-viral properties against HVS-1 and strain RC/79 of PrV have been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunomodulating ability of M. verticillata decoction and essential oil. As a complementary study, the main constituents of the essential oil were identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lymphocyte-proliferating activity of both vegetal derivatives was tested and compared with cellular expansion induced by PHA, Pokeweed, CGB in cytomorphological study. A non-stimulate culture was used as control reference. The score of lymphocyte clusters and colonies was performed using the method described by Lange. Among proliferated cells, LT CD8+ subpopulation was characterized by direct immunofluorescence. The in vitro degranulant ability of the vegetal fractions was tested on basophils from allergic and non-allergic individuals sensitized to environmental fungi. Essential oil components of M. verticillata were identified by gas chromatography technique. RESULTS: M. verticillata derivatives reached higher proliferation levels compared to non-stimulated cultures, showed mitogenic activity and induced cluster and colony formation similar to PHA, Pokeweed and CGB. Cells that proliferated after stimulation with derivatives showed 40% of LT CD8+. Tested concentrations of decoction and essential oil did not reach minimum degranulation indexes over basophils, from both allergic and non-allergic individuals. Gas chromatography analysis revealed the presence of pulegone and menthone as the main constituents. CONCLUSIONS: M. verticillata derivatives were mitogenic over LT, inducing significant cluster and colony formation. There was no evidence of degranulating ability over basophils at the concentrations tested. We assume that the derivatives from M. verticillata would induce Th1 deviation in cellular cultures from allergic patients, which would diminish hypersensitivity reactions. Some of the compounds of the essential oil revealed by gas chromatography analysis may be responsible of the biological activity of these products.
Assuntos
Basófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Lamiaceae/química , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Teste de Degranulação de Basófilos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromatografia Gasosa , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/isolamento & purificação , Lactente , Lectinas/farmacologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Caules de Planta/química , América do Sul , ÁguaRESUMO
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56%) and menthone (39.51%) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Monoterpenos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Simplexvirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1/fisiologia , Mentol/análogos & derivados , Mentol/isolamento & purificação , Mentol/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos de Plantas/química , Proteus mirabilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Simplexvirus/fisiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Terpenos/farmacologia , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56) and menthone (39.51) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antivirais , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1 , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Simplexvirus , Bacillus cereus , Cromatografia Gasosa , Escherichia coli , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1 , Mentol , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos de Plantas/química , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Simplexvirus , Staphylococcus aureus , Terpenos , Ensaio de Placa ViralRESUMO
The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56) and menthone (39.51) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.(AU)