RESUMO
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide health problem and patients in intensive care are more vulnerable, requiring strict control measures and early identification. Currently, clinical culture materials are used to identify the bacterial agent, but saliva culture is not validated, which has great clinical relevance because it participates in several pathophysiological processes. The aim of this study was to validate saliva culture in an intensive care unit environment, determining its diagnostic value for infection. For this purpose, the results of the 39-month surveillance cultures, from the database of a private hospital were evaluated. A total of 323 cultures were paired between saliva, tracheal secretions, blood and urine from patients who were hospitalized for more than 5 days. The search for correlations between the results was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Severity and evolution data were also correlated. It was possible to correlate the presence of Klebsiella spp. between blood culture and saliva culture in 25% of the results (r = 0.01) and the correlation between saliva and tracheal secretion was 33% (r = 0.33447) with p < 0.0001. In conclusion, saliva can be an excellent discriminator of systemic infections, and can be considered a useful culture in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Saliva , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Klebsiella , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
Chronic alcohol exposure can affect the osteoblastic activity and the proliferation and differentiation of cells due to its toxic effect, which can affect negatively bone repair and bone microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic use of 20% alcohol on rats regarding osteoblastic differentiation, extrinsic and intrinsic properties of the tibia, and hepatic and renal morphology. Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 9) in accordance with a 24-week diet. After euthanasia, kidneys, liver, and tibias were removed for analysis and femurs mesenchymal cells were collected. The results showed that chronic use of 20% alcohol influenced neither the alkaline phosphatase production nor total protein (p > 0.05) in rats, with similar formation of nodules in all groups (p > 0.05). However, significant changes in the liver and kidneys and adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the tibia were observed. According to the results, it can be concluded that the chronic use of alcohol for 24 weeks had no negative influence on the activity and differentiation of osteoblasts, but the mechanical properties of the tibia were impaired and the organs responsible for metabolism and excretion were also affected due to the consumption of alcohol.
Assuntos
Álcoois/farmacologia , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Fêmur/efeitos dos fármacos , Fêmur/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/citologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Tíbia/efeitos dos fármacos , Tíbia/metabolismoRESUMO
Several researches have been developed to search for new antimicrobial agents from plants, to be used in pharmaceutical products. The aim of this study was to evaluating in vitro antimicrobial properties of extracts glicolics (75%) of Psidium guajava L. (guava), Syzygium cumini L. (jambolan) and Pimpinella anisum L. (herbsweet) on standard strains of Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Bacillus atrophaeus (spores). During the experiment, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method, following by subcultivation in agar in order to determine the minimal microbicide concentration (MMC). The extracts showed the following CIM and MMC, respectively: Psidium guajava L 25% and 50% for C. albicans, E. faecalis and E. coli, 12.5% and 25% for S. mutans, and 3.12% and6.25% for S. aureus; Syzygium cumini L. 25% and 50% for C. albicans, 12.5% and 25% for E. faecalis and S. aureus, and 6.25% and 12.5% for E. coli and S. mutans; Pimpinella anisum L -12.5% and 25% for C. albicans and S. mutans,6.25% and 12.5% for E. faecalis and S. aureus, and 3.12% and 6.25% for E. coli. It could be concluded that, despite the resistance by B. atrophaeus, the extracts used showed antimicrobial potential on the other microorganisms.
Várias pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas e direcionadas no descobrimento de novos agentes antimicrobianos provenientes de plantas, para serem aplicados em produtos farmacêuticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a propriedade antimicrobiana de extratos glicólicos (75%) de Psidium guajava L. (goiabeira), Syzygium cuminiL. (jambolão) e Pimpinella anisum L. (erva-doce) sobre cepas padrão de Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli e Bacillus atrophaeus (esporos). Foi determinada a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) pelo método de microdiluição em caldo, seguindo-se de subcultivos emagar para determinar a concentração microbicida mínima (CMM). Os extratos apresentaram as seguintes CIM e CMM, respectivamente: goiabeira 25% e 50% para C. albicans, E. faecalis e E. coli; 12,5% e 25% para S. mutans, e,3,12% e 6,25% para S. aureus; jambolão 25% e 50% para C. albicans, 12,5% e 25% para E. faecalis e S. aureus, e,6,25% e 12,5% para E. coli e S. mutans; erva-doce 12,5% e 25% para C. albicans e S. mutans, 6,25% e 12,5% para E. faecalis e S. aureus, e 3,12% e 6,25% para E. coli. Conclui-se que, apesar da resistência apresentada por B. atrophaeus, os extratos utilizados demonstraram potencial antimicrobiano sobre os demais micro-organismos.