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INTRODUCTION: Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease of significant impact, particularly in countries where a pastoral economy is predominant. Despite its importance, few studies have analysed the disease's behaviour in Colombia, and none have developed maps using geographic information systems (GIS) to characterise it; as such, we developed this study to describe the temporal-spatial distribution of bovine tuberculosis in Colombia over a period of 19 years. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, based on reports by the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), surveillance of tuberculosis on cattle farms in Colombia from 2001 to 2019 was carried out. The data were converted into databases using Microsoft Access 365®, and multiple epidemiological maps were generated with the QGIS® version 3.36 software coupled to shape files of all the country's departments. RESULTS: During the study period, 5273 bovine tuberculosis cases were identified in multiple different departments of Colombia (with a mean of 278 cases/year). Regarding its temporal distribution, the number of cases varied from a maximum of 903 cases (17.12% of the total) in 2015 to a minimum of 0 between 2001 and 2004 and between 2017 and 2019 (between 2005 and 2016, the minimum was 46 cases, 0.87%). CONCLUSIONS: GIS are essential for understanding the temporospatial behaviour of zoonotic diseases in Colombia, as is the case for bovine tuberculosis, with its potential implications for the Human and One Health approaches.
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In several montane forests around the world, epiphytes coexist in mats, sharing the rhizosphere and forming histosol-type soils rich in nutrients. The role of these epiphytes in the formation of canopy soil and the fitness costs that epiphytes face when cohabiting in these mats are unknown. In a lower montane cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico, a 2-year factorial experiment was carried out with the presence/absence of ramets of Phlebodium areolatum (Polypodiaceae), Tillandsia kirchhoffiana, T. multicaulis and T. punctulata (Bromeliaceae). We examined (i) which epiphyte species contribute to the formation of canopy soil, (ii) the role of epiphyte composition in the soil nutrient composition, and (iii) the fitness costs faced by epiphytes when cohabiting. Canopy soil formation highest when P. areolatum is present. Soil nutrient content does not change with epiphyte composition, is influenced by the microbiota, and P content decreases with the presence of epiphytes. The fitness costs show that the species compete, decreasing their survival and growth, but the competitive capacity differs between the species. We conclude that P. areolatum is an ecosystem engineer that promotes the creation of canopy soil but is a poor competitor. The results coincide with the model of succession by facilitation. Canopy soil is a slow-created component whose nutrient content does not depend on the epiphytic flora. In epiphyte mats, the dominant interactions are competitive, but there is also facilitation.
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Ecossistema , Solo , Árvores , México , FlorestasRESUMO
Introduction: Rabies is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae, which can infect any mammal including humans. Hematophagous, fructivorous, and insectivorous bats have become the main reservoir of sylvatic rabies in Latin America. In the sylvatic cycle, hematophagous bats are usually the main reservoir. In contrast, dogs and cats fulfil this critical role in the urban cycle. However, in rural areas, the most affected animals are bovines. They show clinical signs such as behavioural changes, hypersalivation, muscle tremors, spasms caused by extensive damage to the central nervous system, and death from respiratory paralysis. Objective: To describe the spatiotemporal distribution of bovine rabies in Colombia from 2005 to 2019. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study, based on the monthly reports of the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) on the surveillance of bovine rabies in Colombia from 2005 to 2019, retrieved from its official website. The data were converted to databases in Microsoft Access 365®. Multiple epidemiological maps were developed with the GIS software Kosmo RC1® 3.0 coupled to the shape files (.shp) of all the country's municipalities. Results: During the study period, 4888 cases of rabies were confirmed in cattle, ranging from a peak of 542 cases (11.1%) in 2014 to 43 in 2019 (0.88%). From 2014 to 2019, there has been a significant reduction in the annual national number of cases (r2 = 0.9509, p < 0.05). In 2019, 32.6% of the cases occurred in January, and 48.8% occurred in the department of Sucre. In 2009, the maximum number of spatial clusters (13) occurred in the Orinoquia region, where other clusters were also identified in 2005, 2006 and 2008. In 2018, 98 outbreaks were identified that led to the death of cattle and other animals, 28.6% of them in the department of Sucre. In the first half of 2019, of 38 outbreaks, 55.2% were identified in Sucre. Conclusions: It is necessary to review the current national program for the prevention and control of rabies in cattle, incorporating concepts from the ecology of bats, as well as the prediction of contagion waves of geographical and temporal spread in the context of the OneHealth Approach. Sylvatic rabies remains a threat in Colombia that requires further study.
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Resumen El síndrome de mal de desembarque es un cuadro clínico de mareo y oscilaciones corporales persistente, descrito siglos atrás cuando los marineros llegaban a tierra después de navegar. Actualmente, se sabe que este cuadro clínico ocurre también al bajarse de cualquier medio de transporte, ya sea marítimo, aéreo o terrestre. Cuando el cuadro clínico tiene una duración de tres o más días, se denomina mal de desembarque persistente, y se asocia a cefalea y mayores niveles de ansiedad y síntomas depresivos. A continuación, presentamos el cuadro clínico de un paciente que consultó por mareo persistente posterior a un paseo en bote en el mar. Se discute diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico.
Abstract Mal de Debarquement is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent self-motion dizziness and increased oscillatory body sway, that was described centuries ago after sailors landed in port. Nowadays, it is known that mal de debarquement could appear after any travel in a motion vehicle, including airplanes, ships and cars. When the duration of the symptoms lasts longer than three days, a persistent mal de debarquement is diagnosed, and it is associated with headache and higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Here, we present a clinical case of a persistent mal de debarquement that attended to the Otolaryngology clinics at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile after a boat trip in the sea. We discuss diagnosis and clinical management.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Vertigem/etiologia , Vertigem/terapia , Enjoo devido ao Movimento/etiologia , Enjoo devido ao Movimento/terapia , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/terapia , SíndromeRESUMO
Tatton Brown Rahman Syndrome (TBRS) is a recently described overgrowth syndrome caused by variants in the DNMT3A gene. The description of its phenotype and the differences with its main differential diagnoses are still under development, with very few individuals of Latin American origin described to date. OBJECTIVE: To describe a Chilean case of TBRS in order to broaden the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of this new syndrome. CLINICAL CASE: 9-year-old boy diagno sed with TBRS through whole-exome sequencing (WES), which showed a variant in DNMT3A: c.2311C > T, p. (Arg771*) that has not been previously reported in the literature in individuals with the condition. He presented the main characteristics of this syndrome with overgrowth from the neonatal stage, mild intellectual disability associated with autism spectrum disorder, absen ce of major abnormalities in internal organs, and characteristic dysmorphism with coarse facies, horizontal eyebrows, and prominent upper central incisors. An EEG showed alterations due to frequent interictal epileptiform activity in the left temporal region, with no history of seizures, and normal brain MRI. In addition, he presented advanced bone age, a common finding in other over growth syndromes but not frequently reported in TBRS. A sister showed normal genetic study and the segregation study of the variant identified in the parents could not be performed. CONCLUSIONS: The report of this case broadens the genotypic spectrum of the syndrome and contributes to the characterization of the phenotypic manifestations including individuals of different ethnicities, emphasizing its most common characteristics and others that hinder its differential diagnosis from other overgrowth syndromes.
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Anormalidades Múltiplas , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Deficiência Intelectual , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Criança , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/genética , DNA Metiltransferase 3A , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , SíndromeRESUMO
COVID-19 pandemic is essentially a zoonotic disease. In this context, early in 2020, transmission from humans to certain animals began reporting; the number of studies has grown since. To estimate the pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals and to determine differences in prevalence between countries, years, animal types and diagnostic methods (RT-PCR or serological tests). A systematic literature review with meta-analysis using eight databases. Observational studies were included but analyzed separately. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for prevalence studies and case series. After the screening, 65 reports were selected for full-text assessment and included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. A total of 24 reports assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, combining a total of 321,785 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 12.3% (95% CI 11.6%-13.0%). Also, a total of 17 studies additionally assessed serological response against SARS-CoV-2, including nine by ELISA, four by PRTN, one by MIA, one by immunochromatography (rest, two studies, the method was not specified), combining a total of 5319 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 29.4% (95% CI 22.9%-35.9%). A considerable proportion of animals resulted infected by SARS-CoV-2, ranking minks among the highest value, followed by dogs and cats. Further studies in other animals are required to define the extent and importance of natural infection due to SARS-CoV-2. These findings have multiple implications for public human and animal health. One Health approach in this context is critical for prevention and control.
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Teste para COVID-19/veterinária , COVID-19/veterinária , SARS-CoV-2 , Zoonoses Virais/diagnóstico , Zoonoses Virais/epidemiologia , Animais , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Teste para COVID-19/métodos , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1 (ARCA-1) or spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive type 8 (SCAR8) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to mutations in the spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 1 (SYNE1) gene. Previously considered a rare cause of ARCA, related to French-Canadian patients from Beauce, Quebec, Canada, SYNE1 ataxia is now known to be of worldwide distribution. We present the case report of a 54-year-old male patient with the genetic diagnosis of SYNE1 ataxia, presenting with a SYNE1 gene mutation never described in Chilean population before.
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Ataxia Cerebelar , Canadá , Ataxia Cerebelar/diagnóstico por imagem , Ataxia Cerebelar/genética , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genéticaAssuntos
COVID-19 , Quirópteros , Vírus , Animais , Comunicação , Ecossistema , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Objetivo: Revisar las metodologías y los materiales utilizados en la enseñanza de técnicas quirúrgicas para personal de la salud, publicados durante los últimos siete años. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed sobre materiales y metodologías utilizados en educación quirúrgica determinando criterios de inclusión y exclusión para filtrar los diferentes artículos. Resultados: Se encontraron 1190 artículos, de los cuales se descartaron 826 por no cumplir con el rango de la revisión sistemática. Se utilizaron 59 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión para la revisión. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento para obtener habilidades en técnicas quirúrgicas a través de la simulación es una oportunidad para estudiantes y maestros de avanzar en el saber y el hacer; se deben acoplar los materiales con el espacio para obtener resultados esperados. La investigación continúa con el fin de encontrar mejores opciones para la adquisición de las destrezas y habilidades quirúrgicas.
Objective: To review the methodologies and materials used in the teaching of surgical techniques for health personnel, which have been published over the last seven years. Methodology: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed database on materials and methodologies used in surgical education, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to filter the different articles. Results: A total of1 190 articles were found, of which 826 were discarded for not meeting the range of the systematic review.59 articles that did meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for the review. Conclusions: Training to obtain skills in surgical techniques through simulation is an opportunity for students and teachers to advance in knowing and doing; materials must be matched with the circumstances to obtain expected results. New research must be carried out in order to find better options for the acquisition of surgical skills and abilities.
Objetivo: Revisar as metodologias e materiais utilizados no ensino de técnicas cirúrgicas para profissionais de saúde, publicados nos últimos sete anos. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed sobre materiais e metodologias utilizadas na educação cirúrgica, determinando critérios de inclusão e exclusão para filtrar os diferentes artigos. Resultados: foram encontrados 1190 artigos, dos quais 826 foram descartados por não atenderem à abrangência da revisão sistemática. 59 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram utilizados para a revisão. Conclusões: O treinamento para obtenção de habilidades em técnicas cirúrgicas por meio de simulação é uma oportunidade para alunos e professores avançarem no saber e no fazer; os materiais devem ser combinados com a lacuna para obter os resultados esperados. A pesquisa continua a fim de encontrar melhores opções para a aquisição de habilidades e habilidades cirúrgicas.