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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between crack/cocaine use and domestic violence perpetration from the perspective of substance users' families. A secondary retrospective cross-sectional study, with 3162 family members of crack/cocaine users seeking treatment in the Recomeço Família Programme in São Paulo/Brazil was undertaken. Family members of crack/cocaine users reported that their relatives were more involved in domestic violence such as stealing (money and objects) at home [Odds Ratio Adjusted ORA = 2.17 (CI 95% 1.87; 2.53)], the family gave money to the user to buy drugs [ORA = 1.27 (1.08; 1.48)], and having problems with the judiciary [ORA = 1.48 (CI 95% 1.28; 1.71)]. Relatives of snorted cocaine users reported that there was physical and interpersonal violence, such as fathers being assaulted [ORA = 2.50 (CI 95% 1.08; 5.82)], assaulted someone else [ORA = 1.86 (CI 95% 1.32; 2.60)], threats of violence fights, arguments when the family talk about problematic drug use [ORA = 1.50 (CI 95% 1.13; 1.96)] and threatened some family members [ORA = 1.52 (CI 95% 1.14; 2.04)]. In this sample, there was a connection between crack/cocaine use and the perpetuation of domestic violence, corroborating with important implications for public policies, substance use treatment and prevention of domestic violence interventions.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with depression among higher education students and professionals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. 550 students and professionals participated. The data were collected by means of a digital questionnaire that included Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The factors related to depression and social isolation outcomes were significantly associated with the female gender (n= 149; 37,8%; Odds Ratio OR=2,0), white (n=127; 37,2%; OR=1,60), young people (n=130; 39,4%; OR=2,0), without religion (n=70; 40,2%; OR=1,64), with financial problems (n=80; 53,0%; OR=2,40) and family problems (n=98; 47,3%; OR=1,77); who suffered violence during the quarantine (n=28; 58,3%; OR=2,33), increased the use of illicit drugs (n=16; 59,3%; OR=2,69), used sedatives without a medical prescription (n=75; 54,0%; OR=2,94), lived in conflicting relationships (n=33; 54,1%;OR=2,14), lost their job during the pandemic (n=32; 59,3%; OR=1,99) and presented symptoms of anxiety related to COVID-19 (n=155; 45,2%; OR=3,91). CONCLUSION: there is a meaningful relationship between vulnerability and adopting risk behaviors during the pandemic-imposed social isolation with depressive symptoms. We suggest that health professionals be attentive to the need to adjust their psychosocial interventions when promoting strategies when promoting strategies to mitigate the effects and risks to mental health.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported rape and its associations with other forms of violence and mental health outcomes. The Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey is a probabilistic household survey that collected data from 4,283 Brazilians aged 14 years and older in 2012. The prevalence of rape was 2.3% (n = 107) and the majority (n = 81) of rapes were reported by women. Female gender increased the chances of rape (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.7, 4.3]). Adults aged 35 to 46 years (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = [1.2, 4.4]) and being without religion (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = [1.3, 3.8]) were also associated with increased chances of rape. Participants with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were 16.5 times (95% CI = [10.1, 26.7]) more likely to report having been raped. Other outcomes related to been raped were history of child prostitution (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI = [2.1, 13.4]) and witnesses of violence during childhood (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.5, 3.8]). People without social support (AOR≅3, 95% CI = [1.8, 4.3]), victims of multiple recent negative events (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI = [2.4, 5.8]), people with depression (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = [1.7, 3.9]), history of suicidal ideation (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI = [2.0, 7.1]), and history of suicide attempts (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = [1.1, 4.3]) are other outcomes related to having been raped. In this sample, rape was related to gender and to other forms of violence and victimization. Self-reports of rape appear to underestimate the true prevalence as the figures obtained from the survey were low. Other methods should be used to investigate this issue.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess factors associated with depression among higher education students and professionals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. 550 students and professionals participated. The data were collected by means of a digital questionnaire that included Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depressive symptoms. Results: The factors related to depression and social isolation outcomes were significantly associated with the female gender (n= 149; 37,8%; Odds Ratio OR=2,0), white (n=127; 37,2%; OR=1,60), young people (n=130; 39,4%; OR=2,0), without religion (n=70; 40,2%; OR=1,64), with financial problems (n=80; 53,0%; OR=2,40) and family problems (n=98; 47,3%; OR=1,77); who suffered violence during the quarantine (n=28; 58,3%; OR=2,33), increased the use of illicit drugs (n=16; 59,3%; OR=2,69), used sedatives without a medical prescription (n=75; 54,0%; OR=2,94), lived in conflicting relationships (n=33; 54,1%;OR=2,14), lost their job during the pandemic (n=32; 59,3%; OR=1,99) and presented symptoms of anxiety related to COVID-19 (n=155; 45,2%; OR=3,91). Conclusion: there is a meaningful relationship between vulnerability and adopting risk behaviors during the pandemic-imposed social isolation with depressive symptoms. We suggest that health professionals be attentive to the need to adjust their psychosocial interventions when promoting strategies when promoting strategies to mitigate the effects and risks to mental health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los factores asociados a la depresión entre estudiantes y profesionales de nivel superior durante el pico de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio cuantitativo con delineamiento transversal. Participaron 550 estudiantes y profesionales. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de un cuestionario digital, que incluía el Patient Health Questionnaire-9 para evaluación de síntomas depresivos. Resultados: Los factores relacionados a la depresión y los resultados del aislamiento social fueron significativamente asociados al sexo femenino (n= 149; 37,8%; Odds Ratio OR=2,0), raza blanca (n=127; 37,2%; OR=1,60), jóvenes (n=130; 39,4%; OR=2,0), sin religión (n=70; 40,2%; OR=1,64), con problemas financieros (n=80; 53,0%; OR=2,40) y familiares (n=98; 47,3%; OR=1,77); que sufrieron violencia durante la cuarentena (n=28; 58,3%; OR=2,33), aumentaron el uso de drogas ilícitas (n=16; 59,3%; OR=2,69), consumieron sedativos sin prescripción médica (n=75; 54,0%; OR=2,94), vivieron relaciones conflictivas (n=33; 54,1%;OR=2,14), perdieron el empleo en la pandemia (n=32; 59,3%; OR=1,99) y presentaron síntomas de ansiedad relacionado al COVID-19(n=155; 45,2%; OR=3,91). Conclusión: Hay una relación significativa entre vulnerabilidad y adopción de comportamientos de riesgo durante el aislamiento social impuesto por la pandemia con síntomas depresivos. Sugerimos que los profesionales de la salud estén atentos ante la necesidad de ajustar sus intervenciones psicosociales al promover estrategias para mitigar los efectos y riesgos para la salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados à depressão entre estudantes e profissionais de nível superior durante o pico da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo quantitativo com delineamento transversal. Participaram 550 estudantes e profissionais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário digital, que incluía o Patient Health Questionnaire-9 para avaliação de sintomas depressivos. Resultados: Os fatores relacionados à depressão e os desfechos do isolamento social foram significantemente associados ao sexo feminino (n=149; 37,8%; Odds Ratio OR=2,0), raça branca (n=127; 37,2%; OR=1,60), jovens (n=130; 39,4%; OR=2,0), sem religião (n=70; 40,2%; OR=1,64), com problemas financeiros (n=80; 53,0%; OR=2,40) e familiares (n=98; 47,3%; OR=1,77), que sofreram violência durante a quarentena (n=28; 58,3%; OR=2,33), aumentaram o uso de drogas ilícitas (n=16; 59,3%; OR=2,69), consumiram sedativos sem prescrição médica (n=75; 54,0%; OR=2,94), vivenciaram relacionamentos conflituosos (n=33; 54,1%;OR=2,14), perderam o emprego na pandemia (n=32; 59,3%; OR=1,99) e apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade relacionada à COVID-19 (n=155; 45,2%; OR=3,91). Conclusão: há uma relação significativa entre vulnerabilidade e adoção de comportamentos de risco durante o isolamento social imposto pela pandemia com sintomas depressivos. Sugerimos que os profissionais de saúde estejam atentos para a necessidade de ajustar suas intervenções psicossociais ao promoverem estratégias para mitigar os efeitos e riscos à saúde mental.

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This study examined the prevalence, and associated factors, of violence against women by an intimate partner amongst 369 women who attended nursing consultations at primary care centres in Northeast Brazil. Socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental health and the forms of violence were analysed. IPV was a reality for 65.4% of the women of reproductive age seen in the centres. IPV, including psychological violence, is associated with age, education and religion, particularly amongst female cannabis users whose partners were also substance users. Primary care providers are in a position to detect, screen, counsel and treat women who experience IPV.

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Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the greatest contemporary challenges. Feelings of fear and uncertainty triggered by this pandemic have had noxious effects on people's mental health. This seems to have increased during quarantine and there is evidence of an intensification of reward-directed behavior. Nevertheless, there are few studies dealing with pornography consumption during this period. The aim of this manuscript is to contextualize this phenomenon during the pandemic and suggest some clinical recommendations on the matter.

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the greatest contemporary challenges. Feelings of fear and uncertainty triggered by this pandemic have had noxious effects on people's mental health. This seems to have increased during quarantine and there is evidence of an intensification of rewarddirected behavior. Nevertheless, there are few studies dealing with pornography consumption during this period. The aim of this manuscript is to contextualize this phenomenon during the pandemic and suggest some clinical recommendations on the matter.

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Evidências emergentes, mas ainda limitadas, sugerem que o consumo de álcool e outras substâncias aumentou durante a pandemia da COVID-19, e que pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno por uso de substâncias (TUS) estão em risco significativamente aumentado de exposição à infecção. Este estudo tem por objetivo apresentar uma visão geral sobre o consumo de tabaco, álcool e outras drogas e suas possíveis interfaces com a COVID-19 mediante uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Os achados ressaltam a importância de fornecer suporte para o tratamento e recuperação de indivíduos com TUS como parte da estratégia para controlar a disseminação do novo coronavírus. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados para a pesquisa e oferecidas breves recomendações relevantes para a prática clínica de psicoterapeutas e outros profissionais da saúde.(AU)

Emerging but still limited evidence suggests that consumption of alcohol and other substances increased during the VOCID-19 pandemic, and that patients diagnosed with substance related disorders (SRD) are at significantly increased risk of exposure to infection. This study aims to present an overview on the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs and their possible interfaces with OVID-19 through a narrative review of the literature. The findings highlight the importance of providing support for the treatment and recovery of individuals with SRD as part of the strategy to control the spread of the new coronavirus. The implications of the findings for research are discussed and brief recommendations relevant to the clinical practice of psychotherapists and other health professionals are offered.(AU)

Las evidencias emergentes, aunque todavía limitadas, sugieren que el consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias aumentó durante la pandemia de COVID-19, y que los pacientes diagnosticados con trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) corren un riesgo significativamente mayor de exposición a la infección. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una visión general del consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas y sus posibles interfaces con la pandemia de COVID-19 a través de una revisión narrativa de la literatura. Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de brindar apoyo para el tratamiento y la recuperación de las personas con TUS como parte de la estrategia para controlar la propagación del nuevo coronavirus. Se examinan las consecuencias de las conclusiones para la investigación y se ofrecen breves recomendaciones de relevancia para la práctica clínica de los psicoterapeutas y otros profesionales de la salud.(AU)

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, consequences and factors associated with drug use among individuals over 50 years of age, from the perspective of their families, with particularly reference to cocaine use. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on secondary data with 624 family members of substance users who sought family support in 14 units of the Recomeço Família Program in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: The participants were predominately men, aged 50 to 59 years (68%); cocaine users (inhaled and/ or smoked); living alone; with a low level of education and were unemployed. They were likely to use family money to pay for their substance use, with a history of theft and aggression against strangers, and were not in treatment. Unlike other participants [≥ 60 years (31.1%)]; who were better educated and retired. In this latter group, 32.8% are alcohol users, 14.8% cocaine users (inhaled and smoked), 32.6% has physically assaulted their family, 39.7% had assaulted someone else and 18.3% had stolen objects or money from home. CONCLUSIONS: The population has peculiar characteristics of vulnerability (cocaine use and violence) that remain under investigated; not only do routes into treatment for older adults (≥ 60) but appropriate treatment packages need to be developed too.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between having parents with substance use problems, and having suffered neglect within the family, and behavioral problems (psychological and drug use) among adolescents. All the participants were enrolled on the socio-educational parole scheme, 'Assisted Freedom'. In this cross-sectional study, 150 adolescents were interviewed using the Drug Abuse Screening Test, Teen Addiction Severity Index, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Ninety-five percent of the participants were male (n = 143), aged 13-17. Thirty percent of adolescents had a parent who used substances and had experienced neglect from their families. Those adolescents who were living with both parents (odds ratio adjusted (ORA) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-6.37), from a low-income family (ORA = 6.7, 95% CI = 1.85-24.22), experienced hallucinations (ORA = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.25-6.14), had problems controlling violent behavior (ORA = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.12-5.87), and were physically neglected (ORA = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.24-7.49) were more likely to have parents who used substances and to have experienced parental neglect. This article concludes that adolescents, who are on parole, come from families with high level of psychosocial vulnerabilities, including substance use, experience neglect by their families leading to adverse emotional and psychological states.

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