RESUMO
The Bartonella genus consists of neglected pathogens associated with potentially transfusional-transmitted and fatal human diseases. We aimed to evaluate Bartonella sp. prevalence in 500 blood donors and compare the results with the data already published about these samples. We used molecular diagnostic methods to detect Bartonella sp.-DNA from blood and liquid culture samples: (A) conventional PCR for two gene regions, the ITS targeting the genus Bartonella and the specific gltA Bartonella henselae; (B) nested PCR for the ftsZ gene and (C) qualitative real-time PCR for the gltA gene, both B. henselae specific. We obtained 30/500 (6%) DNA detections from the blood samples; 77/500 (15.4%) DNA detections from liquid culture samples and five (1%) samples had DNA detection from both. In total, we detected B. henselae DNA from 102/500 (20.4%) donors. The samples used in this study had already been submitted for Bartonella sp.-DNA detection using only a conventional PCR in liquid culture. Sixteen samples (3.2%) were positive previously, and from these 16 samples, 13 were negative in the new investigation. We concluded that the use of liquid culture combined with different molecular tests increases the possibility of detecting Bartonella sp.-DNA, but the tests do not avoid false-negative results. More than a fifth of blood donors had at least one PCR that detected Bartonella sp.-DNA among the eight molecular reactions performed now (four reactions in whole blood and four in liquid culture). Seven percent had B. henselae-DNA detection for two or more distinct regions. Considering the results obtained previously, the DNA of Bartonella spp. was detected or the agent isolated in 23% of analyzed blood donors. The results establish that the low bacteremia and the fastidious characteristics of the bacterium are challenges to laboratory diagnosis and can make it difficult to confirm the infection in patients with bartonelloses.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella , Bartonella henselae , Bartonella , Humanos , Bartonella henselae/genética , Doadores de Sangue , Bartonella/genética , Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/análiseRESUMO
We report a fatal case of Bartonella henselae bacteremic patient. He had negative serology and PCRs from whole blood and liquid culture; only ftsZ nested PCR was positive from the blood liquid culture. The isolate had positive PCRs. When considered, bartonellosis diagnosis can be still challenging because of technical limitations.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Reações Falso-Negativas , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bartonella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Choque Séptico/microbiologia , Choque Séptico/patologiaRESUMO
Bartonella spp. are bacteria of worldwide distribution that cause asymptomatic to fatal infections in animals and humans. The most common zoonotic species is Bartonella henselae, for which cats are the major natural reservoir host. To better understand Bartonella sp. diagnostic limitations, we determined the frequency of bloodstream infection in 112 cats by comparing and combining the results of multiple conventional and nested PCRs from blood and liquid culture samples. Using liquid culture conventional PCR, Bartonella sp. DNA was amplified from 27.7% of samples (31/112) compared to 90.2% of samples (101/112) by combining nested PCR from blood and liquid culture, indicating that PCR testing of more than one type of sample provides better sensitivity than a standalone PCR and that bloodstream infection is very frequent among cats in southeastern Brazil. This study reinforces the need for multistep testing for Bartonella sp. infection to prevent false-negative diagnostic results, even in reservoir hosts such as cats that typically maintain higher bacteremia levels.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/veterinária , Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Hemocultura , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , DNA Bacteriano/sangue , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Animais , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Infecções por Bartonella/sangue , Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Bartonella henselae/genética , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Gatos , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Bartonella henselae is a relevant causative agent of bartonelloses in humans. We described an immunocompetent patient with clinical manifestation of chronic cervical lymphadenopathy after a cat-scratch in her forearm. This case shows B. henselae infection persistence even after prolonged antibiotic treatment.
Assuntos
Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/diagnóstico , Linfadenopatia/microbiologia , Bartonella henselae/genética , Bartonella henselae/imunologia , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/microbiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro ImunocomprometidoRESUMO
Bacteria from the genus Bartonella are emerging blood-borne bacteria, capable of causing long-lasting infection in marine and terrestrial mammals, including humans. Bartonella are generally well adapted to their main host, causing persistent infection without clinical manifestation. However, these organisms may cause severe disease in natural or accidental hosts. In humans, Bartonella species have been detected from sick patients presented with diverse disease manifestations, including cat scratch disease, trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, polyarthritis, or granulomatous inflammatory disease. However, with the advances in diagnostic methods, subclinical bloodstream infection in humans has been reported, with the potential for transmission through blood transfusion been recently investigated by our group. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with Bartonella species infection in asymptomatic blood donors presented at a major blood bank in Southeastern Brazil. Five hundred blood donors were randomly enrolled and tested for Bartonella species infection by specialized blood cultured coupled with high-sensitive PCR assays. Epidemiological questionnaires were designed to cover major potential risk factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, contact with companion animals, livestock, or wild animals, bites from insects or animal, economical status, among other factors. Based on multivariate logistic regression, bloodstream infection with B. henselae or B. clarridgeiae was associated with cat contact (adjusted OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1-9.6) or history of tick bite (adjusted OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.3-13.4). These risk factors should be considered during donor screening, as bacteremia by these Bartonella species may not be detected by traditional laboratory screening methods, and it may be transmitted by blood transfusion.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella/parasitologia , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Bacteriemia , Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Gatos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Exposição Ocupacional , Fatores de Risco , ZoonosesRESUMO
Human exposure to Bartonella clarridgeiae has been reported only on the basis of antibody detection. We report for the first time an asymptomatic human blood donor infected with B. clarridgeiae, as documented by enrichment blood culture, PCR, and DNA sequencing.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Infecções por Bartonella , Bartonella/genética , Doadores de Sangue , Adulto , Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Bartonella species are fastidious bacteria that predominantly infect mammalian erythrocytes and endothelial cells and cause long-lasting bacteraemia in their reservoir hosts. Reports that describe the epidemiology of bartonellosis in Brazil are limited. This study aimed to detect and characterise Bartonella spp DNA from cat blood samples in São Luís, Maranhão, north-eastern Brazil. Among 200 cats tested for multiple genes, nine (4.5%) were positive for Bartonella spp: six cats for Bartonella henselae and three for Bartonella clarridgeiae. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of four genes, the B. henselae strain matched strains previously observed in Brazil and was positioned in the same clade as B. henselae isolates from the United States of America. Moreover, sequence alignment demonstrated that the B. clarridgeiae strain detected in the present study was the same as the one recently detected in cats from southern Brazil.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Bartonella/genética , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Animais , Bartonella/classificação , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Bartonella henselae/genética , Bartonella henselae/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Gatos , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Feminino , Masculino , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
Bartonella species are fastidious bacteria that predominantly infect mammalian erythrocytes and endothelial cells and cause long-lasting bacteraemia in their reservoir hosts. Reports that describe the epidemiology of bartonellosis in Brazil are limited. This study aimed to detect and characterise Bartonella spp DNA from cat blood samples in São Luís, Maranhão, north-eastern Brazil. Among 200 cats tested for multiple genes, nine (4.5%) were positive for Bartonella spp: six cats for Bartonella henselae and three for Bartonella clarridgeiae. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of four genes, the B. henselae strain matched strains previously observed in Brazil and was positioned in the same clade as B. henselae isolates from the United States of America. Moreover, sequence alignment demonstrated that the B. clarridgeiae strain detected in the present study was the same as the one recently detected in cats from southern Brazil.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Feminino , Masculino , Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Bartonella/genética , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Bartonella henselae/genética , Bartonella henselae/isolamento & purificação , Bartonella/classificação , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by rickettsial organisms belonging to the genus Ehrlichia. In Brazil, molecular and serological studies have evaluated the occurrence of Ehrlichia species in dogs, cats, wild animals and humans. Ehrlichia canis is the main species found in dogs in Brazil, although E. ewingii infection has been recently suspected in five dogs. Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA has been detected and characterized in mash deer, whereas E. muris and E. ruminantium have not yet been identified in Brazil. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by E. canis appears to be highly endemic in several regions of Brazil, however prevalence data are not available for several regions. Ehrlichia canis DNA also has been detected and molecularly characterized in three domestic cats, and antibodies against E. canis were detected in free-ranging Neotropical felids. There is serological evidence suggesting the occurrence of human ehrlichiosis in Brazil but its etiologic agent has not yet been established. Improved molecular diagnostic resources for laboratory testing will allow better identification and characterization of ehrlichial organisms associated with human ehrlichiosis in Brazil.
Assuntos
Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Ehrlichiose/epidemiologia , Animais de Estimação , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by rickettsial organisms belonging to the genus Ehrlichia. In Brazil, molecular and serological studies have evaluated the occurrence of Ehrlichia species in dogs, cats, wild animals and humans. Ehrlichia canis is the main species found in dogs in Brazil, although E. ewingii infection has been recently suspected in five dogs. Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA has been detected and characterized in mash deer, whereas E. muris and E. ruminantium have not yet been identified in Brazil. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by E. canis appears to be highly endemic in several regions of Brazil, however prevalence data are not available for several regions. Ehrlichia canis DNA also has been detected and molecularly characterized in three domestic cats, and antibodies against E. canis were detected in free-ranging Neotropical felids. There is serological evidence suggesting the occurrence of human ehrlichiosis in Brazil but its etiologic agent has not yet been established. Improved molecular diagnostic resources for laboratory testing will allow better identification and characterization of ehrlichial organisms associated with human ehrlichiosis in Brazil.
Erliquiose é uma doença causada por rickettsias pertencentes ao gênero Ehrlichia. No Brasil, estudos sorológicos e moleculares têm avaliado a ocorrência de espécies de Ehrlichia em cães, gatos, animais selvagens e seres humanos. Ehrlichia canis é a principal espécie em cães no Brasil, embora a infecção por E. ewingii tenha, recentemente, despertado suspeita em cinco cães. O DNA de E. chaffeensis foi detectado e caracterizado em cervo-do-pantanal, enquanto que E. muris e E. ruminantium ainda não foram identificadas no Brasil. A erliquiose monocítica canina causada pela E. canis parece ser altamente endêmica em muitas regiões do Brasil, embora dados de prevalência não estejam disponíveis em muitas delas. O DNA de E. canis também foi detectado e caracterizado em três gatos domésticos, enquanto anticorpos contra E. canis foram detectados em felídeos neotropicais de vida livre. Evidências sorológicas sugerem a ocorrência de erliquiose humana no Brasil, entretanto, o agente etiológico ainda não foi identificado. A melhoria do diagnóstico molecular promoverá a identificação e caracterização de espécies associadas à erliquiose humana no Brasil.