RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: We aim to compare the safety and effectiveness of the KangDuo (KD)-Surgical Robot-01 (KD-SR-01) system and the da Vinci (DV) system for robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RARNU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted between March 2022 and September 2023. Group 1 included 29 patients undergoing KD-RARNU. Group 2 included 29 patients undergoing DV-RARNU. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, perioperative data, and follow-up outcomes were collected prospectively and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patient baseline demographic and preoperative characteristics between the two groups. The success rates in both groups were 100% without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery or positive surgical margins. No significant difference was observed in docking time [242 (120-951) s vs 253 (62-498) s, P = 0.780], console time [137 (55-290) min vs 105 (62-220) min, P = 0.114], operative time [207 (121-460) min vs 185 (96-305) min, P = 0.091], EBL [50 (10-600) mL vs 50 (10-700) mL, P = 0.507], National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index scores, and postoperative serum creatinine levels between the two groups. None of the patients showed evidence of distant metastasis, local recurrence, or equipment-related adverse events during the four-week follow-up. One (3.4%) patient in Group 2 experienced postoperative enterovaginal and enterovesical fistulas (Clavien-Dindo grade III). CONCLUSIONS: The KD-SR-01 system is safe and effective for RARNU compared to the DV Si or Xi system. Further randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are required.
Assuntos
Nefroureterectomia , Duração da Cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/instrumentação , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefroureterectomia/métodos , Idoso , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Tempo de Internação , Laparoscopia/métodos , Laparoscopia/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although there has been increased utilization of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the world, there is no conclusive definition about the relationship between the success rate of ART and national wealth. METHODS: In this study, using the data from the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART), we sought to determine whether there is a correlation between the success rate of ART (represented by pregnancy and delivery rates) and national wealth represented by the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Moreover, to further understand the effect of GDP per capita on ART effectiveness, we analyzed the association between ART success rate and GDP per capita in 50 US states. RESULTS: Our data showed that the number of ART treatment cycles increased as the GDP per capita increased. However, we found a negative correlation between ART success rates and GDP per capita in ICMART countries, although no correlation was seen in the US states. Using rough estimation, we derived that the success rate of ART was not related to GDP per capita in the ICMART countries with a GDP per capita greater than USD 13,000. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, for the first time, we showed that when the GDP per capita of an economic territory reaches (or exceeds) USD 13,000, ART pregnancy and delivery rates were not associated with GDP per capita, and ART success rates remained stable.
Assuntos
Produto Interno Bruto , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida , Feminino , Produto Interno Bruto/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Gravidez , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), the key enzyme in plant starch biosynthesis, is a heterotetramer composed of two identical large subunits and two identical small subunits. AGPase has plastidial and cytosolic isoforms in higher plants, whereas it is mainly detected in the cytosol of grain endosperms in cereal crops. Our previous results have shown that the expression of the TaAGPL1 gene, encoding the cytosolic large subunit of wheat AGPase, temporally coincides with the rate of starch accumulation and that its overexpression dramatically increases wheat AGPase activity and the rate of starch accumulation, suggesting an important role. METHODS: In this study, we performed yeast one-hybrid screening using the promoter of the TaAGPL1 gene as bait and a wheat grain cDNA library as prey to screen out the upstream regulators of TaAGPL1 gene. And the barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene-silencing (BSMV-VIGS) method was used to verify the functional characterization of the identified regulators in starch biosynthesis. RESULTS: Disulfide isomerase 1-2 protein (TaPDIL1-2) was screened out, and its binding to the TaAGPL1-1D promoter was further verified using another yeast one-hybrid screen. Transiently silenced wheat plants of the TaPDIL1-2 gene were obtained by using BSMV-VIGS method under field conditions. In grains of BSMV-VIGS-TaPDIL1-2-silenced wheat plants, the TaAGPL1 gene transcription levels, grain starch contents, and 1000-kernel weight also significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: As important chaperones involved in oxidative protein folding, PDIL proteins have been reported to form hetero-dimers with some transcription factors, and thus, our results suggested that TaPDIL1-2 protein could indirectly and negatively regulate the expression of the TaAGPL1 gene and function in starch biosynthesis.
Assuntos
Pão , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/genética , Genes de Plantas/genética , Glucose-1-Fosfato Adenililtransferase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Glucose-1-Fosfato Adenililtransferase/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição , Triticum/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), the key enzyme in plant starch biosynthesis, is a heterotetramer composed of two identical large subunits and two identical small subunits. AGPase has plastidial and cytosolic isoforms in higher plants, whereas it is mainly detected in the cytosol of grain endosperms in cereal crops. Our previous results have shown that the expression of the TaAGPL1 gene, encoding the cytosolic large subunit of wheat AGPase, temporally coincides with the rate of starch accumulation and that its overexpression dramatically increases wheat AGPase activity and the rate of starch accumulation, suggesting an important role. METHODS: In this study, we performed yeast one-hybrid screening using the promoter of the TaAGPL1 gene as bait and a wheat grain cDNA library as prey to screen out the upstream regulators of TaAGPL1 gene. And the barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene-silencing (BSMV-VIGS) method was used to verify the functional characterization of the identified regulators in starch biosynthesis. RESULTS: Disulfide isomerase 1-2 protein (TaPDIL1-2) was screened out, and its binding to the TaAGPL1-1D promoter was further verified using another yeast one-hybrid screen. Transiently silenced wheat plants of the TaPDIL1-2 gene were obtained by using BSMV-VIGS method under field conditions. In grains of BSMV-VIGS-TaPDIL1-2-silenced wheat plants, the TaAGPL1 gene transcription levels, grain starch contents, and 1000-kernel weight also significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: As important chaperones involved in oxidative protein folding, PDIL proteins have been reported to form hetero-dimers with some transcription factors, and thus, our results suggested that TaPDIL1-2 protein could indirectly and negatively regulate the expression of the TaAGPL1 gene and function in starch biosynthesis.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Pão , Genes de Plantas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/genética , Glucose-1-Fosfato Adenililtransferase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição , Triticum/genética , Glucose-1-Fosfato Adenililtransferase/genéticaRESUMO
The 2016-2017 epidemic of influenza A (H7N9) virus in China prompted concern that a genetic change may underlie increased virulence. Based on an evolutionary analysis of H7N9 viruses from all five outbreak waves, we find that additional subclades of the H7 and N9 genes have emerged. Our analysis indicates that H7N9 viruses inherited NP genes from co-circulating H7N9 instead of H9N2 viruses. Genotypic diversity among H7N9 viruses increased following wave I, peaked during wave III, and rapidly deceased thereafter with minimal diversity in wave V, suggesting that the viruses entered a relatively stable evolutionary stage. The ZJ11 genotype caused the majority of human infections in wave V. We suggest that the largest outbreak of wave V may be due to a constellation of genes rather than a single mutation. Therefore, continuous surveillance is necessary to minimize the threat of H7N9 viruses.
Assuntos
Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Influenza Humana/patologia , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Antígenos/genética , Antígenos/imunologia , Antígenos/metabolismo , China/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Evolução Molecular , Genótipo , Humanos , Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/patogenicidade , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/classificação , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/classificação , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , Proteínas do Core Viral/classificação , Proteínas do Core Viral/genética , Proteínas Virais/classificação , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
Background: Intracranial abscesses are associated with high mortality. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens that cause intracranial infection. Until now, there is no report to identify the key effectors of S. aureus during the intracranial infection. Methods: The murine intracranial abscesses model induced by S. aureus was constructed. The vital sign and survival rate of mice were observed to evaluate the infection. Histological examination was used to diagnose the pathological alterations of mouse tissues. The sensitivity of S. aureus to whole blood was evaluated by whole-blood killing assay. Results: In murine intracranial abscesses model, it was shown that the mortality caused by the accessory gene regulator (agr) locus deficient strain was significant decreased compared with its parent strain. Moreover, we found that RNAIII, the effector of agr system, was essential for the intracranial infection caused by S. aureus. In the further investigation, it was shown that restoration the expression of α-toxin in agr deficient strain could partially recover the mortality in the murine intracranial abscesses model. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the agr system of S. aureus is an important virulence determinant in the induction and mortality of intracranial abscesses in mice. .
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Abscesso Encefálico/microbiologia , Genes Bacterianos , Genes Reguladores , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Abscesso Encefálico/mortalidade , Abscesso Encefálico/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Infecções Estafilocócicas/mortalidade , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , VirulênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intracranial abscesses are associated with high mortality. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens that cause intracranial infection. Until now, there is no report to identify the key effectors of S. aureus during the intracranial infection. METHODS: The murine intracranial abscesses model induced by S. aureus was constructed. The vital sign and survival rate of mice were observed to evaluate the infection. Histological examination was used to diagnose the pathological alterations of mouse tissues. The sensitivity of S. aureus to whole blood was evaluated by whole-blood killing assay. RESULTS: In murine intracranial abscesses model, it was shown that the mortality caused by the accessory gene regulator (agr) locus deficient strain was significant decreased compared with its parent strain. Moreover, we found that RNAIII, the effector of agr system, was essential for the intracranial infection caused by S. aureus. In the further investigation, it was shown that restoration the expression of α-toxin in agr deficient strain could partially recover the mortality in the murine intracranial abscesses model. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that the agr system of S. aureus is an important virulence determinant in the induction and mortality of intracranial abscesses in mice.
Assuntos
Abscesso Encefálico/microbiologia , Genes Bacterianos , Genes Reguladores , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Animais , Abscesso Encefálico/mortalidade , Abscesso Encefálico/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Infecções Estafilocócicas/mortalidade , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , VirulênciaRESUMO
It is well known that the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III (T3) effectors are essential for the pathogenicity of most bacterial phytopathogens and that the expression of T3SS and T3 effectors is suppressed in rich media but induced in minimal media and plants. To facilitate in-depth studies on T3SS and T3 effectors, it is crucial to establish a medium for T3 effector expression and secretion. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a model bacterium for studying plant-pathogen interactions. To date no medium for Xcc T3 effector secretion has been defined. Here, we compared four minimal media (MME, MMX, XVM2, and XOM2) which are reported for T3 expression induction in Xanthomonas spp. and found that MME is most efficient for expression and secretion of Xcc T3 effectors. By optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources and pH value based on MME, we established XCM1 medium, which is about 3 times stronger than MME for Xcc T3 effectors secretion. We further optimized the concentration of phosphate, calcium, and magnesium in XCM1 and found that XCM1 with a lower concentration of magnesium (renamed as XCM2) is about 10 times as efficient as XCM1 (meanwhile, about 30 times stronger than MME). Thus, we established an inducing medium XCM2 which is preferred for T3 effector secretion in Xcc.
Assuntos
Receptores dos Hormônios Tireóideos , Western Blotting , Xanthomonas campestris , Glucuronidase , Tri-IodotironinaRESUMO
It is well known that the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III (T3) effectors are essential for the pathogenicity of most bacterial phytopathogens and that the expression of T3SS and T3 effectors is suppressed in rich media but induced in minimal media and plants. To facilitate in-depth studies on T3SS and T3 effectors, it is crucial to establish a medium for T3 effector expression and secretion. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a model bacterium for studying plant-pathogen interactions. To date no medium for Xcc T3 effector secretion has been defined. Here, we compared four minimal media (MME, MMX, XVM2, and XOM2) which are reported for T3 expression induction in Xanthomonas spp. and found that MME is most efficient for expression and secretion of Xcc T3 effectors. By optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources and pH value based on MME, we established XCM1 medium, which is about 3 times stronger than MME for Xcc T3 effectors secretion. We further optimized the concentration of phosphate, calcium, and magnesium in XCM1 and found that XCM1 with a lower concentration of magnesium (renamed as XCM2) is about 10 times as efficient as XCM1 (meanwhile, about 30 times stronger than MME). Thus, we established an inducing medium XCM2 which is preferred for T3 effector secretion in Xcc.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Secreção Bacterianos , Proteínas de Bactérias , Meios de Cultura/química , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Xanthomonas campestris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Xanthomonas campestris/metabolismoRESUMO
It is well known that the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III (T3) effectors are essential for the pathogenicity of most bacterial phytopathogens and that the expression of T3SS and T3 effectors is suppressed in rich media but induced in minimal media and plants. To facilitate in-depth studies on T3SS and T3 effectors, it is crucial to establish a medium for T3 effector expression and secretion. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a model bacterium for studying plant-pathogen interactions. To date no medium for Xcc T3 effector secretion has been defined. Here, we compared four minimal media (MME, MMX, XVM2, and XOM2) which are reported for T3 expression induction in Xanthomonas spp. and found that MME is most efficient for expression and secretion of Xcc T3 effectors. By optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources and pH value based on MME, we established XCM1 medium, which is about 3 times stronger than MME for Xcc T3 effectors secretion. We further optimized the concentration of phosphate, calcium, and magnesium in XCM1 and found that XCM1 with a lower concentration of magnesium (renamed as XCM2) is about 10 times as efficient as XCM1 (meanwhile, about 30 times stronger than MME). Thus, we established an inducing medium XCM2 which is preferred for T3 effector secretion in Xcc.(AU)