RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, feed intake, carcass traits, and economic aspects of cattle fed different levels of supplementation during the growing phase (mineral supplementation-MS; low protein supplementation-PS, at 0.15% of body weight (BW); and a high protein-energy supplementation-PES at 0.40% of BW) and finished on the pasture with concentrate supplementation at 1.6% of BW. Ninety bulls were distributed in a completely randomized design and allocated into paddocks predominantly composed of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu grass. During the finishing phase, cattle were managed in paddocks of Urochloa decumbens grass. The average daily gain (ADG) and total weight gain during the growing phase were not different between animals fed PS (0.670 kg/day; 57.1 kg, respectively) and PES (0.730 kg/day; 62.4 kg, respectively), but both differed significantly from those supplemented with MS (0.540 kg/day; 45.1 kg). There was no difference between groups for average daily gain and total weight gain during the finishing phase (0.600 kg/day; 48.3 kg) and the same response was observed for carcass yield (55.18%, on average). However, bulls fed PES had higher hot carcass weight compared with those supplemented with MS and PS. Protein supplementation (0.15% of BW) and protein-energy supplementation (0.40% of BW) improved beef cattle performance during the growing phase. However, supplementation during the growing phase has a small impact on cattle performance in the finishing phase, although protein-energy supplementation at the growing phase improves the hot carcass weight and carcass traits during the finishing phase.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate different energy sources in multiple supplements on performance, intake, and digestibility of Santa Ines sheep grazing urochloa grass (Urochloa mosambicensis) during the rainy season. The experimental area was divided into seven paddocks of 4 ha each, with an average of dry matter (DM) availability of 3.21 tn/ha. A completely randomized design was carried out, in which there were four treatments, and each treatment was repeated six times. Twenty-four intact lambs (average: 32.0 kg of body weight) were supplemented with a mineral mixture, the control group (MM), mesquite pod meal (MPM), wheat bran (WB), or sorghum grain (SG) as energy sources. The digestibility of DM and crude protein (CP) in MPM and WB is higher than that in MM and SG groups. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was similar between supplemented lambs, and it was higher than the MM. The supplementation promoted higher weight gain than in the control group (0.126 vs. 0.061 g/day, respectively; P < 0.001). The supplementation increased the DM, and CP intake. The NDF intake only increased in the WB group. The CP digestibility was higher for the MPM and WB groups than that for MM and SG ones (P < 0.001). Sheep supplementation in the rainy season increased the average daily gain (ADG). Any supplement tested in the present study can be used during the rainy season. The choice for the supplement will depend on the availability and costs of the mesquite pod meal, sorghum grain, or wheat bran.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition of cows fed mesquite pod meal (MPM). Five crossbred dairy cows, with an average body weight of 450 ± 5 kg and producing 10 ± 1 kg of milk/day were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square arrangement with five periods of 20 days each, comprised of 15 days for adaptation to the experimental diets (T1 = 0%, T2 = 1.5%, T3 = 3.0%, T4 = 4.5% and T5 = 6.0% MPM) and 5 days for data collection. Variables were assessed by analysis of variance and regression at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 of significance, using the Student's test. Animals were kept on pastures and the concentrates were provided at 6 kg/animal divided in two meals per day. The inclusion of 3.0% mesquite pod meal did not affect the intake, digestibility of nutrients and milk yield, but it changed milk composition. The dietary inclusion of 3.0% mesquite pod meal as a palatability enhancer increases the percentage of milk solids, lactose, fat and protein. Therefore, mesquite pod meal can be included in diets for dairy cows to improve the nutritive value of milk.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dairy cow diets containing two different sources of urea on nitrogen metabolism and microbial synthesis. Eight crossbred cows were confined and distributed in two 4x4 Latin: FS - soybean meal (control), conventional urea (UC) 100%; ULL 44 UC = 56% / 44% ULL, ULL 88 UC = 12% / 88% ULL. Diets were offered to animals during 21 days with 14 days of adaptation. The N intake, retained nitrogen balance, nitrogen excretion in milk, urine, feces and total N excretion were similar and presented averages of 340.27g/day, 136.73g/day, 43.25g/day, 53.17g/day, 103.54g/day, and 199.96g/day, respectively. The percentages of urine and total nitrogen excretion were 16.24 and 60.71 (%), respectively. Ureic nitrogen in milk, urine and blood were 3.95mg/dL, 4.32mg/dl and 23.73mg/dL, respectively. The results found for the excretion of purine derivatives, allantoin, absorbable purines, microbial nitrogen, microbial protein and the relationship between microbial protein and digestible nutrients were 321.68mmol/day, 296.35mmol/day, 334.61mmol/day, 210.6g/day, 1316.27g/day, and 127.36g/kg, respectively. The partial replacement of soybean meal by conventional urea and / or urea encapsulated in feeding lactating cows yielded similar results in nitrogenous compounds, the concentrations of nitrogen from urine and milk and microbial protein synthesis.

Objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar o efeito de duas diferentes fontes de ureia na dieta de vacas lactantes sobre o metabolismo de nitrogênio e produção de síntese microbiana. Utilizaram-se oito vacas mestiças holandêszebu confinadas distribuídas aleatoriamente em um delineamento em dois quadrados latino 4x4. FS - farelo de soja (controle); ureia convencional (UC) 100%; ULL 44 = UC 56% / ULL 44%; ULL 88 = UC 12% / ULL 88%. Os períodos experimentais foram de 21 dias, com 14 dias de adaptação. O consumo de nitrogênio, balanço de nitrogênio retido, excreções de nitrogênio no leite, na urina, nas fezes e total de N excretado foram semelhantes e apresentavam médias de 340,27g/dia; 136,73g/dia; 43,25g/dia; 53,17g/dia; 103,54g/dia; 199,96g/dia, respectivamente. O nitrogênio excretado na urina e nitrogênio excretado total foram 16,24% e 60,71%, respectivamente. A concentração média de nitrogênio ureico no leite, na urina e no sangue foram de 3,95mg/dL; 4,32mg/dL e 23,73mg/dL, respectivamente. A excreção média de derivados de purina, alantoína, purinas absorvíveis, nitrogênio microbiano, proteína microbiana e relação proteína microbiana e nutrientes digetíveis totais foram de 321,68mmol/dia; 296,35mmol/dia; 334,61mmol/dia; 210,6g/dia; 1316,27g/dia; 127,36g/kg, respectivamente. A substituição parcial do farelo de soja por ureia convencional e/ou ureia encapsulada na alimentação de vacas lactantes proporcionou resultados semelhantes no balanço de compostos nitrogenados, nas concentrações de nitrogênio da urina e do leite e na síntese de proteína microbiana.

RESUMO

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of including urea in diets containing mesquite pod meal on nitrogen balance, plasma urea-N and ruminal parameters. Eight gelded males, with mean weight of 33.5 kg, were divided into two 4 x 4 Latin squares. Treatments consisted of following urea levels in diet: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of total dry matter. The diet was provided as total diet a 40:60 forage: concentrate ratio based on total diet DM. Total urine and feces were collected and nitrogen excretion was determined. Blood was collected, followed by plasma extraction and quantification of urea nitrogen. To evaluate pH and ammonia-N in rumen fluid, four rumen fistulated animals were used . Intake of N (31.68 g day-1) and losses through feces (7.94 g day-1) and urine (9.95 g day-1) did not change. The concentrations of ammonia-N and plasma urea-N increased linearly. Rumen pH was similar among treatments. The inclusion of urea does not influence the nitrogen balance, but increases the concentrations of rumen ammonia-N and urea nitrogen in plasma, which may influence energy expenditure in the body.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de ureia em dietas contendo farelo da vagem de algaroba sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, N-uréico no plasma e parâmetros ruminais em ovinos. Foram utilizados oito animais, machos castrados, com peso médio de 33,5 kg, distribuídos em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4. Os tratamentos constituíram da inclusão de níveis de ureia na dieta, sendo: 0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% da MS total. A dieta foi fornecida como dieta total na relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60 com base na MS total da dieta. Foi realizada a coleta total de urina e fezes e determinada a excreção de nitrogênio. Foi coletado sangue, seguido com a extração do plasma e determinação do N-uréico. Para avaliação do pH e N-amoniacal no líquido ruminal foram utilizados quatro animais fistulados no rúmen. A ingestão de N (31,68 g/dia) e perdas vias fecal (7,94 g/dia) e urinária (9,95 g/dia) não sofreram alteração. As concentrações de N-amoniacal e N-uréico no plasma aumentaram de forma linear. O pH ruminal foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. A inclusão de uréia não influencia o balanço de nitrogênio, porém eleva as concentrações de N-amoniacal no rúmen e N-uréico no plasma podendo influenciar o gasto de energia no organismo.

RESUMO

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of including urea in diets containing mesquite pod meal on nitrogen balance, plasma urea-N and ruminal parameters. Eight gelded males, with mean weight of 33.5 kg, were divided into two 4 x 4 Latin squares. Treatments consisted of following urea levels in diet: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of total dry matter. The diet was provided as total diet a 40:60 forage: concentrate ratio based on total diet DM. Total urine and feces were collected and nitrogen excretion was determined. Blood was collected, followed by plasma extraction and quantification of urea nitrogen. To evaluate pH and ammonia-N in rumen fluid, four rumen fistulated animals were used . Intake of N (31.68 g day-1) and losses through feces (7.94 g day-1) and urine (9.95 g day-1) did not change. The concentrations of ammonia-N and plasma urea-N increased linearly. Rumen pH was similar among treatments. The inclusion of urea does not influence the nitrogen balance, but increases the concentrations of rumen ammonia-N and urea nitrogen in plasma, which may influence energy expenditure in the body.  

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de ureia em dietas contendo farelo da vagem de algaroba sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, N-uréico no plasma e parâmetros ruminais em ovinos. Foram utilizados oito animais, machos castrados, com peso médio de 33,5 kg, distribuídos em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4. Os tratamentos constituíram da inclusão de níveis de ureia na dieta, sendo: 0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5% da MS total. A dieta foi fornecida como dieta total na relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60 com base na MS total da dieta. Foi realizada a coleta total de urina e fezes e determinada a excreção de nitrogênio. Foi coletado sangue, seguido com a extração do plasma e determinação do N-uréico. Para avaliação do pH e N-amoniacal no líquido ruminal foram utilizados quatro animais fistulados no rúmen. A ingestão de N (31,68 g/dia) e perdas vias fecal (7,94 g/dia) e urinária (9,95 g/dia) não sofreram alteração. As concentrações de N-amoniacal e N-uréico no plasma aumentaram de forma linear. O pH ruminal foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. A inclusão de uréia não influencia o balanço de nitrogênio, porém eleva as concentrações de N-amoniacal no rúmen e N-uréico no plasma podendo influenciar o gasto de energia no organismo.

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using sorghum silages with and without tannin as a substitute for corn silage on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot sheep. We used 18 whole, Santa Ines, male lambs, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments: silage tannin in grain sorghum (SCT), silage sorghum without tannin in grain (SST); and corn silage (SM). The forage: concentrate ratio was 70:30, and we used a commercial concentrate with 19% CP and 75% TDN. The dry matter intake (DMI) for the treatment SCT, SST, and SM were 1.03, 1.20 and 0.85 kg / day, respectively, and the SCT was similar to the others, but the SST was higher than SM. The sheep which consumed the SST diet had higher average daily weight gain (DWG) and total average gain (153.72 g and 8.61 kg) than those consuming SCT (111.19 and 6.23 kg) and SM (94.40 g and 5.46kg). There was no difference in feed conversion (FC) between diets. The carcass traits were not influenced by the type of silage consumed. The SCT can be used as the only roughage in the diet of sheep in confinement, without changing the DMI, FC and carcass characteristics. However, animals that consumed the SST had higher DWG.KEYWORDS: carcass finishing; consumption; feed conversion; lambs; weight gain.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da utilização de silagens de sorgo com e sem tanino em substituição à silagem de milho sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de ovinos confinados. Foram utilizados 18 cordeiros machos, inteiros, Santa Inês, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos: silagem de sorgo com tanino no grão (SCT); silagem de sorgo sem tanino no grão (SST) e; silagem de milho (SM). A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 70:30, sendo utilizado concentrado comercial com 19% de PB e 75% de NDT. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) para os tratamentos SCT, SST e SM foram 1,03; 1,20 e 0,85kg/dia, respectivamente, sendo a SCT semelhante às demais, porém a SST foi superior à SM. Os ovinos que consumiram a dieta SST apresentaram ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD) e ganho médio total (153,72g e 8,61kg) superior àqueles consumindo SCT (111,19 e 6,23kg) e SM (94,40g e 5,46kg). Não houve diferença na conversão alimentar (CA) entre as dietas. As características de carcaça não foram influenciadas pelo tipo de silagem consumida. A SCT pode ser utilizada como volumoso exclusivo na alimentação de ovinos em confinamento, sem alterar o CMS, CA e características de carcaça. Entretanto, os animais que consumiram a SST obtiveram maior GPMD.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: acabamento de carcaça; consumo; conversão alimentar; cordeiros; ganho de peso.

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using sorghum silages with and without tannin as a substitute for corn silage on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot sheep. We used 18 whole, Santa Ines, male lambs, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments: silage tannin in grain sorghum (SCT), silage sorghum without tannin in grain (SST); and corn silage (SM). The forage: concentrate ratio was 70:30, and we used a commercial concentrate with 19% CP and 75% TDN. The dry matter intake (DMI) for the treatment SCT, SST, and SM were 1.03, 1.20 and 0.85 kg / day, respectively, and the SCT was similar to the others, but the SST was higher than SM. The sheep which consumed the SST diet had higher average daily weight gain (DWG) and total average gain (153.72 g and 8.61 kg) than those consuming SCT (111.19 and 6.23 kg) and SM (94.40 g and 5.46kg). There was no difference in feed conversion (FC) between diets. The carcass traits were not influenced by the type of silage consumed. The SCT can be used as the only roughage in the diet of sheep in confinement, without changing the DMI, FC and carcass characteristics. However, animals that consumed the SST had higher DWG.KEYWORDS: carcass finishing; consumption; feed conversion; lambs; weight gain.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da utilização de silagens de sorgo com e sem tanino em substituição à silagem de milho sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de ovinos confinados. Foram utilizados 18 cordeiros machos, inteiros, Santa Inês, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos: silagem de sorgo com tanino no grão (SCT); silagem de sorgo sem tanino no grão (SST) e; silagem de milho (SM). A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 70:30, sendo utilizado concentrado comercial com 19% de PB e 75% de NDT. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) para os tratamentos SCT, SST e SM foram 1,03; 1,20 e 0,85kg/dia, respectivamente, sendo a SCT semelhante às demais, porém a SST foi superior à SM. Os ovinos que consumiram a dieta SST apresentaram ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD) e ganho médio total (153,72g e 8,61kg) superior àqueles consumindo SCT (111,19 e 6,23kg) e SM (94,40g e 5,46kg). Não houve diferença na conversão alimentar (CA) entre as dietas. As características de carcaça não foram influenciadas pelo tipo de silagem consumida. A SCT pode ser utilizada como volumoso exclusivo na alimentação de ovinos em confinamento, sem alterar o CMS, CA e características de carcaça. Entretanto, os animais que consumiram a SST obtiveram maior GPMD.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: acabamento de carcaça; consumo; conversão alimentar; cordeiros; ganho de peso.

RESUMO

The objective of the work was to evaluate ruminal fermentation kinetics parameters of Brachiaria brizantha, harvested at 28, 35 and 54 days, using the semiautomatic in vitro gas production technique. Analyses were carried out for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFAP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), lignin (LIG), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), fraction B2 and the fraction C, respectively. The data of gas production were adjusted to the bicompartmental logistic model. The design used was completely randomized. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, at the level of 5% probability. There was a significant effect (p

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros da cinética de degradação ruminal da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, cortadas aos 28, 35 e 54 dias, pela técnica in vitro de produção de gases. Foram realizadas determinações dos teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e proteína (FDNCP), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA), lignina (LIG), Carboidratos totais (CT), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), fração B2 e fração C, respectivamente. Os dados da produção de gases foram ajustados ao modelo logístico bicompartimental. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Houve efeito (p 0,05) para as variáveis MS, FDNCP, FDA, NIDN, NIDA, CT, B2, com aumento linear à medida que avançou a idade de corte. Para a produção de gases a fração A foi semelhante entre as idades de 28 e 35 dias, com 95,75 e 116,8 mL 1g-1 de MS, respectivamente. A idade recomendada para obtenção do melhor valor nutricional do Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu foi aos 28 dias.

RESUMO

The objective of the work was to evaluate ruminal fermentation kinetics parameters of Brachiaria brizantha, harvested at 28, 35 and 54 days, using the semiautomatic in vitro gas production technique. Analyses were carried out for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFAP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), lignin (LIG), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), fraction B2 and the fraction C, respectively. The data of gas production were adjusted to the bicompartmental logistic model. The design used was completely randomized. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, at the level of 5% probability. There was a significant effect (p

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros da cinética de degradação ruminal da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, cortadas aos 28, 35 e 54 dias, pela técnica in vitro de produção de gases. Foram realizadas determinações dos teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e proteína (FDNCP), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro (NIDN), nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA), lignina (LIG), Carboidratos totais (CT), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), fração B2 e fração C, respectivamente. Os dados da produção de gases foram ajustados ao modelo logístico bicompartimental. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Houve efeito (p 0,05) para as variáveis MS, FDNCP, FDA, NIDN, NIDA, CT, B2, com aumento linear à medida que avançou a idade de corte. Para a produção de gases a fração A foi semelhante entre as idades de 28 e 35 dias, com 95,75 e 116,8 mL 1g-1 de MS, respectivamente. A idade recomendada para obtenção do melhor valor nutricional do Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu foi aos 28 dias.