RESUMO
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the primary causes of blindness in the working age population and is characterized by angiogenesis in the retina. Platelets have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. The integrin receptor for collagen/laminin, α2ß1, mediates platelet primary adhesion to subendothelial tissues, which is an essential first step in thrombus formation. The gene encoding the α2 subunit of α2ß1 integrin has ≥8 polymorphisms, including a BglII/NdeI restriction fragment length polymorphism. To explore the prevalence of DR in a population from Northeastern Mexico, unrelated, hospitalized patients who had received a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) at least 10 years previously were recruited (n=177). DR was diagnosed in a masked manner by independent ophthalmologists using fundus images captured using a non-mydriatic retinal camera. A total of 121 patients with DM2 (68%) had some degree of DR development (DR patients), and 56 patients with DM2 (32%) did not exhibit any sign of DR (No-DR patients). The results showed that after 15 years of DM2 progression, there is an increased risk of DR (P=0.0497; odds ratio, 1.993). In addition, insulin therapy and family history of DM2 were significantly associated with DR. In order to detect a possible association between DR and BglII/NdeI α2 gene polymorphisms, a comparative cross-sectional study between DR and No-DR patients was conducted. The α2 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Statistical analysis revealed no association between BglII/NdeI genotypes and the development of DR in this group of patients. In conclusion, the present data indicate a high prevalence of DR in the Mexican population and suggest that the damage in DR is due to other factors, such as the duration of the DM2, and is not linked to BglII/NdeI α2 gene polymorphisms.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and postprandial glucose intolerance (PGI) in individuals with diabetic parent and risk factors for developing DM2. METHODS: a cross-sectional study among 162 individuals with father or mother with DM2, age from 30 to 35 years with risk factors for developing DM2 was performed. Fasting plasma glucose was done, and a glucose tolerance curve was taken in those who had IFG. RESULTS: prediabetes was found in 9.8 % (16) [of which 43.8 % (7) presented PGI]; and 90.2 % (146) were normoglycemic. The mean age in patients with IFG and PGI was 33.5 years and in the normoglycemic group was 32.2, t = 8.36, p = 0.004. The mean weight in the IFG and PGI group was 72.58 kg and 69.85 kg in normoglycemic group, t = 1.21 and p = 0.27. Mean BMI, IFG and PGI was 27.78 and in normoglycemic 26.58, t = 5.25, p = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: the results suggested that in descents from parents with DM2 with risk factors we must investigate early prediabetes or IFG with fasting plasma glucose.
Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de alteración de glucosa en ayunas (AGA) e intolerancia a la glucosa postprandial (IGP) en individuos con padre o madre diabéticos y con factores de riesgo para DM2. Método: estudio transversal en 162 hijos de padre o madre con DM2, de 30 a 35 años con factores de riesgo asociados a DM2. Se realizó glucosa plasmática de ayuno y a aquellos con AGA se les realizó curva de tolerancia a la glucosa. Resultados: se encontró prediabetes en 9.8 % (16) [de estos, el 43.8 % (7) presentó IGP] y 90.2 % (146) presentó normoglucemia. La media de edad en individuos con AGA e IGP fue 33.5 años. En los normo-glucémicos fue 32.2, t = 8.36, p = 0.004. La media del peso en AGA e IGP fue de 72.58 kg, y en normoglucémicos de 69.85 kg con t = 1.21 y p = 0.27. La media del IMC en AGA e IGP fue de 27.78, y en normoglucémicos de 26.58, t = 5.25, p = 0.02. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que en hijos de padre o madre diabéticos con factores de riesgo debe realizarse glucemia de ayuno para identificar tempranamente prediabetes o IGP.
Assuntos
Intolerância à Glucose/genética , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Jejum , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Período Pós-Prandial , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Se presenta un estudio descriptivo con 224 individuos sanos a quienes se les cuantificó la sensibilidad al contraste visual. Los resultados se analizaron con medidas de atendencia central y pruebas estadísticas para diferencias de medias, así como frecuencias simples. Para la evaluación de la sensibilidad al contraste visual se propone un formato adecuado a las características de la población mexicana sana, con base en los resultados obtenidos, ya que la curva normal de la sensibilidad al contraste visual se encuentra por debajo de los estándares descritos en la literatura internacional
This paper presents a descriptive study of visual contrast sensitivity on 224 healthy Mexican individuals. Central tendency measures, Student's t test, as well as simple frequencies were the statistical tests used for data analysis. A format to evaluate visual contrast sensitivity adequate to healthy Mexican population is proposed, taking into account that the normal visual contrast sensitivity curve of Mexicans was found to be lower than the international standards.