RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: mapping the scientific evidence about the use of educational technologies for caregivers in the context of Pediatric Oncology hospital units. Method: this is a scoping review based on the PRISMA-ScR recommendations and on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The search was performed by two independent reviewers in 12 national and international data sources. Publications available in full and free of charge in electronic means were included, with no language or time restrictions. Abstracts were excluded, as well as letters to the editor, opinion articles, books, monographies, dissertations, theses, blog postings, and theoretical and reflection articles. Data analysis was descriptive, with elaboration of charts and absolute and relative frequency statistics. Results: the final sample was comprised by 15 studies published between 2010 and 2020 and mainly from developed countries. Apps and videos were the predominant educational technologies, followed by printed materials, contributing to increasing the caregivers' knowledge about the disease and cancer treatment, symptom management and side effects of the chemotherapy drugs. In addition, when compared to printed materials, the videos showed a reduction in the caregivers' anxiety levels. The professionals most involved with the technologies were nurses and physicians. Conclusion: it was possible to map that apps and videos are the main educational technologies that are being developed to instruct caregivers, addressing diagnosis and treatment of child-youth cancer, symptom management and self-care promotion.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear las evidencias científicas sobre el uso de tecnologías educativas para cuidadores en el contexto de unidades hospitalarias de Oncología Pediátrica. Método: se trata de una revisión de alcance basada en las recomendaciones PRISMA-ScR y en la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Dos revisores independientes realizaron la búsqueda en 12 fuentes de datos nacionales e internacionales. Se incluyeron publicaciones disponibles en su texto completo y en forma gratuita en medios electrónicos, sin restricciones de idiomas ni recorte temporal. Se excluyeron resúmenes, cartas al editor, artículos de opinión, libros, monografías, disertaciones, tesis, posts en blogs, y artículos teóricos y de reflexión. El análisis de los datos fue descriptivo, y se elaboraron cuadros y estadísticas con frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: muestra final de 15 estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2020 y principalmente realizados en países desarrollados. Las apps y los videos fueron las tecnologías educativas predominantes, seguidas por los materiales impresos, lo que contribuyó a aumentar el conocimiento de los cuidadores sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento oncológico, el manejo de los síntomas y los efectos colaterales de los fármacos quimioterapéuticos. Además, los videos demostraron que reducen el nivel de ansiedad de los cuidadores en comparación con los materiales impresos. Los profesionales que más se involucraron con las tecnologías fueron los enfermeros y los médicos. Conclusión: fue posible mapear que las apps y los vídeos son las principales tecnologías educativas en actual desarrollo para orientar a los cuidadores, abordando el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer infantojuvenil, el manejo de los síntomas y la promoción del autocuidado.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear as evidências científicas sobre o uso de tecnologias educacionais para cuidadores no contexto de unidades hospitalares de Oncologia Pediátrica. Método: trata-se de uma scoping review, com base nas recomendações PRISMA-ScR e metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs. A busca foi realizada em 12 fontes de dados nacionais e internacionais, por dois revisores independentes. Foram incluídas publicações disponíveis na íntegra e gratuitamente em meio eletrônico, sem restrição de idiomas e sem recorte temporal. Foram excluídos resumos, cartas ao editor, artigos de opinião, livros, monografias, dissertações, teses, postagens em blogs, artigos teóricos e de reflexão. A análise dos dados ocorreu de forma descritiva, sendo elaborados quadros e estatística com frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: a amostra final de 15 estudos, publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2020 e oriundos, principalmente, de países desenvolvidos. Os aplicativos e vídeos foram às tecnologias educacionais predominantes, seguidos pelos materiais impressos, contribuindo para aumentar o conhecimento dos cuidadores sobre a doença e tratamento oncológico, manejo dos sintomas e efeitos colaterais dos quimioterápicos. Ademais, os vídeos demonstraram redução do nível de ansiedade dos cuidadores quando comparados com materiais impressos. Os profissionais que mais estiveram envolvidos com as tecnologias foram os enfermeiros e médicos. Conclusão: foi possível mapear que os aplicativos e vídeos são as principais tecnologias educacionais que estão sendo desenvolvidas para orientação dos cuidadores, abordando o diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer infantojuvenil, manejo dos sintomas e promoção do autocuidado.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In late January, a worldwide crisis known as COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO. Within only a few weeks, the outbreak took on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries. It was a significant issue to prevent and control COVID-19 on both national and global scales due to the dramatic increase in confirmed cases worldwide. Government guidelines provide a fundamental resource for communities, as they guide citizens on how to protect themselves against COVID-19, however, they also provide critical guidance for policy makers and healthcare professionals on how to take action to decrease the spread of COVID-19. We aimed to identify the differences and similarities between six different countries' (US, China, South Korea, UK, Brazil and Haiti) government-provided community and healthcare system guidelines, and to explore the relationship between guideline issue dates and the prevalence/incidence of COVID-19 cases. METHODS: To make these comparisons, this exploratory qualitative study used document analysis of government guidelines issued to the general public and to healthcare professionals. Documents were purposively sampled (N = 55) and analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: The major differences in the evaluation and testing criteria in the guidelines across the six countries centered around the priority of testing for COVID-19 in the general population, which was strongly dependent on each country's healthcare capacity. However, the most similar guidelines pertained to the clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19, and methods to prevent its contraction. CONCLUSION: In the initial stages of the outbreak, certain strategies were universally employed to control the deadly virus's spread, including quarantining the sick, contact tracing, and social distancing. However, each country dealt with differing healthcare capacities, risks, threats, political and socioeconomic challenges, and distinct healthcare systems and infrastructure. Acknowledging these differences highlights the importance of examining the various countries' response to the COVID-19 pandemic with a nuanced view, as each of these factors shaped the government guidelines distributed to each country's communities and healthcare systems.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Estudo caracterizado como pesquisa operacional ou Investigação em Sistemas de Saúde (ISS) com caráter descritivo e quantitativo que objetivou analisar opinião de familiares e profissionais sobre a Reforma Psiquiátrica e os principais transtornos mentais na estratégia saúde da família. Investigou-se280 sujeitos dos quais 126 eram profissionais de saúde e 154 familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais que responderam a Escala de Medida de Opinião (EMO). Os dados digitados e tabulados foram submetidos ao software Epi Info, versão 6.04. O estudo encontrou diferenças de gênero em relação aos principais transtornos mentais identificados pelos familiares no município de Parnamirim/RN, donde 45% (29) são mulheres com diagnóstico de portadoras detranstornos do humor, enquanto a maioria dos homens, 62%(55), apresentam transtornos decorrentes do uso de substâncias psicoativas. Em relação à Reforma Psiquiátrica a opinião dos familiares e profissionais reflete ainda as dúvidas e a descrença na Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. Ademais, a realidade traz um contingente crescente de pessoas com o transtorno mental e comportamental o que exige uma prática profissional qualificada em consonância aos preceitos do processo de Reforma Psiquiátrica no país.

The study is characterized as an operational research or Health System Research (HSR) with a descriptive and quantitative character which aimed to analyze the opinion of families and professionals about the psychiatric reform and major mental disorders in care in the family health strategy. 280 subjects were investigated of which 126 were health professionals and 154 relatives of patients with mental disorders, who responded to the Measurement Scale of Opinion (MSO). The typed data and tabulated were submitted to Epi Info software, version 6.04. The study found gender differences in relation to major mental disorders identified by family members in the municipality of Parnamirim/RN, where 45% (29) are women diagnosed with mood disorders while most men, 62% (55), presented disorders arise from the use of psychoactive substances. Regarding the Psychiatric Reform, the family and professionals opinions reflect the doubts and disbelief in the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. Besides, the reality brings a growing contingent of people with mental and behavioral disorder that requires a qualified professional practice according to the precepts of the Psychiatric Reform in the country.

RESUMO

Analisar a opinião dos familiares na Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre o doente, a doença mental e a família. Método: Pesquisa operacional ou Investigação em Sistemas de Saúde, descritiva e quantitativa, realizada com 154 familiares através da Escala de Medida de Opinião. Aprovado pelo protocolo nº 001/11CEP-UFRN, CAAE -0003.0.051.000-11. Resultados: 68% dos familiares discordam totalmente de que alcoolismo é doença mental; 50% discordam pouco como diferenciar um doente mental de uma pessoa normal; 30 % dos familiares concordam pouco de ser agressivo; 32% concordam totalmente como lugar do louco no hospício; 75% discordam totalmente que internar uma pessoa em hospital psiquiátrico significa rejeição da família; e 82% concordam totalmente em dar suporte à família para cuidar. Conclusão: Reflete uma aparente novidade nos modos de cuidar e perplexidade ao assumir este protagonismo, embora, sejam cuidadores habituais dos portadores.

Se analizó la opinión de los familiares en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia sobre el enfermo, la enfermedad mental y la familia. Método: Pesquisa operacional o Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, de carácter descriptivo cuantitativo, realizada con 154 familiares a través de la Escala de Medida de Opinión. Aprobado el protocolo 001/11 CEP-UFRN, CAAE - 0003.0.051.000-11. Resultados: Enfermedad Mental - 68% de los familiares discuerdan totalmente de que alcoholismo es enfermedad mental y 50% discuerdan poco como diferenciar un enfermo mental de una persona normal. Enfermo Mental - 30 % de los familiares concuerdan poco de ser agresivo y 32% concuerdan totalmente como lugar de loco es en el manicomio. Familia - 75% discuerdan totalmente que internar una persona en hospital psiquiátrico significa rechazo de la familia y 82% concuerdan totalmente en dar soporte a la familia para cuidar. Conclusión: Refleja un modo nuevos de la atención y perplejidad para asumir este papel, sin embargo, son los cuidadores de los pacientes.

Objective: To analyze the opinion of family members in the Family Health Strategy about the patient, the family, and the mental illness. Method: This Operations Research or Health System Research has a descriptive quantitative nature and involved 154 families through the Measurement Scale of Opinion. Trial registration number 001/11, CAAE -0003.0.051.000-11. Results: 68% of family members disagrees strongly that alcoholism is a mental illness; 50% somewhat disagrees about differences between a mental patient and normal people; 30% agrees somewhat that it is aggressive; 32% agrees totally that the insane should be in sanatorium; 75% totally disagrees that hospitalization into a sanatorium means rejection by family; 82% agrees fully about the family support to care for patient. Conclusion: It reveals apparent new models of care and perplexity to assume this role, even though they are the usual caregivers.

Assuntos