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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an integrated program (PIA-2) to reduce the risk for problems related to eating, weight and body image in female adolescents from Argentina. METHOD: A quasi-experimental study was conducted by comparing an experimental group versus a control group. The final sample included 509 girls aged 13-18 (M = 15.39 and SD = 1.30) from nine schools located in three geographical regions. They provided data at three assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up. Dependent variables included skipping breakfast, physical activity, eating disorder risk and thin-ideal internalization. The program was carried out in three 90-minute sessions within usual school hours, at 1-week intervals. RESULTS: Participants who received the intervention decreased more than the control group in skipping breakfast month by month. However, a significant effect of the intervention was not found on physical activity, eating disorder risk, and thin-ideal internalization. DISCUSSION: The presence of mixed findings shows the need to adjust the intervention to enhance the results. The importance of working jointly with other Latin American countries is emphasized, in order to promote the growth of the field of prevention, regarding cultural particularities shared by our societies. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Integrated programs aimed at reducing risk factors for the entire spectrum of problems related to eating, weight and body image could lead to beneficial and more efficient effects. However, their development is still incipient in Latin America. PIA-2 Program, designed for female adolescents, produced positive results in one of the four variables studied, decreasing the weekly frequency of skipping breakfast among adolescents. This is pioneering research in Argentina and the region since very few studies on integrated prevention have been published in Latin America. It is crucial to continue with efforts aimed at developing programs that are suited to the specific needs of the population of Latin American countries. In this aspect, our study is undoubtedly an important contribution.

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Resumen El Inventario de Trastornos Alimentarios (Eating Disorder Inventory, EDI, por sus siglas en inglés) fue desarrollado hace más de 35 años y continúa siendo en la actualidad una de las medidas estandarizadas de autoinforme más utilizadas para evaluar síntomas y rasgos psicológicos asociados a los trastornos alimentarios (TA), tanto en clínica como en investigación. La amplia difusión de este inventario se evidencia en las continuas adaptaciones y validaciones de sus diferentes versiones (EDI, EDI-2, EDI-3) en numerosos países. Actualmente, se cuenta con versiones en español, portugués, alemán, italiano, francés, japonés y hebreo, entre otras. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar las propiedades psicométricas de las distintas versiones de este inventario en población hispanoamericana, específicamente, en Argentina, Chile, España, México, Perú y población latina de Estados Unidos. Se puede concluir que el EDI resulta un instrumento económico, con suficiente evidencia de validez y buenos niveles de confiabilidad para evaluar aspectos cognitivos y conductuales frecuentes en personas con TA de habla hispana.

Abstract The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI, for its acronym in English) was developed more than 35 years ago and remains today one of the most widely used standardized self-report measures, to evaluate symptoms and psychological traits associated with eating disorders (ED), both in clinical as in research. The widespread dissemination of this inventory is evidenced in the continuous adaptations and validations of its different versions (EDI, EDI-2, EDI-3) in many countries. Currently, there are versions in Spanish, Portuguese, German, Italian, French, Japanese and Hebrew, among others. The aim of this study was to present the psychometric properties of the different versions of this inventory in the Hispano-American population, specifically, in Argentina, Chile, Spain, Mexico, Peru and Latin population of the United States. It can be concluded that the EDI is an economic instrument, with sufficient evidence of validity and good levels of reliability to evaluate common cognitive and behavioral aspects in people with ED in Spanish-speaking people.

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In the last few decades much effort has been devoted to developing prevention programs for eating disorders, as most individuals with these pathologies do not receive treatment and tend to become chronic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive dissonance and media literacy intervention aimed at preventing eating disorders in female adolescents. Eighty-eight female students (aged 12-17) from Argentina, participated in a 3-session program. Adolescents completed a baseline, post-intervention and a 6-month follow-up survey. A significant decrease in thin-ideal internalization, body image concerns, influence of advertising, drive for thinness and bulimic attitudes was found at post-intervention. In addition, the number of participants with disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors decreased at post-intervention. Results for body image concerns and drive for thinness were maintained at follow-up.

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Despite the fact that past research identified childhood obesity as an antecedent of eating disorders, not all obese children further develop this pathology. With this regard, our first purpose was to isolate which characteristics differentiate overweight children who have an eating disorder from those who have not. Second, considering that there is little evidence collected in Latin American countries, we provided overweight children data from an Argentinean sample. Specifically, we investigated if weight-teasing, perfectionism, disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors, and body image dissatisfaction are related to the occurrence of an eating disorder in 100 school-aged overweight/obese children (37 girls and 63 boys; mean age 10.85, SD 0.88). Participants completed self-report instruments and were interviewed between 1 and 2 months later to confirm the presence of eating disorders. Seventeen percent participants confirmed to have an eating disorder. Further, the multivariate logistic analysis revealed that perfectionism (Exp ß = 1.19) and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors (Exp ß = 4.78) were jointly associated with the presence of an eating disorder. These results were maintained even when the overall model was adjusted for covariates such as age, gender, body mass index, and school type. Weight-teasing and body image dissatisfaction did not contribute to the multivariate model. Prevalence rates of ED and model findings were discussed.

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En este estudio se presenta la adaptación y validación del Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) en mujeres con y sin trastorno alimentario. La muestra incluyó 58 pacientes mujeres con trastorno alimentario y 237 mujeres estudiantes universitarias de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) de entre 18 y 34 años. En función de la presencia o ausencia de trastorno alimentario se formaron 2 grupos de comparación. Se halló que en ambos grupos la solución de 4 factores propuesta en la versión original de la escala es la más adecuada, excluyendo los ítems 19 y 20. La solución de 4 factores explica el 58% (mujeres con trastorno alimentario) y el 61% (mujeres sin trastorno alimentario) de la varianza total. El α de Cronbach de la escala total fue de 0.91 (mujeres con trastorno alimentario) y de 0.94 (mujeres sin trastorno alimentario). Asimismo, se observaron indicadores de validez concurrente y de constructo. En conclusión, la versión argentina del SATAQ-3 presentó indicadores adecuados de validez y consistencia interna, resultando un instrumento promisorio para la evaluación de diferentes dimensiones de las influencias socioculturales sobre la imagen corporal en mujeres con y sin trastorno alimentario.

In this study is presented the adaptation and validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) in women with and without eating disorders. The sample included 58 patients with eating disorders and 237 university students from Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), aged between 18 and 34. Two comparison groups were formed according to the presence or absence of eating disorders. In both groups, the four-factor solution proposed in the original version of the scale is the most appropriate (excluding items 19 and 20). This four-factor solution explained 58% (women with eating disorders) and 61% (women without eating disorders) of the total variance. Cronbach's α for the total scale was .91 (women with eating disorders) and .94 (women without eating disorders). Concurrent and construct validity were also evidenced. This study shows appropriate indicators of validity and internal consistency for the Argentine version of SATAQ-3. Therefore, it is a promising instrument for the assessment of different dimensions of sociocultural influence towards appearance among women with and without eating disorders.

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Resumen La Organización Mundial de la Salud plantea que las tasas de incidencia y prevalencia de obesidad están alcanzando cifras alarmantes a nivel mundial desde mediados del siglo pasado, convirtiéndola en un problema sanitario de primera magnitud. En esta misma línea, en Argentina, la obesidad se ha convertido en una grave amenaza para la salud pública. A partir de ello, se han generado a nivel nacional diferentes documentos y dispositivos orientados a la prevención y tratamiento del sobrepeso, la obesidad y las consecuencias asociadas. Estas medidas incluyen leyes, resoluciones, guías prácticas, planes y programas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión de documentos y dispositivos provistos en el marco de políticas públicas de salud así como también tasas de prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad a nivel nacional. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica, se identificó una serie de políticas implementadas desde la nación para combatir la obesidad. Sin embargo, el relevamiento realizado a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo en los años 2005, 2009 y 2013, evidencia un ininterrumpido crecimiento de las tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad en Argentina. Se discuten los resultados y se proponen futuras líneas de trabajo en relación con esta problemática.

Abstract The World Health Organization raises that the incidence and prevalence of obesity rates are reaching alarming levels in most countries, since the middle of the last century, turning it into a health problem of first magnitude. In Argentina, obesity has also become a serious threat to public health. From this situation, it has been generated different documents and devices aimed at the prevention and treatment of overweight, obesity and associated consequences. These measures include laws, resolutions, practical guides, plans and programs. The aim of this study is to present a review of documents and devices provided by public health policies, and prevalence national rates of overweight and obesity. From the literature review, a series of implemented policies against obesity were identified. However, National Survey of Risk Factors conducted in 2005, 2009 and 2013, provides data that show an uninterrupted growth in rates of overweight and obesity in Argentina. Results are discussed and future lines of work related to this important health problem are proposed.

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El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la estructura factorial y la consistencia interna del Inventario de Trastornos Alimentarios-3 (EDI-3) en adolescentes mujeres de Buenos Aires (Argentina). 725 estudiantes de escuelas secundarias, entre 13 y 19 años, completaron el EDI-3 y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se evaluaron diferentes soluciones factoriales. La solución más satisfactoria se alcanzó al explorar, por un lado, los ítems de las tres escalas de riesgo de trastorno alimentario (buena estructura, varianza explicada 46,7%) y por el otro, los ítems de las escalas psicológicas (estructura parcialmente diferente de la teórica, varianza explicada: 44,1%). El cómputo por Índices (agrupación de distintas escalas propuesta por el autor) se adecua más a la versión original. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna fueron adecuados en la mayoría de las escalas. Al analizar la capacidad discriminante de los ítems, se observó un "efecto suelo" en algunas escalas, siendo esto esperable en población general. Se concluye que el EDI-3 resulta un instrumento estructuralmente válido para la evaluación de riesgo de trastorno alimentario en población general y, en consecuencia, su detección temprana. Se discute el uso del instrumento en población general.

The aim of this study is to explore the factor structure and internal consistency of the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) among female adolescents from Buenos Aires (Argentina). 725 high school students, aged 13 to 19 years, completed the EDI-3 and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Different factor solutions were evaluated. The most satisfactory solution was reached to explore, first, the items of the three Eating Disorder Risk Scales (good structure, variance explained = 46.7%) and on the other, items of the Psychological Scales (with partial divergence from theoretical structure, variance explained = 44.1%). The computation of Composites (combining different scales proposed by the author) fitted more closely to the original version. Internal consistency coefficients for most scales were adequate. In analyzing the discriminatory power of the items, it was found a "floor effect" on some scales, this being expected in general population. We conclude that the EDI-3 is a valid instrument for the assessment of risk for eating disorders in general population and, consequently, its early detection. We discuss the use of this instrument in general population.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate risk of eating disorder (ED) and perfectionism in school girls and boys, and to analyze whether there is an association between both variables. The sample was composed by 337 children (51% girls-49% boys) aged between 9 and 13 years. A two-stage study was carried out. In the first stage, the children completed the following instruments: Sociodemographic questionnaire, Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), Cuestionario de Perfeccionismo Infantil-Child Perfectionism Questionnaire- and Child/adolescent Version of the Silhouette Rating Scale. They were weighed and measured by a nutritionist, according to the rules of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría. In the second stage, the children at risk for ED and a control group were interviewed in order to confirm or not such risk. After the first stage, a possible risk for ED was identified in a 30.56% of children. After the second stage, the risk was confirmed in a 9.79% of the children from the total sample, with no gender differences in this variable. It was found a significant positive association between the ChEAT total scores and the total score of Perfectionism measure. Finally, it was concluded that perfectionism is a key variable associated to risk for ED in children.

El presente estudio se propone evaluar riesgo de trastorno alimentario (TA) y perfeccionismo en niñas y niños escolarizados y analizar si existe asociación entre ambas variables. La muestra estuvo conformada por 337 niños (51% niñas-49% varones) de entre 9 y 13 años. Se realizó un estudio en dos fases. En la primera, los niños completaron los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Test de Actitudes Alimentarias para Niños (ChEAT), Cuestionario de Perfeccionismo Infantil y Escala de Siluetas para niños y adolescentes. Fueron pesados y medidos por una nutricionista, según normas de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría. En la segunda fase, los niños en riesgo de TA y un grupo control fueron entrevistados con el fin de corroborar o no dicho riesgo. Tras la primera fase se identificó un 30.56% de niños con posible riesgo de TA. Luego de la segunda fase se confirmó el riesgo en un 9.79% de los niños de la muestra total, no existiendo diferencias por sexo en esta variable. Se halló una asociación significativa positiva entre la puntuación total del ChEAT y la puntuación total en la medida de Perfeccionismo. Finalmente, se puede concluir que el perfeccionismo constituye una variable asociada al riesgo de TA en niños.

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Durante los últimos años se ha postulado al perfeccionismo como un constructo multidimensional con aspectos tanto adaptativos como desadaptativos. Dicha distinción, sin embargo, ha sido discutida por diversos autores sin existir actualmente un claro consenso acerca del tema. El presente trabajo intenta dar cuenta del modo en que se presentan estas dos dimensiones en el campo específico de los trastornos alimentarios. Con este objetivo se analizaron los estudios publicados desde el año 1991 que evaluaron perfeccionismo adaptativo y desadaptativo en dichos trastornos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de los trabajos disponibles en las bases de datos EBSCO, PubMed y PsycINFO. Tal como ocurre en el campo del estudio del perfeccionismo en general, los estudios sobre la multidimensionalidad del constructo en trastornos alimentarios arrojan resultados diversos y dispares entre sí. Tal como predice la teoría que postula la existencia de dos dimensiones claramente distinguibles de perfeccionismo, algunos estudios indican una asociación entre los trastornos alimentarios y la dimensión desadaptativa de perfeccionismo. Otros trabajos, sin embargo, señalan asociaciones entre dichos trastornos y la dimensión adaptativa de perfeccionismo. Se analizan los resultados de estos últimos a los ines de realizar un aporte a la discusión sobre la multidimensionalidad del constructo.

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El objetivo del presente estudio es dar cuenta de la relación entre el perfeccionismo en sus tres dimensiones (Altos Estándares -AE-, Orden -O- y Discrepancia-D-) y la calidad de vida percibida (CV) en tres muestras de estudiantes universitarios de las carreras de Psicología, Medicina e Ingeniería de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. La muestra estuvo conformada por 476 estudiantes que completaron los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, la almost Perfect Scale-revised (APS-R, Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001; adaptación: Arana, Keegan, & Rutsztein, 2009) y el Inventario de Calidad de Vida Percibida (ICV, Mikulic, 2006). Los resultados sugieren una asociación signiicativa para un aspecto del perfeccionismo positivo (O) y una alta CV percibida, y para el perfeccionismo negativo (D) en relación a una baja CV percibida. Diferencias halladas en las diversas carreras para estas dimensiones indican la necesidad de atender a las variables contextuales especíicas para el análisis de este constructo.

The aim of this study is to account for the relationship between perfectionism in its three dimensions (High Standards -HS-, Order -O-, and Discrepancy -D-) and the perceived quality of life (QL) in three samples of university students of Psychology, Medicine and Engineering of the City of Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 476 students who completed the following in struments: Socio-demographic questionnaire, the Almost Perfect Scale-revised (APS-R, Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001; adaptation: Arana, Keegan, & Rutsztein, 2009) and the Inventario de Calidad de Vida Percibida (ICV, Mikulic, 2006). Results suggest a signiicant association for one aspect of positive perfectionism (O) and a perceived high QL, and for negative perfectionism (D) and a perceived low QL. Differences found for these dimensions in the students of each career indicate the need to pay attention to specific contextual variables for the analysis of this construct.