RESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: El VIH/sida afecta a personas de todo el mundo, de diferentes edades, sexos y clases sociales. Por lo tanto, conocer el perfil de las personas que viven con VIH/sida es de suma importancia para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y tratamiento. Objetivo: Identificar el perfil epidemiológico de las personas que viven con el VIH/sida y las diferencias en función del sexo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en dos clínicas especializadas en la atención de personas con VIH/sida ubicados en la ciudad de Ribeirao Preto, en el estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Los participantes del estudio fueron 331 (50,9 por ciento) personas que buscaron atención de 2007 a 2010. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas con un cuestionario específico para el estudio. Fue realizado la prueba de chi-cuadrado para analizar la asociación entre las variables. Resultados: Las variables estado civil (p < 0,001), educación (p = 0,001), ingreso (p < 0,001), presencia de comorbilidades (p = 0,004) y tiempo del diagnóstico (p < 0,001) mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la comparación entre los sexos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las personas que viven con el VIH/sida que participaron en este estudio eran jóvenes, con bajo nivel educativo e informaron que habían sido infectados por vía sexual. Además, al evaluar las diferencias entre los sexos, se identificó que las variables la educación, el ingreso, comorbilidades y el tiempo de diagnóstico mostraron diferencias significativas(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: HIV/AIDS affects people all over the world, of different ages, sexes and social classes. Therefore, knowing the profile of people living with HIV/AIDS is of paramount importance for the development of prevention and treatment strategies. Objective: To identify the epidemiological profile of people living with HIV/AIDS and their differences regarding sex. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted in two clinics specialized in the care of people with HIV/AIDS and located in the city of Ribeirao Preto, in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study participants were 331 (50.9 percent) people who sought care from 2007 to 2010. The data was collected through interviews with a specific questionnaire for the study. The chi-square test was performed in order to analyze the association between the variables. Results: The variables marital status (p< 0.001), education (p=0.001), incomes (p < 0.001), presence of comorbidities (p=0.004), and time of diagnosis (p < 0.001) showed a statistically significant difference in the comparison regarding sex. Conclusions: Most people living with HIV/AIDS who participated in this study were young, had low educational level and reported that they had been infected through sexual contact. In addition, when evaluating the differences regarding sex, it was identified that the variables education, income, comorbidities and time of diagnosis showed significant differences(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV/patogenicidade , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados/métodosRESUMO
This study sought subsidies for improving nursing care programs for AIDS patients and aimed to verify the influence of changes in sexual behavior, including the adoption of safe sex practices, associated with the survival of AIDS patients with immunogenetic markers of rapid disease progression. 27 AIDS patients were interviewed, with genetic predisposition to rapid progression to AIDS. Genes were typified through the polymerase chain reaction. In spite of the presence of immunogenetic factors, associated with individual predisposition to a rapid evolution of the disease, changes in sexual behavior, including safe sex practices and antiretroviral therapy, may be related to greater survival. This suggests that counseling, detection of risk attitudes and health education, focusing on positive health behavior, are tools nursing must use with HIV-positive patients, with a view to better quality of life and greater survival among these individuals, even among those with genetic predisposition to rapid disease progression.