RESUMO
During 2014, cutaneous lesions were reported in dairy cattle and farmworkers in the Amazon Region of western Colombia. Samples from 6 patients were analyzed by serologic and PCR testing, and results demonstrated the presence of vaccinia virus and pseudocowpox virus. These findings highlight the need for increased poxvirus surveillance in Colombia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Poxviridae/virologia , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/isolamento & purificação , Vaccinia virus/isolamento & purificação , Vacínia/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Bovinos , Criança , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fazendeiros , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologia , Vacínia/epidemiologia , Vaccinia virus/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been implicated in infections of dairy cattle and humans, and outbreaks have substantially impacted local economies and public health in Brazil. During a 2005 outbreak, a VACV strain designated Serro 2 virus (S2V) was collected from a 30-year old male milker. Our aim was to phenotypically and genetically characterize this VACV Brazilian isolate. S2V produced small round plaques without associated comets when grown in BSC40 cells. Furthermore, S2V was less virulent than the prototype strain VACV-Western Reserve (WR) in a murine model of intradermal infection, producing a tiny lesion with virtually no surrounding inflammation. The genome of S2V was sequenced by primer walking. The coding region spans 184,572 bp and contains 211 predicted genes. Mutations in envelope genes specifically associated with small plaque phenotypes were not found in S2V; however, other alterations in amino acid sequences within these genes were identified. In addition, some immunomodulatory genes were truncated in S2V. Phylogenetic analysis using immune regulatory-related genes, besides the hemagglutinin gene, segregated the Brazilian viruses into two clusters, grouping the S2V into Brazilian VACV group 1. S2V is the first naturally-circulating human-associated VACV, with a low passage history, to be extensively genetically and phenotypically characterized.
Assuntos
Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vaccinia virus/genética , Vaccinia virus/isolamento & purificação , Vacínia/virologia , Adulto , Animais , Brasil , Linhagem Celular , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Genes Virais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Homologia de Sequência , Vacínia/patologia , Vaccinia virus/classificação , Vaccinia virus/fisiologia , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Virulência , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Limited serosurveillance studies suggested that orthopoxviruses (OPXV) are widespread in the US (e.g., Raccoonpox virus, Skunkpox virus, Volepox virus) and Brazil (Vaccinia virus); however, their animal reservoir(s) remain unconfirmed. Mexican mammal diversity includes several species related to those in which evidence for OPXV infections has been found (Oryzomys, Peromyscus, Microtus, and Procyonidae). The presence of these groups of mammals in Mexico and the evidence of their possible involvement in the maintenance of OPXV in nature suggest the same or similar OPXV are circulating in Mexico. We tested 201 sera from 129 procyonids via modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) to estimate OPXV antibody prevalence in these animals. We detected a prevalence of 16.67% in Nasua narica (white-nosed coati), 35% in Procyon lotor (raccoon), and 30.4% in Bassariscus astutus (ring-tailed cat) when tested by either ELISA or WB. Western blot results presented protein bands consistent with the size of some OPXV immunodominant bands (14, 18, 32, 36, and 62 kDa). These results support the hypothesis that OPXV circulate in at least three genera of Procyonidae in Central and Southeast Mexico.
Assuntos
Orthopoxvirus , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Procyonidae/virologia , Animais , Brasil , Gatos , México , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Serum from Mexican grey squirrels (Sciurus aureogaster) from Mexico City reacted to Orthopoxvirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time PCR based on oral swabs and scabs did not detect viral DNA. Antibody prevalence was 30% (n=366), providing the first evidence of Orthopoxvirus antibodies in Mexican wild rodents.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Orthopoxvirus/imunologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Sciuridae , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/virologia , Prevalência , Doenças dos Roedores/virologiaRESUMO
Although the World Health Organization (WHO) declared global smallpox eradicated in 1980, concerns over emergent poxvirus infections have increased. Most poxvirus infections are zoonotic; exploring their genetic diversity will illuminate the genetic and evolutionary aspects of poxvirus infections, ecology, and epidemiology. In recent decades, several strains of the orthopoxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) have been isolated throughout Brazil, including genetically distinct isolates within the same outbreak. To further investigate the diversity and origins of these viruses, we analyzed molecular data from 8 Brazilian VACV isolates and compared several genes involved in virus structure and pathogenicity. Genetic variation among isolates suggests that ancestral Brazilian VACVs existed before the beginning of the WHO smallpox eradication vaccination campaigns and that these viruses continue to circulate.