RESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and, as such, is important for public health. The increased incidence of this neoplasm is attributed to non-modifiable controls such as family history and modifiable variable behavioral risk factors involved in lifestyle like diets in Mexico. The presence of these factors is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate family history and lifestyle factors associated with developing colorectal cancer in a Mexican population. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (OR), as well as the 95% confidence intervals (CI). In this paper, significant differences were demonstrated between cases and controls. A family history of cancer (FHC) increased the probability of CRC [OR = 3.19 (95% CI: 1.81-5.60)]. The area of urban residence was found to be a protective factor compared to the rural area. This was also the case for frequent consumption of fruits [OR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.28-0.88)], the frequent consumption of beef [OR = 2.95 (95% CI: 1.05-8.26)], pork [OR = 3.26 (95% CI: 1.34-7.90)], and region-typical fried food [OR = 2.79 (95% CI (1.32-5.89)]. These results provide additional evidence supporting the association of some CRC risk factors with family history of cancer, low fruit consumption, high consumption of red meat, and fried foods typical of the region of México. It is important to establish intervention methods, as well as genetic counseling to relatives of patients with CRC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Bovinos , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Dieta , Hábitos , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that resist biochemical degradation, moving long distances across the atmosphere before deposition occurs. Our goal was to provide up-to-date data on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in breast milk from Chilean women and to estimate the exposure of infants due to breast milk consumption. In Chile, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on methodologies proposed by the WHO, with a sample of 30 women recruited from three defined areas: 10 from the Arica Region (urban; Arica and Parinacota Region), 10 from Coltauco (rural; O'Higgins Region), and 10 from Molina (40% rural; Maule Region). High-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was performed on pooled samples from each area. We calculated equivalent toxic concentrations (WHO-TEQ) based on the current WHO Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEF). The minimum and maximum values of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs-TEQ were 4.317 pg TEQ/g fat in Coltauco and 6.31 pg TEQ/g fat in Arica. Molina had a total TEQ of 5.50 pg TEQ/g fat. The contribution of PCDD/Fs was approximately five-fold higher than that of DL-PCBs. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs based on the three pooled samples ranged between 6.71 and 26.28 pg TEQ/kg body weight (bw)/day, with a mean intake of 16.11 (±6.71) pg TEQ/kg bw/day in breastfed children from 0 to 24 months old. These levels were lower than those reported in international studies. Despite the fact that the observed levels were low compared to those in most industrialized countries, the detection of a variety of POPs in breast milk from Chilean women indicates the need for follow-up studies to determine whether such exposures during childhood could represent a health risk in adulthood.
Assuntos
Benzofuranos , Dioxinas , Bifenilos Policlorados , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas , Adulto , Animais , Benzofuranos/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Dibenzofuranos , Dioxinas/análise , Feminino , Furanos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Leite Humano/química , Projetos Piloto , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Positioning during neurosurgical procedures is a challenge for surgical teams even if precautions are taken, the mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury (elongation, compression or ischaemia) are latent and it is important to know the frequency of occurrence in our environment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of peripheral nerve injury secondary to surgical positioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study including 163 patients scheduled for neurosurgical procedures. Four groups: supine, lateral, ventral and park bench were analyzed by neurological exploration in order to detect injury and relate with risk factors already described. RESULTS: In this study 112 patients were included, two patients who were under park bench position experienced paresthesias in ulnar region of less than 24 hours' duration; statistically significant correlation with body weight greater than 85kg. CONCLUSION: The incidence of peripheral nerve injury is low, understanding the mechanisms that may originate it helps towards prevention and early detection of complications.
Assuntos
Craniotomia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Parestesia/etiologia , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/etiologia , Postura , Nervo Ulnar/lesões , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Comorbidade , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios , Complicações Intraoperatórias/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exame Neurológico , Posicionamento do Paciente , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Design and develop a mobile messaging system called mSalUV, which reminds patients with type 2 diabetes about taking their medication and attending appointments and promotes healthy lifestyles, and explore patient opinion regarding use of the system. METHODS: The study had three stages: 1) design and development of mSalUV; 2) design and development of text messages; and 3) exploration of patient opinion regarding use of mSalUV. RESULTS: The mSalUV system was created and around 40 text messages were designed. A total of 1 850 messages were sent during the 45 day intervention. Patients thought that mSalUV helped them to treat their disease and that it was easy to use, they were inclined to continue using the system in the future, and people close to them (family members and support networks) supported them using it. Furthermore, they perceived the system as "someone that cared about them." CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a system such as mSalUV would be well accepted by its potential users; in this case, people with type 2 diabetes. This presents a very interesting scenario that will enable taking advantage of new technologies for health. Further research is needed to evaluate the system's efficiency and effectiveness.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Envio de Mensagens de Texto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Diseñar y desarrollar un sistema de mensajería móvil llamado mSalUV, que permita recordar a pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 la toma de medicación y la asistencia a citas y que promueva estilos de vida saludables, así como explorar su opinión con respecto al uso del sistema. MÉTODOS: Se consideraron tres etapas: la primera incluyó el diseño y desarrollo de mSalUV. La segunda abarcó el diseño y construcción de los mensajes de texto. La tercera exploró la opinión de los usuarios con respecto al uso de mSalUV. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo el sistema mSalUV, además se diseñaron alrededor de 40 mensajes de texto. Durante los 45 días del período de intervención se envió un total de 1 850 mensajes. Los usuarios opinaron que mSalUV los ayudaba en el tratamiento de su enfermedad, que era de fácil uso, mostraron una actitud favorable para continuar su uso en el futuro, además de que las personas cercanas a ellas (familiares y redes de apoyo), estaban de acuerdo en que lo utilizaran. Por otra parte, percibieron al sistema como "alguien que los quería". CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados presentados nos sugieren que un sistema como mSalUV sería bastante aceptado por los posibles usuarios, en este caso, personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Esto nos plantea un escenario muy interesante que permitirá aprovechar a las nuevas tecnologías en beneficio de la salud. Se requieren más investigaciones para evaluar la eficacia y efectividad del sistema.
OBJECTIVE: Design and develop a mobile messaging system called mSalUV, which reminds patients with type 2 diabetes about taking their medication and attending appointments and promotes healthy lifestyles, and explore patient opinion regarding use of the system. METHODS: The study had three stages: 1) design and development of mSalUV; 2) design and development of text messages; and 3) exploration of patient opinion regarding use of mSalUV. RESULTS: The mSalUV system was created and around 40 text messages were designed. A total of 1 850 messages were sent during the 45 day intervention. Patients thought that mSalUV helped them to treat their disease and that it was easy to use, they were inclined to continue using the system in the future, and people close to them (family members and support networks) supported them using it. Furthermore, they perceived the system as "someone that cared about them." CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a system such as mSalUV would be well accepted by its potential users; in this case, people with type 2 diabetes. This presents a very interesting scenario that will enable taking advantage of new technologies for health. Further research is needed to evaluate the system's efficiency and effectiveness.