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Based on the ethnographic research carried out on speech-based therapies at health centers in marginalized areas of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, this article problematizes the "breaking down" or "being broken" as a local language of afflictions that emerges from the rapidly deteriorating material living conditions related to downward social mobility. Specifically, I analyze how these discomforts turn into narrative in terms of economic and political subjective and collective crises, which combine and hybridize personal experiences with mainstream discourses of the country's recent history. Based on a brief analysis of the changing relationships between psychoanalysis and poverty in the Buenos Aires area, I also examine how speech-based approaches classify these afflictions as "social issues," external to their logic, as they resist to be entirely subdued to current psychological knowledge, categories, and techniques.

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Based on ethnographic research carried out in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, in this article, I analyze the logic of the burden for workers of segregated populations who live on the urban margins under the neoliberal regime. Unlike other languages of afflictions, the language of the logic of the burden resists being subdued completely to psy technologies. In this article, I argue that this challenges how development programs in Buenos Aires metropolitan areas have caused afflictions to people who live in contexts of urban poverty and seek their well-being, led by promises to reach it through work.

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Procaeculus coineaui sp. nov. from Cretaceous Burmese amber is described and its phylogenetic position discussed. This fossil taxon is the first caeculid mite known from Burmese amber and constitutes the earliest record of the family. The genus Procaeculus is redefined to include the new fossil species and internal relationships between genera of the family are discussed based on a phylogenetic hypothesis.

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INTRODUCCIÓN La presente investigación analiza las perspectivas de los profesionales respecto a los alcances y desafíos del paradigma emergente en el tratamiento de los consumos problemáticos de drogas en el contexto actual. OBJETIVOS Describir y analizar los lineamientos generales y la fundamentación de los marcos normativos referentes a los tratamientos en consumo problemático de drogas, Describir y analizar los abordajes asistenciales y preventivos propuestos, Describir y analizar las perspectivas profesionales en torno a las fortalezas y desafíos de dichos lineamientos en relación a la puesta en práctica. MÉTODOS El estudio fue exploratorio y descriptivo. Se realizó una muestra intencional y se entrevistó a 30 profesionales relacionados/as directa o indirectamente al área de adicciones. El tipo de análisis que se realizó fue de contenido crítico y descriptivo. RESULTADOS Las/os entrevistados coinciden en que a través de la legislación en salud mental se creó un escenario de ampliación de derechos, Si bien el abstencionismo sigue siendo el modelo hegemónico en la atención de los usos de drogas, se ha observado la incorporación de algunos aspectos del modelo de reducción de daños en algunos tratamientos, La plena implementación de la LSM en la práctica se enfrenta con varios obstáculos.DISCUSIÓN Si bien hay avances, también hay retrocesos y resistencias para un cambio de paradigma en relación a los modos de tratar los usos de drogas. A pesar de las nuevas disposiciones basadas en los derechos de los usuarios, éstos continúan en la práctica siendo estigmatizados y vulnerados en sus derechos básicos. Así es que continúan siendo "expulsados" de algunas instituciones y/o "excluidos" o "descartados" de tantas otras. La impronta de un paradigma afín a la ley de salud mental se enfrenta a menudo con resistencias de la propia población, y de algunos profesionales e instituciones. Esto se debe a que la letra escrita de la ley debe necesariamente ir acompañada por cambios en otras dimensiones que hagan posible su adecuada implementación

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RESUMEN Las etnografías sobre problemas de salud en poblaciones que viven bajo condiciones de desigualdad, pobreza y segregación han proliferado en Sudamérica durante las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en problematizar, de forma preliminar, ciertos patrones en las relaciones y posiciones de los etnógrafos respecto de los sujetos y de las poblaciones, tanto en el trabajo de campo como en la escritura de los resultados. Analizando dichas posiciones, este artículo examina su relación con las orientaciones teóricas dominantes en la región. Además, explora, brevemente, los poderes de resolución, las sensibilidades, los mapas teóricos y de los sentidos de algunas posiciones a la luz de los desafíos de las lógicas de poder, las economías simbólicas y las diversas variantes de acumulación por desposesión dominantes en esta geográfica.

ABSTRACT Ethnographies on health issues in populations that live in conditions of poverty, inequality and segregation have proliferated over the last decades in South America. The aim of this article is to problematize - preliminarily - certain patterns in the positions and relations of ethnographers with respect to study subjects and populations during their fieldwork and in the writing of study results. This paper examines the relationships between these ethnographic positions and the dominant theoretical perspectives in the region. In addition, this article explores briefly the resolution power as well as the sensibilities, theoretical maps, and meanings of such positions in light of power logics, symbolic economies, and diverse manners of accumulation by dispossession in this geographical area.

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Ethnographies on health issues in populations that live in conditions of poverty, inequality and segregation have proliferated over the last decades in South America. The aim of this article is to problematize - preliminarily - certain patterns in the positions and relations of ethnographers with respect to study subjects and populations during their fieldwork and in the writing of study results. This paper examines the relationships between these ethnographic positions and the dominant theoretical perspectives in the region. In addition, this article explores briefly the resolution power as well as the sensibilities, theoretical maps, and meanings of such positions in light of power logics, symbolic economies, and diverse manners of accumulation by dispossession in this geographical area.

Las etnografías sobre problemas de salud en poblaciones que viven bajo condiciones de desigualdad, pobreza y segregación han proliferado en Sudamérica durante las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en problematizar, de forma preliminar, ciertos patrones en las relaciones y posiciones de los etnógrafos respecto de los sujetos y de las poblaciones, tanto en el trabajo de campo como en la escritura de los resultados. Analizando dichas posiciones, este artículo examina su relación con las orientaciones teóricas dominantes en la región. Además, explora, brevemente, los poderes de resolución, las sensibilidades, los mapas teóricos y de los sentidos de algunas posiciones a la luz de los desafíos de las lógicas de poder, las economías simbólicas y las diversas variantes de acumulación por desposesión dominantes en esta geográfica.

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Partiendo de los resultados de un estudio etnográfico desarrollado en dos barrios pobres del sur del Gran Buenos Aires, en este artículo, examino las consecuencias de la criminalización del consumo de drogas, en los vínculos entre instituciones de salud y usuarios/as de drogas que viven bajo condiciones de pobreza y marginación social. Específicamente, defino y caracterizo la lógica de la sospecha, es decir, aquel conjunto de prácticas simbólicas que incluye desde la duda, la desconfianza, la sospecha, la modificación del significado de los mensajes, la dificultad de fijar la intencionalidad del interlocutor hasta la elaboración de teorías sobre planes de aniquilación de determinados grupos sociales. Partiendo del análisis de una dispersión de experiencias, narraciones, posiciones, actitudes y elaboraciones, examino a la sospecha que estructura esta lógica como una barrera entre los usuarios/as de drogas y las instituciones de salud

. Based on results of the ethnographic research that were carried out in two shantytowns located in the Greater Buenos Aires, in this paper, I exam the criminalization of drug use and its multiple consequences on the bonds between health institutions and poor and marginalized consumers. Specifically, I define and characterize what I named "the logic of suspicion". This logic refers to a diverse set of symbolic practices that includes: doubt, distrust, suspicion, alteration in the meaning of messages from state institutions, difficulties to determine the intentionality of other people and construction of theories about annihilation plans. By analyzing drug users experiences, narratives, positions, attitudes and constructions, in this article I interpret the logic of suspicion as a barrier that regulates the gap and types of bonds between drug users and health institutions

Partindo dos resultados de um estudo etnográfico desenvolvido em dois bairros pobres do Sul do Gran Buenos Aires, examino, neste artigo, as consequências da consideração criminosa do consumo de drogas, nos vínculos entre instituições de saúde e usuários/as de drogas que vivem sob condições de pobreza e marginação social. Especificamente, defino e caracterizo a lógica da suspeita, quer dizer, aquele conjunto de práticas simbólicas que parte da dúvida, a desconfiança, a suspeita, a modificação do significado das mensagens, a dificuldade de fixar a intencionalidade do interlocutor e chegar até a elaboração de teorias relativas aos planos de aniquilação de determinados grupos sociais. Partindo da análise da dispersão de experiências, narrativas, posições, atitudes e elaborações, examino a suspeita que estrutura esta lógica como una barreira entre os usuários/as de drogas e as instituições de saúde

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Based on ethnographic research carried out in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, this paper examines the views of social actors on the psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy focused on marginalized populations. From Foucault's perspective on the forms of truth-telling, the aim of this paper is to analyze, as a preliminary research report, treatments according to the native ways of speaking and listening, which dominate the description of therapeutic experiences of patients who come to the treatment without any professional intermediation. The neoliberal transformations of the past decades in Argentina changed both the landscape of the public health system and the daily lives of marginalized people. Considering such changes, this paper examines the ways in which verbal actions (speaking and listening) take place in psychotherapy and mark the course not only of treatments but also the temporal rhythms of their development, and their various levels of efficacy. Finally, the discussion focuses on how ways of speaking and listening in treatments are modeled not only by institutional dynamics but also by the characteristics these verbal activities take in everyday life under the logics of power that prevail over them.

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ResumenPartiendo de los resultados de la etnografía que vengo desarrollando desde el año 2013 en Centros de Salud en un barrio del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, el objetivo de este trabajo consiste en problematizar la escucha, es decir, los modos de escuchar en su diversidad que participan como tecnologías en dichos tratamientos centrados en la palabra y orientadas a sectores populares y poblaciones marginalizadas. A través de la articulación de las perspectivas que en Antropología abordan las psicoterapias y tecnologías psi en contextos de pobreza urbana por un lado, y aquellas que estudian los sentidos, por el otro, en este trabajo los modos de escuchar son analizados en términos de acciones corporales, perceptuales y expresivas. Finalmente, se describen y analizan diferentes modalidades de escucha psicológica (reductora, fragmentaria y en formación), a través del reconocimiento de tres procesos que atraviesan los modos de escuchar en las psicoterapias y que se corresponden con las tensiones producidas por los modos de gobierno de lo sensible, de la pobreza y de la marginación en contextos de pobreza urbana.

AbstractPsychoanalysis in Argentina has been studied by different approaches and Social Sciences; however, only a few studies have investigated it within the public health system, specifically in hospitals. Based on the results of the ethnographic research carried out in Health Centers in a neighborhood of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, this paper aimed to problematize the listening technique, specifically, the modes of listening that participate in those treatments based on speech and orientated to marginalized populations. By articulating the anthropological perspectives on health, psychotherapies and psy technologies on the one hand, and on the sense on the other, in this paper the modes of listening are understood and analyzed as perceptual, corporal and expressive actions. Finally, based on a ethnographic approach, it is suggested that to hear and to listen, being listened and to speak within the treatments, can be understood as only one case related to a complex set that these actions are carried out in everyday life.

ResumoA partir de diferentes disciplinas e perspectivas tem se pesquisado as diversas técnicas, orientações e desenvolvimentos da psicanálise na Argentina; no entanto, somente alguns poucos estudos se dedicaram a pesquisar as psicoterapias e a psicanálise no sistema público de saúde, especificamente em hospitais. Partindo dos resultados da etnografia que vem sendo realizada desde 2013 em Centros de Saúde em um bairro da Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, este trabalho tem por objetivo problematizar a escuta. Isto é, os modos de escutar em sua diversidade que participam como tecnologias nos tratamentos centrados na palavra e orientados às populações marginalizadas. Através da articulação das perspectivas antropológicas que abordam as psicoterapias e tecnologias psi em populações marginalizadas e aquelas que estudam os sentidos, serão analisados aqui os modos de escutar em termos de ações corporais, de modo perceptivo e expressivo. Finalmente, e baseada em uma aproximação etnográfica da comunidade/bairro, o ouvir e o escutar, o ser escutado e o falar nos tratamentos centrados na palavra, se convertem em uma variação entre os diversos modos que estas ações assumem na vida cotidiana destas populações.

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The internment process in therapeutic communities (TC) involves a multiplicity of therapeutic practices and strategies geared to abstinence from drug usage. According to the specialists' own regulations and explicit objectives, the residents must not only abandon the consumption of substances but also adopt new practices, attitudes, emotions and significances through the use of therapeutic techniques that allow them to adapt to the structure of the organization that these institutions impose. Based on the results of the ethnographic survey carried out between 2009 and 2010 in three TCs of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina, the scope of this article is to analyze from a sociological and anthropological standpoint the "therapeutic tools" that comprise the treatment, the subject models that underlie these tools, the consequences that they may produce and their participation in the subjectivity production processes. For this purpose, we focus on analysis of "confrontation" as a privileged and omnipresent strategy of subjectivation in these therapeutic contexts, in order to reveal the epistemological, economic, political and ethical dimensions in the de-subjectivation process of the institutionalized drug user.

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