RESUMO
The early results of 79 patients who underwent left ventricular aneurysmectomy with geometric and circular reconstruction in a seven-year experience are analyzed. The most common indication for operation was congestive heart failure (78.4%), either isolated (25.3%) or with angina (53.1%). Sixty patients (76%) were in NYHA class III and 10 (12.6%) in NYHA class IV at the time of surgery. Fifty-eight (73.4%) underwent coronary artery by-pass graft surgery. Hospital mortality was 5.1%, in patients older than 60 (12%), in NYHA class IV (20%), with poor left ventricular function (EF < 0.30-20% and LVED > 25) (14%), and with extensive coronary artery disease (10%) were under increased risk. Low cardiac output and use of intra-aortic balloon pump were also associated risk factors. Other risk factors mentioned in the literature are discussed. There were no deaths from isolated left ventricular aneurysmectomy. The early results of this study and the early and late results of others using the same technique are better than the results obtained in previous studies of different types of correction, suggesting that this is the procedure of choice for treating left ventricular aneurysm.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Cardíaco/cirurgia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/etiologia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Aneurisma Cardíaco/complicações , Aneurisma Cardíaco/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Ventrículos do Coração , Humanos , Masculino , Métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Fatores de Risco , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: One of the indications for the rapidly expanding use of thoracoscopic surgery as an alternative to thoracotomy is the excision of peripheral lung nodules. Nodules judged too small or too far from the pleural surface to be seen or palpated during thoracoscopy must be localized beforehand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of percutaneous placement of spring hookwires to localize such nodules before video-assisted thoracoscopy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Under CT guidance, 17 nodules in 14 patients were preoperatively localized with the Kopans breast lesion localization system. Three patients who had solitary nodules had thoracoscopic resections for diagnosis because a previous transthoracic needle or transbronchial biopsy had been unsuccessful. Four patients who had lesions less than 8 mm in diameter had thoracoscopic biopsies because transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy was not likely to be diagnostic. Seven patients, who had a total of 10 nodules, had therapeutic wedge resections of either limited metastases or a second bronchogenic carcinoma. Mean nodule diameter was 10 mm (range, 3-20 mm). The mean distance from nodule to costal pleura was 9 mm (range, 0-25 mm). At the end of the procedure, wire placement was confirmed by CT scanning. After thoracoscopy, the surgeons were questioned about the stability and utility of each hookwire localization. RESULTS: In all 17 procedures, a hookwire was placed successfully. In one case, the wire dislodged before thoracoscopy (after a 6-hr preoperative delay and severe bending of the wire during induction of anesthesia). In 16 of the 17 resections, the surgeon thought that thoracoscopic identification of the lesion would not have been possible without hookwire localization. Only one localization, across a major fissure, required placement of a second wire to localize a nodule. Wire-related complications included two instances of serious pain, five cases of clinically insignificant pneumothorax, and one large pneumothorax requiring drainage before a second nodule in the same lung was localized. CT scanning showed presumed local pulmonary hemorrhage in six cases without hemoptysis or hemothorax. CONCLUSION: CT-guided hookwire localization is easily and safely performed and permits thoracoscopic resection of lung nodules, which might otherwise be impossible.