RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease and public health concern, is associated with various factors such as biological, social, economical conditions and climate, increasing the risk of human infection. Understanding the population dynamics of the vectors, like Pintomyia longiflocosa, and its relationship with ecological variables is crucial for developing effective strategies to control sand fly populations and combat cutaneous leishmaniasis in a tropical country like Colombia. METHODOLOGY: Adult sand flies were collected in three different sample locations: outdoor, indoor, and peri-domestic areas in three houses located in the rural settlement of Campoalegre (Huila) between February 2020 and February 2021, using the CDC light traps. The sand fly density was quantified and associated with the sample locations and the sampling months using Analysis of Variance and Pearson correlations. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the period of the sample, 98.86% of sand fly collected was identified as Pi. longiflocosa. The density of this species was significantly different between males and females, the latter contributing more to density in all sample locations (P<0.0001). The outdoor was the sample location with the highest and most significative density in this study (70%, P = 0.04). The density of these sand flies is related to the seasonality of Campoalegre, revealing a density peak from February and June to October (P < 0.05). Finally, precipitation is the environmental variable prominently linked to the density pattern, showing a negative correlation with it. Months with the highest precipitations show the lowest values of Pi. longiflocosa abundance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNICANCE: Our investigation reveals a inverse correlation between precipitation levels and the abundance of Pi. longiflocosa in Campoalegre (Huila), particularly in outdoor areas. This suggests that vector control strategies to periods of reduced precipitation in outdoor settings could offer an effective approach to minimizing cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Psychodidae , Animais , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissão , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Estações do Ano , Dinâmica Populacional , Análise Espaço-TemporalRESUMO
Since 1984, Anopheles (Kerteszia) lepidotus has been considered a mosquito species that is involved in the transmission of malaria in Colombia, after having been incriminated as such with epidemiological evidence from a malaria outbreak in Cunday-Villarrica, Tolima. Subsequent morphological analyses of females captured in the same place and at the time of the outbreak showed that the species responsible for the transmission was not An. lepidotus, but rather Anopheles pholidotus. However, the associated morphological stages and DNA sequences of An. pholidotus from the foci of Cunday-Villarrica had not been analysed. Using samples that were caught recently from the outbreak region, the purpose of this study was to provide updated and additional information by analysing the morphology of female mosquitoes, the genitalia of male mosquitoes and fourth instar larvae of An. pholidotus, which was confirmed with DNA sequences of cytochrome oxidase I and rDNA internal transcribed spacer. A total of 1,596 adult females were collected in addition to 37 larval collections in bromeliads. Furthermore, 141 adult females, which were captured from the same area in the years 1981-1982, were analysed morphologically. Ninety-five DNA sequences were analysed for this study. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that the species present in this region corresponds to An. pholidotus. Given the absence of An. lepidotus, even in recent years, we consider that the species of mosquitoes that was previously incriminated as the malaria vector during the outbreak was indeed An. pholidotus, thus ending the controversy.
Assuntos
Anopheles/anatomia & histologia , Anopheles/genética , Genitália Masculina/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Anopheles/classificação , Sequência de Bases , Colômbia , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Feminino , Larva/anatomia & histologia , Larva/classificação , Larva/genética , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , FilogeniaRESUMO
Since 1984, Anopheles (Kerteszia) lepidotus has been considered a mosquito species that is involved in the transmission of malaria in Colombia, after having been incriminated as such with epidemiological evidence from a malaria outbreak in Cunday-Villarrica, Tolima. Subsequent morphological analyses of females captured in the same place and at the time of the outbreak showed that the species responsible for the transmission was not An. lepidotus, but rather Anopheles pholidotus. However, the associated morphological stages and DNA sequences of An. pholidotus from the foci of Cunday-Villarrica had not been analysed. Using samples that were caught recently from the outbreak region, the purpose of this study was to provide updated and additional information by analysing the morphology of female mosquitoes, the genitalia of male mosquitoes and fourth instar larvae of An. pholidotus, which was confirmed with DNA sequences of cytochrome oxidase I and rDNA internal transcribed spacer. A total of 1,596 adult females were collected in addition to 37 larval collections in bromeliads. Furthermore, 141 adult females, which were captured from the same area in the years 1981-1982, were analysed morphologically. Ninety-five DNA sequences were analysed for this study. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that the species present in this region corresponds to An. pholidotus. Given the absence of An. lepidotus, even in recent years, we consider that the species of mosquitoes that was previously incriminated as the malaria vector during the outbreak was indeed An. pholidotus, thus ending the controversy.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Anopheles/anatomia & histologia , Anopheles/genética , Genitália Masculina/anatomia & histologia , Anopheles/classificação , Sequência de Bases , Colômbia , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Larva/anatomia & histologia , Larva/classificação , Larva/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , FilogeniaRESUMO
On the southwest Pacific Coast of Colombia, a field study was initiated to determine the human-vector association between Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai and fishermen, including their nearby houses. Mosquitoes were collected over 24-h periods from mangrove swamps, marshlands and fishing vessels in three locations, as well as in and around the houses of fishermen. A total of 6,382 mosquitoes were collected. An. neivai was most abundant in mangroves and fishing canoes (90.8%), while Anopheles albimanus was found indoors (82%) and outdoors (73%). One An. neivai and one An. albimanus collected during fishing activities in canoes were positive for Plasmodium vivax , whereas one female An. neivai collected in a mangrove was positive for P. vivax . In the mangroves and fishing canoes, An. neivai demonstrated biting activity throughout the day, peaking between 06:00 pm-07:00 pm and there were two minor peaks at dusk and dawn. These peaks coincided with fishing activities in the marshlands and mangroves, a situation that places the fishermen at risk of contracting malaria when they are performing their daily activities. It is recommended that protective measures be implemented to reduce the risk that fishermen will contract malaria.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Anopheles/fisiologia , Mordeduras e Picadas/epidemiologia , Pesqueiros , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Anopheles/classificação , Anopheles/parasitologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/transmissão , Densidade Demográfica , Plasmodium/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
On the southwest Pacific Coast of Colombia, a field study was initiated to determine the human-vector association between Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai and fishermen, including their nearby houses. Mosquitoes were collected over 24-h periods from mangrove swamps, marshlands and fishing vessels in three locations, as well as in and around the houses of fishermen. A total of 6,382 mosquitoes were collected. An. neivai was most abundant in mangroves and fishing canoes (90.8%), while Anopheles albimanus was found indoors (82%) and outdoors (73%). One An. neivai and one An. albimanus collected during fishing activities in canoes were positive for Plasmodium vivax , whereas one female An. neivai collected in a mangrove was positive for P. vivax . In the mangroves and fishing canoes, An. neivai demonstrated biting activity throughout the day, peaking between 06:00 pm-07:00 pm and there were two minor peaks at dusk and dawn. These peaks coincided with fishing activities in the marshlands and mangroves, a situation that places the fishermen at risk of contracting malaria when they are performing their daily activities. It is recommended that protective measures be implemented to reduce the risk that fishermen will contract malaria.
Assuntos
Anopheles/fisiologia , Mordeduras e Picadas/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Pesqueiros , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Animais , Anopheles/classificação , Anopheles/parasitologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/transmissão , Plasmodium/isolamento & purificação , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cell cultures from insects are a useful methodology in technological and biomedical studies. OBJECTIVE: The present work was aimed at obtaining and characterizing cell cultures derived from Aedes aegypti embryonic tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embryonated eggs were used for embryonic tissue explants in L-15/Grace and MMNP12 culture media, supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and a mixture of 1% antimycotic and antibiotics, at a pH ranging from 6.8 to 7.0. The incubation temperature was 28 degrees C; a CO2 atmosphere was not required. RESULTS: Cell growth was obtained in L-15/Grace medium three weeks after embryonic tissues explants. Six months were required for achieving a confluent monolayer. Twenty-eight serial cell subcultures were carried out from August 2003 to June 2004. Cell morphology was characterized as epithelial in the later subcultures. Karyotype morphometry as well as molecular and isozymatic profiles were established. The cultures were compared with adult samples from the species taken from the same colony and with cell lines derived from other insects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: These cells are an important in vitro system in applied and basic research.
Assuntos
Aedes/citologia , Aedes/embriologia , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Dípteros/citologia , Dípteros/embriologia , Embrião não Mamífero , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The main objective of the present work was to establish and maintain a colony of Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, Riohacha strain, under laboratory conditions and to study its life cycle. The colony's insectary was established from adult male and female mosquitoes collected from peripheral neighborhoods of Riohacha, Colombia. Environmental conditions established in the insectary were 26.5 degrees C average temperature, 80% average relative humidity, and 12 h photoperiodicity. Eight continuous generations were taken into account for maintaining the mosquitoes and analyzing their life cycle. The male mosquito's average life cycle was 26.8 days. The female's cycle was 30.8 days. Analysis of each of the biological stages of development (mean days) produced the following results: egg incubation 4.55 +/- 0.291, larvae 8.28 +/- 0.499, pupae 1.32 +/- 0.215, adult male 12.65 +/- 5.920. and adult female 16.73 +/- 6.034. The Riohacha colony has been maintained for 32 generations in 31 months. Comparison of the Riohacha colony with the previously established Cartagena and Barranquilla colonies showed few differences in the duration of stages of the life cycle between strains.
Assuntos
Ochlerotatus , Animais , Animais de Laboratório , Colômbia , Feminino , Larva , Masculino , Ochlerotatus/fisiologia , PupaRESUMO
Introducción. Los cultivos celulares de insectos son una metodología útil en estudios biomédicos y tecnológicos.Objetivo. El propósito principal del presente trabajo fue obtener y caracterizar cultivos celulares derivados de tejidos embrionarios de Aedes aegypti. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon huevos embrionados para los explantes de tejidos en los medios de cultivos MM/VP12 y L-15/Grace, con suplemento de 20 por ciento de suero fetal bovino y una mezcla al 1 por ciento de antibiótico y antimicótico, con un rango de pH entre 6,8 y 7,0. Los cultivos se incubaron a una temperatura de 28oC sin atmósfera de CO2. Resultados. El crecimiento celular se obtuvo en el medio L-15/Grace, 3 semanas después de haber sido sembrados los tejidos embrionarios; sin embargo, se necesitaron 6 meses para la formación de la monocapa confluente. Desde agosto de 2003 hasta junio de 2004, se habían realizado 28 subcultivos. Las células se caracterizaron morfológicamente; predominaron las formas epitelioides en subcultivos de pases altos. También se reconocieron las particularidades morfométricas del cariotipo y, además, se determinaron los perfiles isoenzimáticos y moleculares de los cultivos celulares, los cuales se compararon con muestras de adultos de la especie tomadas de la misma colonia y con líneas celulares derivadas de otros insectos.Discusión y conclusiones. Estas células representan, potencialmente, un importante sistema in vitro en investigaciones básicas y aplicadas
Assuntos
Aedes/embriologia , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas In Vitro , Vesículas Citoplasmáticas , Isoenzimas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA PolimórficoRESUMO
Lutzomyia spinicrassa is a vector of Leishmania braziliensis in Colombia. This sand fly has a broad geographical distribution in Colombia and Venezuela and it is found mainly in coffee plantations. Baseline biological growth data of L. spinicrassa were obtained under experimental laboratory conditions. The development time from egg to adult ranged from 59 to 121 days, with 12.74 weeks in average. Based on cohorts of 100 females, horizontal life table was constructed. The following predictive parameters were obtained: net rate of reproduction (8.4 females per cohort female), generation time (12.74 weeks), intrinsic rate of population increase (0.17), and finite rate of population increment (1.18). The reproductive value for each class age of the cohort females was calculated. Vertical life tables were elaborated and mortality was described for the generation obtained of the field cohort. In addition, for two successive generations, additive variance and heritability for fecundity were estimated.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida/fisiologia , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Animais de Laboratório , Feminino , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Tábuas de Vida , Masculino , Dinâmica Populacional , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Reprodução/fisiologiaRESUMO
Lutzomyia spinicrassa is a vector of Leishmania braziliensis in Colombia. This sand fly has a broad geographical distribution in Colombia and Venezuela and it is found mainly in coffee plantations. Baseline biological growth data of L. spinicrassa were obtained under experimental laboratory conditions. The development time from egg to adult ranged from 59 to 121 days, with 12.74 weeks in average. Based on cohorts of 100 females, horizontal life table was constructed. The following predictive parameters were obtained: net rate of reproduction (8.4 females per cohort female), generation time (12.74 weeks), intrinsic rate of population increase (0.17), and finite rate of population increment (1.18). The reproductive value for each class age of the cohort females was calculated. Vertical life tables were elaborated and mortality was described for the generation obtained of the field cohort. In addition, for two successive generations, additive variance and heritability for fecundity were estimated.