RESUMO
Composition and floristic diversity of ecosystems subject to overexploitation, such as tropical deciduous forests where copal resin (Bursera bipinnata, Bursera copallifera) is extracted, are of great importance for understanding the ecological functioning of these ecosystems. This study analyzed the species composition and diversity in a natural population subject to copal extraction in San Juan Raboso Izúcar de Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico. A total of 54 sampling units were established, and the number of individuals and crown diameter for each tree species were recorded. For shrubs, succulents, acaulescent rosetophytes and climbers, the number of individuals and the area of cover were quantified. Based on the parameters of abundance, frequency, and relative dominance, the importance value index (IVI) was calculated. Diversity was evaluated using the Shannon index [Formula: see text]. In total, 29 species were identified, distributed across 11 botanical families and 21 genera. The Fabaceae family was the richest, followed by the Burseraceae family, which includes the species that extract copal, but Opuntia streptacantha was the species with the most ecological weight. In this study, the Shannon index [Formula: see text] averaged 1.45, which indicates that the community was mildly diverse.
Assuntos
Bursera , Ecossistema , Humanos , Sulindaco , Florestas , Árvores , Resinas Vegetais/farmacologia , Biodiversidade , Clima TropicalRESUMO
A 68-years-old Hispanic man, complained of night sweats, low grade fewer, unexplained weight loss, and memory problems over 3 months. Abdominal tomography showed multiple intra-abdominal adenopathy and biopsy confirmed classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. He commenced treatment with chemotherapy. Three months later, he had acute onset of inattention, auditory hallucinations and alterations of anterograde memory. The patient developed psychomotor agitation, unresponsive to a combination of neuroleptics and benzodiazepines. Brain MRI showed a small established cerebellar infarction. Electroencephalogram was normal. Tests for toxic metabolic encephalopathy were negative. One oligoclonal IgG bands was found in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which was not observed in corresponding serum, but cell count and protein were normal. Extensive testing for infectious encephalitis was unremarkable. CSF testing for commercially available neural and non-neural autoantibodies was negative. The patient fulfilled the Gultekin diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and methylprednisolone IV 1g/d for 5 days was given. He recovered rapidly, with progressive improvement in memory and psychomotor agitation. After treatment commenced, results for antibodies to mGluR5 in CSF taken prior to treatment were returned as positive. mGluR5 is found on post-synaptic terminals of neurons and microglia and is expressed primarily in the hippocampus and amygdala. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosing this type of encephalitis: the CSF did not show pleocytosis, the MRI showed only chronic change and the electroencephalogram was normal. The dramatic recovery after methylprednisolone help to better characterized the clinical spectrum of auto-immune encephalitis. Diagnosing anti mGlutR5 encephalitis may lead to potentially highly effective treatment option and may anticipate the diagnostic of a cancer. A high index of suspicion is needed to avoid missed diagnosis. In patients with unexplained encephalitis, testing for antibodies to mGluR5 in CSF and serum should be considered. When there is a reasonable index of suspicion of auto-immune encephalitis, treatment should not be delayed for the antibody results.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encefalite/diagnóstico , Doença de Hashimoto/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doença de Hashimoto/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encefalite Límbica/diagnóstico , Receptor de Glutamato Metabotrópico 5/imunologia , Idoso , Encefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Hashimoto/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Encefalite Límbica/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encefalite Límbica/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of premalignant gastric lesions and its relationship with helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study. Between january and june 2008, consecutive subjects of middle and high socioeconomic status were evaluated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a gastric cancer screening in Central FAP Hospital. The demografic, clinic and endoscopic information were analysed. RESULTS: 2616 patients were evaluated. Diagnosis histological of premalignant gastric lesions was made in 187 patients (7.1%) 34 (1.3%) atrophic gastritis (AG), 55 (2.1%), complete intestinal metaplasia (CIM), 92 (3.5%) incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IIM), and 6 (0.2%) dysplasia. The frequency of helicobacter pylori infection was 76.5% (p=0.04), 65.5% (p=NS), 55.4% (p=NS) and 16.7% (p=0.03), in AG, CIM, IIM and dysplasia, respectively. The median age of presentation was similar between the lesions: 53.5 (+/-9.3), 52.6 (+/-11.2), 54.3 (+/-7.8) y 54.2 (+/-12.1) years in AG, CIM, IIM and dysplasia, respectively. The premalignant gastric lesions were more frequent in male subjects and under 60 years (p=NS). There were no significant differences among the differents gastric premalignant lesions and family history of gastric cancer, smoking and alcohol consumption (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of premalignant gastric lesions in our study was low. The frequency of H. pylori infection was decreased in premalignant lesions more advanced. Association significant was only found among H. pylori infection and AG and dysplasia.
Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Gastroscopia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Estudiar la frecuencia y características de las lesiones gástricas preneoplásicas y su relación con el helicobacter pylori (HP). MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal retrospectivo en una población de nivel socioeconómico medio y alto participante en una campaña de despistaje de cáncer gástrico, desde enero a junio del 2008 en el Hospital Central de la FAP. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, clínicas y endoscópicas. RESULTADOS: De 2616 pacientes estudiados, 187 (7.1%) presentaron diagnostico histológico de lesiones gástricas preneoplásicas: 34 (1.3%) gastritis atrófica (GA), 55(%) metaplasia intestinal completa (MIC), 92 (3.5%) metaplasia intestinal incompleta (MII), y 6 (0.2%) displasia. La frecuencia de infección por HP fue de 76.5% (p=0.04), 65.5% (p=NS), 55.4% (p=NS) y 16.7% (p=0.03), en la GA, MIC, MII y displasia, respectivamente. La edad media de presentación fue similar entre las 4 lesiones: 53.5 (±9.3), 52.6 (±11.2), 54.3 (±7.8) y 54.2 (±12.1) años en la GA, MIC, MII y displasia, respectivamente. Las lesiones preneoplásicas fueron mas frecuentes en varones y menores de 60 años de edad (p=NS). No se encontró asociación entre las lesiones preneoplásicas y el antecedente familiar de cáncer gástrico, consumo de alcohol y tabaco (p=NS). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de las lesiones gástricas preneoplásicas en nuestro estudio fue baja. La frecuencia de la infección por HP fue decreciente en las lesiones preneoplásicas mas avanzadas. Solo se encontró asociación entre la infección por HP y la gastritis atrófica y la displasia gástrica.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of premalignant gastric lesions and its relationship with helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study. Between january and june 2008, consecutive subjects of middle and high socioeconomic status were evaluated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a gastric cancer screening in Central FAP Hospital. The demografic, clinic and endoscopic information were analysed. RESULTS: 2616 patients were evaluated. Diagnosis histological of premalignant gastric lesions was made in 187 patients (7.1%), 34 (1.3%) atrophic gastritis (AG), 55 (2.1%), complete intestinal metaplasia (CIM), 92 (3.5%) incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IIM), and 6 (0.2%) dysplasia. The frequency of helicobacter pylori infection was 76.5% (p=0.04), 65.5% (p=NS), 55.4% (p=NS) and 16.7% (p=0.03), in AG, CIM, IIM and dysplasia, respectively. The medianage of presentation was similar between the lesions: 53.5 (±9.3), 52.6 (±11.2), 54.3 (±7.8) y 54.2 (±12.1) years in AG, CIM, IIM and dysplasia, respectively. The premalignant gastric lesions were more frequent in male subjects and under 60 years (p=NS). There were no significant differences among the differents gastric premalignant lesions and family history of gastric cancer, smoking and alcohol consumption (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of premalignant gastric lesions in our study was low. The frequency of H. pylori infection was decreased in premalignant lesions more advanced. Asociation significant was only found among H. pylori infection and AG and dysplasia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Helicobacter pylori , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
PURPOSE: Determine the prevalence, clinical-epidemiological characteristics and predictive factors for Barrets Esophagus (BE). METHOD: An analytical and transversal study was conducted, followed by a case-control study nested in a population participating in a gastric cancer screening campaign, from January to June 2008 at the Central Hospital of the Peruvian Air Force (FAP). A BE case was defined due to the endoscopic presence of columnar-appearing mucosa confirmed by intestinal metaplasia at biopsy. Demographic, clinical and endoscopic variables were evaluated, and bivariate and multivariate studies were conducted to identify predictive risk factors, using patients with gastroesophagic reflux and control patients of the study population as control groups. RESULTS: Out of 2273 patients studied, 11 (0.48%) patients with an average age of 52.2 +/- 7.7 years (43-69 year range) suffered from BE, out of which 81.8% were male. The 81.8% were symptomatic, with dyspepsia in 54.5% and with reflux in 27.3%, while 18.2% were asymptomatic. The short-segment BE was more common than the long-segment BE (72.7% versus 27.3%). The predictive factors found after the bivariate and multivariate analysis (comparing cases versus population control group) were: hiatal hernia [OR = 12.1, CI 95% 2.25 64.75], consumption of AINES [OR = 6.72, CI 95% 1.6-29.1] and consumption of alcohol [OR = 4.22, CI 95% 1.1-16.91]. CONCLUSIONS: BE prevalence in the study was low. The presence of hiatal hernia, consumption of AINES, and consumption of alcohol were predictive risk factors to develop BE in the study.
Assuntos
Esôfago de Barrett/diagnóstico , Esôfago de Barrett/epidemiologia , Esofagoscopia , Gastroscopia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia, características clínico-epidemiológicas y factores predictivos para Esófago de Barrett (EB). MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio analítico y transversal, seguido de un estudio casos y controles anidado en una población participante en una campaña de despistaje de cáncer gástrico, desde enero a junio del 2008 en el Hospital Central de la FAP. Se definió caso de EB a la presencia endoscópica de mucosa de apariencia columnar en esófago distal confirmada con metaplasia intestinal en la biopsia. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, clínicas y endoscópicas, y se realizó estudio bivariado y multivariado para identificar factores de riesgo predictivos, teniendo como grupos controles a pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico y a pacientes controles de la población estudiada. RESULTADOS: De 2273 pacientes estudiados, 11 (0.48 por ciento) presentaron EB, con una edad promedio de 52.2 ± 7.7 años (rango 43-69 años), de los cuales 81.8 por ciento fueron varones. El 81.8 por ciento fueron sintomáticos con dispepsia en 54.5 por ciento y reflujo en 27.3 por ciento, mientras que el 18.2 por ciento fueron asintomáticos. La variedad de EB segmento corto fue más frecuente que elsegmento largo (72.7 por ciento vs 27.3 por ciento). Los factores predictivos encontrados luego del análisis bivariado y multivariado (comparando casos vs grupo control Población) fueron: herniahiatal [OR= 12.1, IC 95 por ciento 2.25-64.75], consumo de AINES [OR= 6.72, IC 95 por ciento 1.6-29.1] y el consumo de alcohol [OR= 4.22, IC 95 por ciento 1.1-16.91]. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia del EB en nuestro estudio fue baja. La presencia de hernia hiatal, consumo de AINES y de alcohol fueron factores de riesgo predictivos parapresentar EB en nuestro estudio.
PURPOSE: Determine the prevalence, clinical-epidemiological characteristics and predictive factors for BarretÆs Esophagus (BE). METHOD: An analytical and transversal study was conducted, followed by a case-control study nested in a population participating in a gastric cancer screening campaign, from January to June 2008 at the Central Hospital of the Peruvian Air Force (FAP). A BE case was defined due to the endoscopic presence of columnar-appearing mucosa confirmed by intestinal metaplasia at biopsy. Demographic, clinical and endoscopic variables were evaluated, and bivariate and multivariate studies were conducted to identify predictive risk factors, using patients with gastroesophagic reflux and control patients of the study population as control groups. RESULTS: Out of 2273 patients studied, 11 (0.48 per cent) patients with an average age of 52.2 ± 7.7 years (43-69 year range) suffered from BE, out of which 81.8 per cent were male. The 81.8 per cent were symptomatic, with dyspepsia in 54.5 per cent and with reflux in 27.3 per cent, while 18.2 per cent were asymptomatic. The short-segment BE was more common than the long-segment BE(72.7 per cent versus 27.3 per cent). The predictive factors found after the bivariate and multivariate analysis (comparing cases versus population control group) were: hiatal hernia [OR= 12.1, CI 95 per cent 2.25 û 64.75], consumption of AINES [OR = 6.72, CI 95 per cent 1.6-29.1] and consumptionof alcohol [OR = 4.22, CI 95 per cent 1.1-16.91]. CONCLUSIONS: BE prevalence in the study was low. The presence of hiatal hernia, consumption of AINES, and consumption of alcohol were predictive risk factors to develop BE in the study.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Enteropatias , Esôfago de Barrett , Metaplasia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
El presente artículo pretende analizar el estado de los conocimientos sobre tuberculosis pulmonar presentes en el discurso médico peruano en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, analizando específicamente la importancia que empezaron a tener los postulados de la Bacteriología concerniente a la tuberculosis pulmonar valiéndose para ello de una fuente maravillosa como es el debate sostenido entre los médicos Francisco Almenara Butler e Ignacio de la Puente Requena acerca de la construcción del Sanatório de Tamboraque.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Bacteriologia/história , História da Medicina , Médicos/história , Saúde Pública/história , Tuberculose Pulmonar/história , Tuberculose Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , PeruRESUMO
El presente artículo tiene como propósito ofrecer un panorama de las diferentes etapas por las que atravesaron las políticas oficiales promovidas por el Estado destinadas al combate de las enfermedades venéreas, especialmente la sífilis, en Lima y el Callao entre los años 1910 y 1930. Estas iniciativas públicas revelan la continuidad de un programa regulamentarista que se concetró principalmente en el control médico y social de la prostitución, considerada como la causa más seria del 'contágio venéreo' en el Perú. Es importante destacar que esta reglamentación se mantuovo casi inalterable hasta la segunda y tercera década del siglo XX cuando empezó a coexistir con otras propuestras de lucha antivenérea como la educación sexual.
Assuntos
História do Século XX , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/história , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , História da Medicina , Política de Saúde/história , Trabalho Sexual , Educação Sexual , Saúde Pública/história , Sífilis/história , Sífilis/prevenção & controle , Legislação como Assunto , PeruRESUMO
El presente artículo pretende analizar el estado de los conocimientos sobre tuberculosis pulmonar presentes en el discurso médico peruano en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, analizando específicamente la importancia que empezaron a tener los postulados de la Bacteriología concerniente a la tuberculosis pulmonar valiéndose para ello de una fuente maravillosa como es el debate sostenido entre los médicos Francisco Almenara Butler e Ignacio de la Puente Requena acerca de la construcción del Sanatório de Tamboraque. [AU]
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Saúde Pública/história , História da Medicina , Bacteriologia/história , Médicos/história , Tuberculose Pulmonar/história , Tuberculose Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , PeruRESUMO
El presente artículo tiene como propósito ofrecer un panorama de las diferentes etapas por las que atravesaron las políticas oficiales promovidas por el Estado destinadas al combate de las enfermedades venéreas, especialmente la sífilis, en Lima y el Callao entre los años 1910 y 1930. estas iniciativas públicas revelan la continuidad de un programa regulamentarista que se concetró principalmente en el control médico y social de la prostitución, considerada como la causa más seria del 'contágio venéreo' en el Perú. Es importante destacar que esta reglamentación se mantuovo casi inalterable hasta la segunda y tercera década del siglo XX cuando empezó a coexistir con otras propuestras de lucha antivenérea como la educación sexual. [AU]