RESUMO
We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic fluid restriction and hydration with a sweetened beverage (SB) in rats from weaning until adolescence, in a posterior acute kidney injury (AKI) event induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). We followed 5 groups of weaning rats: control group (C); two groups with 22 h/day fluid restriction, a group hydrated for two hours with water (-W) and a group hydrated with SB; one group receiving SB ad libitum all day (+SB); and one group in which water consumption was increased using a gel diet. The rats that reached adolescence were submitted to I/R. Fluid restriction and/or SB hydration induced mild renal alterations that were significantly accentuated in the -SB group and resulted in worse outcomes after I/R-induced AKI that resulted in a catastrophic fall in creatinine clearance and diffuse acute tubular necrosis. In summary, low tap water intakes, as well as SB intake in infancy, prompt kidney worse outcomes in a later event of AKI during adolescence and both insults magnify kidney damage. Studies on hydration habits in children are recommended to disclose the potentially harmful effects that those behavioral patterns might carry to future renal health.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Ingestão de Líquidos , Frutose/farmacologia , Animais , Bebidas Adoçadas Artificialmente , Frutoquinases/metabolismo , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Testes de Função Renal , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Lipocalina-2/metabolismo , Masculino , Estado de Hidratação do Organismo , Ratos Wistar , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/complicações , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologiaRESUMO
Buruli ulcer (BU) is the third most common mycobacterial disease in immunocompetent hosts. BU is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, which produces skin ulcers and necrosis at the site of infection. The principal virulence factor of M. ulcerans is a polyketide-derived macrolide named mycolactone, which has cytotoxic and immunosuppressive activities. We determined the severity of inflammation, histopathology and bacillary loads in the subcutaneous footpad tissue of BALB/c mice infected with 11 different M. ulcerans isolates from diverse geographical areas. Strains from Africa (Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast) induced the highest inflammation, necrosis and bacillary loads, whereas the strains collected from Australia, Asia (Japan, Malaysia, New Guinea), Europe (France) and America (Mexico) induced mild inflammation. Subsequently, animals were infected with the strain that exhibited the highest (Benin) or lowest (Mexico) level of virulence in order to analyse the local immune response generated. The Mexican strain, which does not produce mycolactone, induced a predominantly T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine profile with constant high expression of the anti-microbial peptides beta defensins 3 and 4, in co-existence with low expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. The highly virulent strain from Benin which produces mycolactone A/B induced the opposite pattern. Thus, different local immune responses were found depending on the infecting M. ulcerans strain.
Assuntos
Úlcera de Buruli/imunologia , Mycobacterium ulcerans/patogenicidade , Animais , Austrália , Benin , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Congo , Côte d'Ivoire , Citocinas/análise , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Expressão Gênica , Gana , Japão , Malásia , Masculino , México , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Animais , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/imunologia , Papua Nova Guiné , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie , Trinidad e Tobago , Virulência/genética , beta-Defensinas/análise , beta-Defensinas/genéticaRESUMO
Recently, Helicobacter sp has been identified in resected gallbladder tissue and in collected bile from Chilean patients with chronic cholecystitis. Therefore, it an association between bile Helicobacter sp and gallbladder cancer has been proposed. Interestingly, both Helicobacter colonization and gallstone disease (GD) happen very frequently in Chile. However, whether there is an association between Helicobacter colonization and GD has not been completely studied. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Helicobacter in human gallbladder tissues with GD. The study included 95 Mexican patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Collected gallbladder specimens were assessed to identify Helicobacter sp using histology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using Helicobacter-specific 16-S ribosomal RNA primers. Of the 95 specimens examined in detail, all had stones as follows: 56 (59%) had chronic cholecystitis; 7 (7.4%), acute cholecystitis: 15 (16%), both chronic and acute cholecystitis, 10 (9.5%), cholesterolosis, and 7 (7.4%), lymphoid hyperplasia. Specimens were considered positive for Helicobacter when histology was positive. Only 1 of the 95 specimens was positive for Helicobacter by immunohistochemistry analysis; 1 of 32 cases, by PCR. These results suggest a low incidence of Helicobacter in the gallbladder epithelium of Mexican patients with GD. However, we can not discard the existence of uncommon Helicobacter sp in gallbladder epithelium and its association with gallstone pathogenesis. Additionally, this study suggests no apparent association between GD and Helicobacter colonization in a Mexican population.
Assuntos
Colelitíase/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Helicobacter/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Recently the association between the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and smooth muscle lesions has been described in immunosuppressed children but it is infrequent in adults. The role of EBV in the pathogenesis of these lesions is obscure. We presents a 28 year old man with end stage renal disease transplanted in 1994. Two years later he developed several nodular lesions that affected both lungs, liver, spleen, retroperitoneal ganglia and the left thigh; one year later he died. The surgical specimen from the thigh and a liver biopsy were diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemical reactions against vimentin and smooth muscle actin were positive. In situ hybridization disclosed positivity against EBV nuclear antigens (EBNA-2) in neoplasic cells. This is the first case of sarcoma in transplanted patients of our institution and represents a rare case of leiomyosarcoma associated with EBV in adults.
Assuntos
Infecções por Herpesviridae/complicações , Transplante de Rim , Leiomiossarcoma/complicações , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/complicações , Adulto , Antígenos Nucleares do Vírus Epstein-Barr/análise , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Leiomiossarcoma/virologia , MasculinoRESUMO
A possible sex difference in the mean sagittal area of the anterior commissure (AC) was investigated in normal, newborn-castrated, and perinatally-androgenized rats. A second experiment included castrated adult rats from each sex exposed to testosterone twelve days before sacrifice. In normal rats, as well as in those exposed to testosterone as adults, no quantitative difference was found in the AC. However, perinatal exposure to testosterone induced a 20-25% increase in the mean area of the AC of rats from each sex. It is proposed that gonadal sex steroids may have a reciprocal influence upon the structure of central olfactory pathways, due to the influences of the main olfactory system upon gonadotropin secretion.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testosterona/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Encéfalo/patologia , Feminino , Hipertrofia/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Orquiectomia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Testículo/fisiologiaAssuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Transplante de Rim , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Adulto , Carcinoma Basocelular/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcoma de Kaposi/epidemiologia , Luz Solar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been demonstrated in association with cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) indicating that, in at least in some cases, EBV may play a pathogenic role in the development of HD. To determine the prevalence of EBV in HD in a Mexican adult population, we studied 39 formalin-fixed and/or B-5, paraffin embedded samples of patients with HD, by immunoperoxidase; in situ hybridization was done in 32 of the 39 cases. We analyzed the presence of the latent membrane protein (LMP) and EBV-specific DNA sequences. Reed-Sternberg cells and mononuclear variants were positive for LMP in 28 cases (72%). LMP staining was found both on the cell surface and/or within the cytoplasm with enhancement in the Golgi area. The LMP was found in the single case of diffuse lymphocyte predominant HD, in 6/12 cases of nodular sclerosis (50%), in 10/15 cases of mixed cellularity (67%) and in all eleven cases of lymphocyte depleted HD (100%). No EBV-specific DNA sequences were found by in situ hybridization. Our results show: 1) a higher association of EBV in our population compared to the approximately 48% reported in developed countries; 2) all histologic subtypes of HD in Mexico appear to be strongly associated with EBV in contrast to the strong association with only mixed cellularity seen in Western populations; 3) the high prevalence of EBV in HD in Mexico may be a function of histology, ethnic groups, socioeconomic factors and/or geography.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Doença de Hodgkin/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Doença de Hodgkin/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/análise , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
In rodents the vomeronasal system plays an important role in modulating the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion. It is accepted that the anatomical pathways by which the vomeronasal organ influences the neuroendocrine aspects of the reproductive behavior involves a polysynaptic system, including the accessory olfactory bulb, the 'vomeronasal amygdala', the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial preoptic and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. We found that 72 h after unilateral transection of the vomeronasal nerves of an ipsilateral orthograde degeneration is seen in the neuropil of the medial preoptic, ventromedial, and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei. This represents an anatomical evidence of a monosynaptic link between the vomeronasal neuroepithelium and the medial preoptic nucleus, and hypothalamus.
Assuntos
Septo Nasal/inervação , Área Pré-Óptica/anatomia & histologia , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Ventromedial/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Núcleo Arqueado do Hipotálamo/anatomia & histologia , Núcleo Arqueado do Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Masculino , Degeneração Neural/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Ratos , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Sinapses/fisiologiaRESUMO
A previous study suggested that a rapeseed diet induced hepatocellular hypertrophy in normal albino rats. In the present study morphometry confirmed that a rapeseed diet produces hepatocytic hypertrophy which, according to cytological findings, is primarily due to an increase in the cytoplasmic area. A combination of a rapeseed diet and the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) also led to hepatocellular hypertrophy but the histological picture of the cirrhosis was similar to the one in control animals receiving CCl4 alone. The fact that the hypertrophy was primarily due to organelles supports the idea that a component or components of the rapeseed may modify protein turnover in the parenchyma of the liver.