RESUMO
Forty-one human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1)-seropositive individuals were identified among 1,012 subjects with stored serum samples from a health and seroepidemiological survey conducted in Barbados in 1972. These 41 subjects plus 79 HTLV-1 seronegative household members were targeted in a follow-up study 20 years later. Sixteen seropositive subjects and 22 seronegative subjects were interviewed, examined, and phlebotomized. There were no changes in HTLV-1 serostatus between the 1972 and follow-up serum samples. Three (19%) of the seropositive subjects had HTLV-1-associated disorders: two with dermatitis and one with "smoldering" adult T-cell leukemia. Neurologic and immunologic function was similar in HTLV-1-seropositive and HTLV-1-seronegative subjects. HTLV-1 antibodies persist over many years, and the risk for seroconversion of household contacts is low.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/sangue , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Barbados/epidemiologia , Dermatite/complicações , Feminino , Seguimentos , Infecções por HTLV-I/complicações , Infecções por HTLV-I/imunologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A 1972 historic sera collection from two health districts in Barbados, British West Indies, was evaluated for risk factors and epidemiologic patterns of HTLV-I (human T cell leukemia virus type I) during a time prior to the first report of its discovery in 1980. HTLV-I seroprevalence is 4.2% (43 of 1,012) and is consistent with current estimates in endemic areas in the Caribbean. Age-dependent rise (P less than .01) and higher seroprevalence rates for females (P less than .01) are indistinguishable from the pattern in contemporary Caribbean and Japanese populations. HTLV-I seropositivity was 4 times higher in women (P less than .003) and 2.6 times higher in men (P = .32) with treponemal antibodies, supporting a role for sexual transmission. Children who were positive in a household were more likely to have a seropositive mother than a seropositive father. This pattern is consistent with transmission of the virus from mother to child. Our results document that rates of infection and modes of transmission of HTLV-I are persistent.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/análise , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Barbados , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/complicações , Dengue/complicações , Feminino , Infecções por HTLV-I/complicações , Infecções por HTLV-I/transmissão , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/complicações , Fatores Sexuais , Infecções por Treponema/complicaçõesAssuntos
Mononucleose Infecciosa/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Mononucleose Infecciosa/imunologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Testes Sorológicos , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Adotando criterios hematologicos e sorologicos bem definidos para o diagnostico de mononucleose infecciosa com anticorpos heterofilos presentes, foram estudados retrospectivamente, em relacao a distribuicao etaria, sazonal e de sexo, todos os pacientes (87 no total) que se apresentaram com este diagnostico em tres instituicoes medicas da cidade de Sao Paulo, durante o periodo de estudo.Analisando os resultados obtidos, concluem os Autores que em Sao Paulo, onde a infeccao pelo virus de Epstein-Barr (VEB) se da principalmente nos primeiros anos de vida, a distribuicao etaria desta doenca seria diferente da encontrada em populacoes de paises desenvolvidos, pois a porcentagem de casos observados no grupo etario de 6-10 anos (28,7%) aproximou-se bastante da porcentagem de casos observados no grupo etario de 16 a 20 anos (34,5%) e alem disso 55,l% do total de casos tinha menos de 16 anos de idade. A analise de pacientes por mes de diagnostico nao mostrou nenhuma distribuicao sazonal caracteristica, nao tendo tambem sido notada nenhuma diferenca quanto ao sexo. Alem disso, ficou mais uma vez comprovada a limitacao da dosagem de anticorpos IgG anti-capside do VEB para o diagnostico de infeccoes agudas por este virus
Assuntos
Mononucleose InfecciosaRESUMO
A prospective aetiologic analysis made of 70 children and adults with the clinical and haematologic features of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, revealed 65.7% due to EBV (31 heterophile antibody positive (HA+), 15 HA negative (HA-) cases), 8.6% due to T. gondii and 4.3% due to CMV. One case was related to viral hepatitis and one to drug hypersensitivity. The other 18.6% were of unknown cause. In the 46 IM cases positive tests were found for EBV/IgM in 93.5%, for heterophile by the absorbed horse Rbc test in 64.2% and by sheep Rbc in 37%. The immune-adherence haemagglutination test was slightly more sensitive than the horse Rbc test in 39 IM sera tested. In 41 EBV/IgM positive sera, EBV/IgA was present in 17/25 containing heterophile antibody and in 2/16 lacking heterophile antibody; anti-EA was present in 85%. The average age of HA+ IM cases was 13.2 years and of HA- cases 4.7 years. Three HA+ and 5 HA- IM cases occurred in the 0-2 year old age group. Few clinical features differentiated between aetiological agents. Exudative tonsillitis was the most helpful one and occurred in 67.7% of HA+ IM cases, 26.7% of HA- cases, in 1 of 3 CMV cases, and not at all in 6 T. gondii infections.
Assuntos
Mononucleose Infecciosa/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Países em Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Lactente , Linfocitose/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes Sorológicos , Toxoplasmose/diagnósticoRESUMO
A number of epidemiologic variables were investigated in a case-control interview study, conducted in São Paulo, Brazil, of 70 Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients, 70 tumor control subjects matched for age and sex, and 128 siblings of the patients. The major epidemiologic findings were a high percentage of total cases among children, with a high sex ratio, a relative predominance of the mixed cellularity histologic subtype, and a bimodal age-specific incidence curve with the highest rates among young adults and the elderly. When the matched controls were used as the comparison group, high socioeconomic status (SES) was found to be associated with an increased risk for HD (p = 0.001). On the basis of the case-sibling comparison, an association between prior tonsillectomy and risk for HD was found (p = 0.04), and the relative risk for HD among tonsillectomized persons as compared to individuals who had not had the operation was 2.5. Other variables, including sibship size, birth order, marital status, occupational exposure, prior use of amphetamines or diphenylhydantoin, intensity of exposure to children and history of viral illnesses were not found to be determinants of risk for HD in this study.
Assuntos
Métodos Epidemiológicos , Doença de Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Connecticut , Feminino , Doença de Hodgkin/genética , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , TonsilectomiaRESUMO
A case-control study of antibody titers to the viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus was carried out in 70 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and in 92 siblings, 50 parents and 19 children of the HD patients, each paired with a control matched for age and sex. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of the HD patients was significantly greater than that of the controls (t69 = 6.30, p < 0.0005), and the proportion of HD cases with titers greater than or equal to 1:320 was significantly elevated (35.5% vs. 2.9%). No significant differences in GMTs were found when the HD patients were grouped by sex or by histologic subtype. An inverse correlation between age and titer was noted among HD patients but not among controls. The GMT of the 161 relatives of the HD cases was similar to that of their respective controls. Likewise, there was no significant elevation of the GMT of the subset consisting of family members of HD patients with high titers when compared to controls. However, when the GMT of the family members of HD patients with high titers was compared to that of the relatives of the HD patients with low titers, a significant difference was found (t159 = 2.54, p < 0.01).
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Antígenos Virais/análise , Capsídeo/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Doença de Hodgkin/imunologia , Proteínas Virais/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Criança , Imunofluorescência , Doença de Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Doença de Hodgkin/genética , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A serological survey of a random sample of 541 of the population of St Lucia was undertaken. The prevalence of antibodies to dengue, herpes virus, VZ, rotavirus, rubella and syphilis is described and compared with other communities.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Barbados , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Herpesviridae/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 3/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunológicas , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rotavirus/imunologia , Vírus da Rubéola/imunologia , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
A follow-up study of poliomyelitis, rubella, and dengue antibodies has been made in light of results obtained in a 1972 health and serological survey in Barbados, W.I. Poliomyelitis antibody neutralization tests performed on sera from 307 children under age 15 using overnight serum/virus mixtures on microtiter plates at low serum dilutions revealed the absence of polio antibody at 1:2 dilution in 13.7% for type 1, 6.5% for type 2, and 14.3% for type 3 virus. A significant correlation of the presence or absence of poliomyelitis antibody to types 2 and 3 was seen with the response to immunization histories. Forty-three of 49 girls (88%) given rubella vaccine (RA 27/3) in 1972 had demonstrable haemagglutination-inhibition antibody 4 years later. Neutralization tests for dengue antibody confirmed the results of the complement-fixation tests and indicated that type 2 was probably the sole infecting strain.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Dengue/imunologia , Poliomielite/imunologia , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/imunologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Barbados , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Testes de Fixação de Complemento , Feminino , Seguimentos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Humanos , Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , Testes de Neutralização , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Sixty-seven cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) occurring in São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. Males with HD predominated over females 2.3 to 1. Sixty-six percent of the cases occurred in patients under 30 years of age, 31.7% under 20 years of age, and only 7.5% after 50 years of age. Lymphocyte predominance and mixed cellularity histologic types were most common in patients less than 15 years old, and nodular sclerosis was most common in the 15- to 19-year-old group. Sera from all patients had antibody to the viral capsid antigen (VCA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The geometric mean titer (GMT) of VCA antibody with the use of Jijoye cells as antigen was 1:162, and 31.3% of patients had titers of 1:320 or more; in controls, the GMT was 1:67 and 3.8% had titers of 1:320 or more. Similar results were obtained when EB-3 cells were used as antigen. The highest titers occurred in males, in mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depletion forms, and in stage 2 of illness. EBV-specific IgM antibody and heterophile antibody levels were not elevated, but 20.5% of the HD patients had antibody to the early antigen of EBV present in their sera. Antibody levels for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, rubella, measles, parainfluenza viruses, and papovavirus were not significantly elevated over those in matched controls.