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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and confounding factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) according to the perception of 8 to 10-year-old children and their parents/caregivers. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 403 students aged 8-10 years was carried out, in which OHRQoL was measured using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire administered to both children and parents/caregivers. The diagnosis of MIH was performed according to the previously proposed index. Dental caries experience, malocclusion, and sociodemographic factors were evaluated as confounders. Cluster analysis and Poisson regression with robust variance (p<0.05) were performed. Results: The prevalence of MIH was 13.4%. Parents/caregivers of children with MIH in incisors showed a higher impact prevalence in the emotional well-being domain (PR=1.92; 95%CI=1.16-3.19). Children with hypoplasia had a higher prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL in the oral symptoms domain (PR=1.51; 95%CI=1.03-2.23). According to the perception of parents/caregivers, dental caries experience had a negative impact on the quality of life of students in the emotional well-being domain (PR=4.19; 95%CI=1.06-16.49) and in the total questionnaire score (PR=3.21; 95%CI=1.06-9.71). Conclusion: According to the perception of parents/caregivers, children with MIH in incisors showed a greater impact on OHRQoL. Additionally, the presence of hypoplasia affected the self-perception of OHRQoL in children, and caries experience influenced the OHRQoL of children, as perceived by parents/caregivers.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of dental fear and evaluate its association with dental caries and with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren aged 11-14 years. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 375 adolescents in Campina Grande, Brazil. Socioeconomic and oral health information was collected, while dental fear was measured using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). The diagnosis of dental caries and MIH was performed by three trained examiners (κ ≥ 0.61) using the International Caries Detection & Assessment System - ICDAS II and a previously validated index, respectively. Data were descriptively analyzed using the Chi-Square, Fisher's Exact, and Poisson regression tests with robust variance (p<0.05). Results: The prevalence of dental fear was 18.4%, and the mean CFSS-DS total score was 28.96 ± 8.92. After adjusting for covariates family structure, schooling of parents/guardians, type of dental health service and dental pain in the last six months, the prevalence of dental fear was associated with dental pain in the last six months (PR=2.03; 95%CI=1.31-3.16; p=0.002). Conclusion: Although no association was found between dental fear, dental caries and MIH in adolescents, those who experienced dental pain in the last six months had a higher prevalence of dental fear.

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This study aimed to identify the prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren and its association with dental caries experience. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 471 children aged 8 to 10 years. Data were collected via a sociodemographic questionnaire. Intra-oral clinical examination was done to identify and diagnose MIH (EAPD Criteria) as well as dental caries (ICDAS Index). Statistical analyses were performed with Person's Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests, and Poisson regression models were built. Statistical significance was set at an alpha-level of 0.05. The prevalence of MIH in our participants was 9.8%, with lesions being mostly of the mild form (65.2%) and affecting the first permanent molars but not the incisors in 54.2% of the children. Dental caries was observed in 88.1% of subjects. We observed a significant association between dental caries and the following variables: presence of MIH (p < 0.01; PR = 1.13), dental visit (p < 0.02; PR=0.92), and parents or legal guardians' education level (p < 0.05; PR = 1.07). A MIH diagnosis was also significantly associated with family income (p < 0.05; PR = 4.09). Children with MIH had more caries lesions on molar surfaces (p < 0.01; PR = 4.05). The prevalence of MIH was found to be moderate, based on previous studies, and the presence of enamel defect was associated with dental caries. The teeth most affected by MIH lesions were the first permanent molars.

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ABSTRACT The severe acute respiratory syndrome of the new coronavirus, SARS CoV-2, which became a pandemic, was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. It can cause mild symptoms, but in some cases, it can cause serious complications, leading to death. The disease spreads through aerosol droplets and has an estimated incubation period between 2 and 14 days (a period in which the patient has high potential to infect other people). Endodontists have a high risk of exposure to COVID-19 when compared to other health professionals, since most of the work involves the generation of aerosols and care for patients in emergency situations, such as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, acute apical abscess and traumatic dental injuries, is imperative. Thus, this critical review addresses considerations about endodontic care in times of pandemic, whose emergencies imply a real need for treatment, as well as the care that must be adopted to minimize risks for both professionals and patients who seek the resolution of their clinical pain conditions.

RESUMO A síndrome respiratória aguda grave do novo coronavírus, SARS CoV-2, que se tornou uma pandemia, foi relatada pela primeira vez em Wuhan, Hubei, China em dezembro 2019. Pode acarretar sintomas leves, porém em alguns casos pode provocar graves complicações levando o indivíduo ao óbito. A doença se espalha através de gotículas de aerossol e tem um período de incubação do coronavírus estimado entre 2 e 14 dias (período este no qual o paciente tem alto potencial de infectar outras pessoas). Os endodontistas apresentam alto risco de exposição ao COVID-19 quando comparado a outros profissionais de saúde, pois a maior parte do trabalho envolve a geração de aerossóis e os atendimentos a pacientes em situações emergentes, como pulpite irreversível sintomática, periodontite apical sintomática, abscesso apical agudo e lesões dentárias traumáticas são imperativos. Dessa forma, essa revisão crítica aborda considerações sobre o atendimento endodôntico, nesta época de pandemia, cujas emergências imprimem necessidade real de tratamento, bem como os cuidados que devem ser adotados visando minimizar riscos tanto para o profissional quanto para os pacientes que buscam a resolução dos seus quadros clínicos de dor.

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Abstract This study aimed to identify the prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren and its association with dental caries experience. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 471 children aged 8 to 10 years. Data were collected via a sociodemographic questionnaire. Intra-oral clinical examination was done to identify and diagnose MIH (EAPD Criteria) as well as dental caries (ICDAS Index). Statistical analyses were performed with Person's Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests, and Poisson regression models were built. Statistical significance was set at an alpha-level of 0.05. The prevalence of MIH in our participants was 9.8%, with lesions being mostly of the mild form (65.2%) and affecting the first permanent molars but not the incisors in 54.2% of the children. Dental caries was observed in 88.1% of subjects. We observed a significant association between dental caries and the following variables: presence of MIH (p < 0.01; PR = 1.13), dental visit (p < 0.02; PR=0.92), and parents or legal guardians' education level (p < 0.05; PR = 1.07). A MIH diagnosis was also significantly associated with family income (p < 0.05; PR = 4.09). Children with MIH had more caries lesions on molar surfaces (p < 0.01; PR = 4.05). The prevalence of MIH was found to be moderate, based on previous studies, and the presence of enamel defect was associated with dental caries. The teeth most affected by MIH lesions were the first permanent molars.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental fear and to evaluate its association with dental caries and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren aged 8-10 years from a municipality in Northeastern Brazil. Data from 466 students enrolled in urban public schools in a cross-sectional study were collected. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, dental fear was measured by means of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and clinical examinations were performed by three calibrated examiners for diagnosis of dental caries, using the International Caries Detection & Assessment System - ICDAS II and a previously validated index for MIH. Descriptive data analysis was performed, and associations between dental fear, dental caries and MIH were analyzed using robust Poisson regression for complex samples (p<0,05). The prevalence of dental fear was 21.6%, and the mean total CFSS-DS score was 29.97 (CI 95%=29.05-30.89). In the multivariate adjusted model, the prevalence of dental fear was associated to family income (PR=1.78; CI 95%=1.02-3.08; p= 0.041). Monthly family income was associated with dental fear in children, whereas dental caries and MIH were not associated with dental fear.

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Abstract Objective: To analyze the use of continued-use medications by Brazilian children with microcephaly caused by Congenital Zika Virus Infection. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 76 children of both genders. Information on age, use of continued-use medications, number and type of drugs used was collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Continued-use medications were used by 89.4% of the children, anticonvulsants / antiepileptics (88.1%), and those indicated for behavioral disorders (27.1%) were the most frequent. Sodium saccharin, sucrose, and sorbitol are the most common sugars in the composition of these drugs. Conclusion: The use of medicines is high, predominantly anticonvulsants and antiepileptics, which contain sugars in their composition. These drugs can lead to irreversible dental problems, such as tooth decay if proper oral hygiene is not present. Therefore, parents/guardians should be advised about adopting healthy oral hygiene habits after the administration of these drugs.

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Introdução: as escovas dentais possuem como principal função a limpeza dos tecidos bucais. Objetivo: analisar as características micro e macroscópicas de escovas dentais de uso infantil e adulto. Metodologia: foram selecionadas 11 escovas dentais (cinco de uso infantil e seis de uso adulto). Dois pesquisadores treinados analisaram aspectos microcoscópicos e macroscópicos, de acordo com os parâmetros da Portaria n° 97/SVS (ANVISA). Os dados foram tabulados e analisados utilizando-se o Microsoft Excel, sendo apresentados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: foram encontradas cerdas arredondadas em 40% das escovas de uso infantil e em 66,7% de uso adulto, com farpas em 60% das escovas de uso infantil e em 50% de uso adulto, com a parte ativa ovalada em 60% das escovas de uso infantil e em 50% de uso adulto e com as cerdas macias em 80% das escovas de uso infantil e em 50% de uso adulto. O comprimento e a largura da parte ativa das de uso infantil variaram de 19,14 a 25,03 mm e de 8,82 a 13,98 mm respectivamente, enquanto, nas de uso adulto, o comprimento variou de 25,77 a 37,02 mm e a largura de 12,57 a 15,40 mm. As escovas de uso infantil possuíam comprimento total entre 137,91 e 163,82 mm e as de uso adulto entre 180,08 mm e 195,42 mm. Conclusão: a maioria das escovas dentais analisadas não estão adequadas aos parâmetros estabelecidos na legislação brasileira, sendo essencial que o cirurgião-dentista oriente individualmente o paciente acerca de qual escova é a mais indicada.

Introduction: toothbrushes have the main function of cleaning the oral tissues. Objective: to analyze the micro and macroscopic characteristics of children's and adult's toothbrushes. Methodology: eleven toothbrushes were selected (five for children and six for adults). Two trained researchers analyzed microscopic aspects and macroscopic aspects of the brushes, according to the parameters of Ordinance Number 97/SVS (ANVISA). Data were tabulated and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel and were presented by using descriptive statistics. Results: rounded bristles were found in 40% of the children's brushes and 66.7% of the adult, with barbs in 60% of the children's brushes and 50% of the adult, with the active part oval in 60% of the children's brushes and 50% adult brushes and soft bristles on 80% of the children's brushes and 50% of the adult. The length and width of the active part of the children's brushes ranged from 19.14 to 25.03 mm and from 8.82 to 13.98 mm respectively, while the adult brushes ranged from 25.77 to 37.02 mm in length and from 12.57 to 15.40 mm in width. The children's brushes had a total length between 137.91 and 163.82 mm and the adult brushes were between 180.08 mm and 195.42 mm. Conclusion: most of the toothbrushes analyzed are not adequate by the parameters established by the Brazilian legislation, so it is essential that the dentist individually guide the patient as to which toothbrush is the most suitable.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the risk behavior for bulimia among female adolescents from public and private high schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a random sample of 850 female students aged 15-18 years was carried out in a city in northeastern Brazil, using the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) to assess the risk behavior for bulimia. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the Pearson's chi-square , Fisher's exact and robust Poisson regression tests, adopting the significance level of 5%. Results: Less than half of the sample (42.0%) showed standards of dietary risk and weight control practices; in 1.4% of the sample, bulimia signs were already installed. Fear of gaining weight was reported by 62.8% of the subjects. Risk practices were lower among students from public schools; (Odds Ratio - OR - 0.82; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI - 0.69-0.97). Among restrictive practices, fasting for a whole day was the most applied (29.9% of the students). Among individuals who were at risk situation, almost half believed to have normal eating habits (prevalence ratio - PR - 0.42; 95%CI 0.36-0.49). Individuals who consider their eating habits normal, who are afraid of gaining weight, those who seek emotional comfort in food and follow strict diets had higher risk for bulimia (p<0.05). Conclusions: The number of female adolescent students with risk behavior practices for bulimia is high, and the frequency of those unaware of this situation is also very high. Risk situations emerge as a collective health problem, and individuals from private schools were more likely to be in this situation.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar comportamentos de risco para bulimia em adolescentes do sexo feminino de escolas públicas e particulares. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra aleatória de 850 estudantes do sexo feminino, com idades entre 15 e 18 anos, realizado em cidade do Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando o Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) para avaliar comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, o teste exato de Fisher e a regressão de Poisson, com o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), adotando o nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: Da amostra estudada, 42,0% apresentou padrões de risco e práticas de dieta e controle de peso e 1,4% já apresentava sinais de bulimia instalados. O medo de ganhar peso foi relatado por 62,8% das adolescentes. As práticas de risco foram menos frequentes em estudantes de escolas públicas (Odds Ratio - OR - 0,82; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% - 0,69-0,97). Entre as práticas restritivas, jejum por um dia inteiro foi o mais aplicado pelas participantes (29,9%). Entre os indivíduos com situação de risco, quase metade acreditava ter hábitos alimentares normais (razão de prevalência - RP - 0,42; IC95% 0,36-0,49). Estudantes que consideram seus hábitos alimentares normais, que têm medo de ganhar peso, que procuram conforto emocional em alimentos e seguem dietas rigorosas tiveram maior risco para bulimia (p<0,05). Conclusões: O número de estudantes com práticas de comportamento de risco para bulimia é alto, e o número daquelas que desconhecem essa situação também é muito alto. As situações de risco emergem como problemas de saúde coletiva, e indivíduos de escolas particulares são mais propensos a apresentar transtornos alimentares.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk behavior for bulimia among female adolescents from public and private high schools. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a random sample of 850 female students aged 15-18 years was carried out in a city in northeastern Brazil, using the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) to assess the risk behavior for bulimia. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the Pearson's chi-square , Fisher's exact and robust Poisson regression tests, adopting the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Less than half of the sample (42.0%) showed standards of dietary risk and weight control practices; in 1.4% of the sample, bulimia signs were already installed. Fear of gaining weight was reported by 62.8% of the subjects. Risk practices were lower among students from public schools; (Odds Ratio - OR - 0.82; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI - 0.69-0.97). Among restrictive practices, fasting for a whole day was the most applied (29.9% of the students). Among individuals who were at risk situation, almost half believed to have normal eating habits (prevalence ratio - PR - 0.42; 95%CI 0.36-0.49). Individuals who consider their eating habits normal, who are afraid of gaining weight, those who seek emotional comfort in food and follow strict diets had higher risk for bulimia (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The number of female adolescent students with risk behavior practices for bulimia is high, and the frequency of those unaware of this situation is also very high. Risk situations emerge as a collective health problem, and individuals from private schools were more likely to be in this situation.

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